Physical Acoustics V18

Principles and Methods

1st Edition - September 28, 1988

Editor: Warren P. Mason

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 4 7 2 6 - 2

Physical Acoustics: Principles and Methods reviews the principles and methods of physical acoustics, with emphasis on applications of the thermal and acoustic response to light.… Read more

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Physical Acoustics: Principles and Methods reviews the principles and methods of physical acoustics, with emphasis on applications of the thermal and acoustic response to light. Measurements in which a beam of light (or electrons) excites a system are presented, and information is obtained from the resulting thermal or acoustic waves. Comprised of seven chapters, this volume begins with a description of the use of number theory to design phase gratings and arrays with low directivity, followed by a comprehensive account of ultrasonic generation by pulsed lasers in gases, vapors, liquids, and solids. Thermoelastic generation at a free surface is considered, along with the effect of material ablation and the effect of surface modification by a thin liquid coating or constraining solid layer. Subsequent chapters focus on electron-acoustic imaging of solids; the theory of photothermal and photoacoustic effects in condensed matter; the use of photoacoustics to study the vibrational relaxation of molecules; and analytical applications of photoacoustic spectroscopy to condensed phase substances. The final chapter describes imaging with optically generated thermal waves. This book will be of interest to physicists.

Contributors

In Memoriam

Preface

1 Number-Theoretic Phase Arrays and Diffraction Gratings with Broad Radiation (Scattering) Characteristics

1. Introduction

2. The Concept of Spatial Frequency

3. Quadratic-Residue Arrays

4. Two-Dimensional Quadratic-Residue Arrays

5. Quadratic-Residue Phase Gratings

6. Spread-Spectrum Sequences

7. Galois Arrays

8. Phase Gratings Based on p = 2

9. Phase Gratings for p > 2

10. Primitive-Root Gratings

11. Complex Legendre Gratings

12. Zech Gratings

13. Conclusion

References

2 Ultrasonic Generation by Pulsed Lasers

1. Introduction

2. Generation in Gases and Vapors

3. Generation in Liquids

4. Generation in Solids

5. Applications

Acknowledgments

References

3 Electron Beam-Acoustic Imaging

1. Introduction

2. Basic Phenomena

3. Equipment

4. Applications—Microelectronics

5. Applications—Grain Structures

6. Applications—plastic Deformation

7. Applications—Vibrational Modes

8. Applications—Cracks and Delaminations

9. Applications—Miscellaneous

10. Future Developments and Applications

Acknowledgments

References

4 Theory of Photothermal and Photoacoustic Effects in Condensed Matter

1. Introduction

2. Basic Photothermal Theory

3. The Photoacoustic Effect

4. Enclosed-Cell Photoacoustics

5. Photothermal Laser-Beam Deflection

6. Photoacoustic/Photothermal Imaging

7. Conclusions and Open Questions

References

5 Opto/Photoacoustics: Vibrational Relaxation: Theory and Experiment

1. Introduction

2. Energy Transfer Mechanisms

3. Rate Equations for Intermolecular Collisions

4. Application to Photoacoustics

5. Experimental Results

References

6 Analytical Applications of Photoacoustic Spectroscopy to Condensed Phase Substances

1. Introduction

2. Basis of Analytical Applications

3. Weak Absorbance Detection

4. Trace Analyses

5. Chromatography with PAS

6. Characterization of Turbid and Colloidal Samples

7. Qualitative Analysis

8. Review of Other Photoacoustic and Photothermal Spectroscopies for Analytical Applications

References

7 Imaging with Optically Generated Thermal Waves

1. Introduction

2. General Experimental Arrangement

3. Optoacoustic Thermal Imaging with Microphone and Piezoelectric Detection

4. Remote Thermal Wave Imaging

5. Discussion

6. Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Author Index

Subject Index

Contents of Previous Volumes