Photophysiology

List of Contributors

Preface

Contents of Volume I

Chapter 12. Animal Photoperiodism


1. Discovery of Photoperiodism in Birds


2. General Nature of Photoperiodic Phenomena in Animals


3. Studies on Photoperiodism in Birds


4. Studies in Other Animals


5. General Conclusions

References

Chapter 13. Phototaxis in Microorganisms


1. Introduction


2. General Characteristics of Motility and Phototaxis in Photosynthetic Microbes


3. The Interpretation of Experiments in Phototaxis


4. Phototaxis in Purple Photosynthetic Bacteria


5. Phototaxis in Green Flagellates


6. Phototaxis in Filamentous Blue-Green Algae and Diatoms


7. Some Applications of the Study of Motility and Taxis in Microbes

References

Chapter 14. The Photoreceptor Process in Lower Animals


1. Introduction


2. Photosensitivity at the Cellular Level


3. Visual Pigments and Spectral Sensitivity


4. Visual Pigments and Color Vision in Insects


5. General Electrophysiology of Invertebrate Photoreceptors


6. Neural Interaction and the Integration of Receptor Activity

References

Chapter 15. Vision as a Photic Process


1. Rhodopsin


2. Twilight Vision


3. Cones and Color in Man


4. Conclusions

References

Chapter 16. The Physical Limits of Visual Discrimination


1. Introduction


2. Quantum Fluctuations at Threshold


3. Limits to Measurement above Threshold


4. Noise as a Limit to Light Measurement


5. Instrumental Factors Limiting Measurements


6. Splitting up the Light


7. Chromatic Aberration


8. Collecting, Comparing, and Deciding


9. Summary

References

Chapter 17. Studies on Ultraviolet Radiation Action Upon Animal Cells


1. Direct and Indirect Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation


2. Effects of Far- and Near-Ultraviolet Radiation


3. Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Cell Nucleus


4. Action Spectra of Ultraviolet-Radiation Effects on Animal Cells


5. Influence of Physiological State on the Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation


6. Evidence for Thermal Reactions Following Irradiation of Animal Cells


7. Sensitivity of Cells to Ultraviolet Radiation during Various Phases of the Mitotic Cycle


8. Stimulation of Cell Division by Ultraviolet Radiation


9. Changes in Sensitivity of Nerve Cells after Ultraviolet Irradiation


10. Effect of Ultraviolet Irradiation of Parts of a Cell


11. Summary

References

Chapter 18. Mutagenic Effects of Ultraviolet and Visible Light


1. Introduction


2. Mutation Defined


3. Ultraviolet and Visible Light


4. Action Spectra


5. Dose-Effect Relationships


6. Effects of Temperature and Intensity


7. Influence of Oxygen and Peroxides


8. Influence of Metabolic Processes


9. Photodynamically Induced Mutations


10. Genetic Modification of UV-Induced Mutation Frequency


11. Light-Induced Gene Mutation on Molecular Basis

References

Chapter 19. Photoreactivation of Ultraviolet Damage


1. Ultraviolet Radiation and Biological Systems


2. Photoreactivation of Ultraviolet Damage in Organisms


3. Photoreactivation of Ultraviolet Damage to DNA


4. Relation of the in Vitro and in Vivo Systems


5. Role of the Photoreactivation Process in Nature


6. Prospectus

References

Chapter 20. Photochemistry of the Nucleic Acids


1. Introduction


2. Photoproducts Reversed in the Dark by Acid or Heat


3. Photoproducts Reversed by Light of Short Wavelength


4. Photochemistry of Oligonucleotides and Polynucleotides


5. Photochemistry of Deoxyribonucleic Acid


6. Photochemistry of Ribonucleic Acid


7. Photochemistry of 5-Bromouracil in Vivo and in Vitro


8. Unsolved Problems

References

Chapter 21. Bioluminescence—Production of Light by Organisms


1. Introduction: Distribution of Bioluminescence and the Classical "Luciferin-Luciferase" Reaction


2. General Physiology and Chemistry of Bioluminescent Systems


3. Miscellaneous Bioluminescent Systems Whose Chemistry is Relatively Unknown


4. Role of the Bioluminescent Reaction

References

Author Index

Subject Index