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Photophysics and Nanophysics in Therapeutics

1st Edition - April 29, 2022

Editors: Nilesh M. Mahajan, Avneet Saini, Nishikant A. Raut, Sanjay J. Dhoble

Paperback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 9 8 3 9 - 3

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 8 5 6 8 - 3

Photophysics and Nanophysics in Therapeutics explores the latest advances and applications of phototherapy and nanotherapy, covering the application of light, radiation, and… Read more

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Photophysics and Nanophysics in Therapeutics explores the latest advances and applications of phototherapy and nanotherapy, covering the application of light, radiation, and nanotechnology in therapeutics, along with the fundamental principles of physics in these areas. Consisting of two parts, the book first features a range of chapters covering phototherapeutics, from the fundamentals of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to applications such as cancer treatment and advances in radiotherapy, applied physics in cancer radiotherapy treatment, and the role of carbon ion beam therapy. Other sections cover nanotherapeutics, potential applications and challenges, and nanotherapy for drug delivery to the brain.

Final chapters delve into nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers, the role of nanocarriers for HIV treatment, nanoparticles for rheumatoid arthritis treatment, peptide functionalized nanomaterials as microbial sensors, and theranostic nanoagents.

Cover Image
Title Page
Copyright
Table of Contents
Contributors
Section 1 Phototherapeutics
Chapter 1 Phototherapy: A critical review
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background
1.3 Various light sources and methods of phototherapy
1.4 Applications and limitations of phototherapy
1.5 Recent developments and future scopes
References
Chapter 2 Phototherapy for skin diseases
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Major functions of the skin
2.3 Skin diseases and their etiology
2.4 Bacterial skin diseases
2.5 Fungal skin diseases
2.6 Viral skin diseases
2.7 Tropical ulcers
2.8 HIV related skin diseases
2.9 Pigmentation disorders
2.10 Parasitic infections
2.11 Tumors and cancers
2.12 Trauma
2.13 Skin tests
2.14 Heliotherapy
2.15 Naturopathy modalities on inflammation and immunity
2.16 Phototherapy for skin diseases
2.17 Methods
2.18 Concluding remark
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 3 Phototherapy: The novel emerging treatment for cancer
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Photophysics and photochemistry
3.3 Photodynamic targets at the molecular level
3.4 Light source
3.5 Changes in cell signaling after photodynamic therapy
3.6 Method of excitation for photosensitizing agents
3.7 Photodynamic therapy modifications
3.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Statement of informed consent
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 4 Fundamentals of photodynamic therapy
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Basic concept of photodynamic therapy
4.3 Working mechanism
4.4 Advantages and disadvantages of photodynamic therapy
4.5 Essential wavelength region in photodynamic therapy
4.6 Recent developments in photodynamic therapy
4.7 Future scopes and perspectives
References
Chapter 5 Photodynamic therapy for cancer treatment
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Background of photodynamic therapy
5.3 Novel strategies in photodynamic therapy
5.4 Role of photosensitizing agents in photodynamic therapy
5.5 Application of photodynamic therapy in treatment of various cancers
5.6 Recent developments, future scope, and challenges
5.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 6 Photodiagnostic techniques
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Fundamentals of light used in diagnostic techniques
6.3 Various photo diagnostic techniques
6.4 Physics of photodiagnostic techniques
6.5 Opportunities, challenges, and limitations of photodiagnostic techniques
References
Chapter 7 The role of physics in modern radiotherapy: Current advances and developments
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Role of radiotherapy in cancer treatment
7.3 Development of radiation physics
7.4 Recent advancement in radiotherapy
7.5 Radiosurgery for noncancerous tumor and diseases
7.6 Summary and conclusion
References
Chapter 8 Physics in treatment of cancer radiotherapy
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Principle of radiotherapy
8.3 Traditional facility in treatment of radiotherapy
8.4 Patient preparation and simulation
8.5 Target delineation and treatment planning
References
Chapter 9 Role of carbon ion beam radiotherapy for cancer treatment
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer
9.3 Role of carbon ion beam therapy
9.4 Development of TLD materials for carbon ion beam therapy
9.5 Conclusion
References
Section 2 Nanotherapeutics
Chapter 10 Nanomaterials physics: A critical review
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Fundamental concepts of nanomaterial physics
10.3 Properties of materials
10.4 Rationale of nanoparticle physics with diverse functions involving nanomaterials
10.5 Self-assembly of nanostructures
10.6 Clinical applications of nanomaterials physics
10.7 Conclusion: Nanotechnology, physics, and clinical outcome
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 11 Nanotherapeutic systems for drug delivery to brain tumors
11.1 Introduction
11.2 An overview of brain tumors
11.3 Barriers and challenges in the treatment of brain cancer
11.4 Conventional vs nanomedicines in drug delivery for brain cancers
11.5 Approaches and mechanisms of nanocarriers for chemotherapeutic drug delivery to brain tumors
11.6 Types of nanotherapeutic platforms for drug delivery to treat brain cancer
11.7 Novel therapies to treat brain cancers
11.8 Clinical translation of nanotherapeutic systems for brain cancers: From bench to bedside
11.9 Conclusion and future prospects
References
Chapter 12 Progress in nanotechnology-based targeted cancer treatment
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Tumor microenvironment: Comparison with normal cells
12.3 Nanotechnology-based diagnosis of cancer
12.4 Nanotechnology-based drug targeting strategies in cancer
12.5 Progress in nanotherapeutics for treating breast and lung cancer
12.6 Future of nanotechnology in cancer treatment
12.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 13 Nanotherapeutics for colon cancer
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Diagnosis
13.3 Current therapies
13.4 Nanodrug delivery in cancer therapy
13.5 Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs)
13.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14 Nanoparticles for the targeted drug delivery in lung cancer
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Nanocarriers in LC treatment
14.3 Marketed formulation
14.4 Toxicity issues of inhaled NPS
14.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 15 Role of nanocarriers for the effective delivery of anti-HIV drugs
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Conventional antiretroviral therapy
15.3 Types of nanocarriers for antiretroviral drugs delivery
15.4 Nanaotechnological approaches for antiretroviral therapy
15.5 Nanotechnology for improving latency reservoir
15.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 16 Drug delivery systems for rheumatoid arthritis treatment
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Management of rheumatoid arthritis
16.3 Targeted delivery strategies to inflamed synovium
16.4 Passive targeting
16.5 Active targeting
16.6 Factors for the selection of delivery system
16.7 Drug delivery vehicles for rheumatoid arthritis
16.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 17 Peptide functionalized nanomaterials as microbial sensors
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Conventional techniques for microorganism detection
17.3 Principle behind using biosensors for microorganism detection
17.4 Commonly used biosensing recognition elements
17.5 Advantages and challenges of using peptide-based detection of microorganisms
17.6 Properties of nanomaterials making them suitable for construction of microbial sensors
17.7 Techniques enabling microorganism detection
17.8 Recent advances in on-site detection of microorganisms using peptide functionalized nanosensors
17.9 Conclusion and future perspectives
Uncited references
References
Chapter 18 Theranostic nanoagents: future of personalized nanomedicine
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Recent approaches versus theranostic nanoagents
18.3 Nanotheranostics and neurological disorders
18.4 Nanotheranostics and rheumatoid arthritis
18.5 Nanoparticle-based theranostic agents
18.6 Theranostic nanoagents: future of nanomedicine
18.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 19 Improving the functionality of a nanomaterial by biological probes
19.1 Introduction to nanomaterials
19.2 Classifications of nanoparticles
19.3 Common conjugation approaches for biomolecule functionalized nanomaterials
19.4 Basic chemistries behind conjugation approaches
19.5 Applications
19.6 Conclusion and future perspective
References
Chapter 20 Nanostructures for the efficient oral delivery of chemotherapeutic agents
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Nanodrug carriers
References
Chapter 21 Photo-triggered theranostics nanomaterials: Development and challenges in cancer treatment
21.1 Introduction of nanomaterials in phototherapeutics
21.2 Types of nanomaterials
21.3 Polymeric nanocarriers for photosensitizer/dye encapsulation
21.4 Nanoconstructs for photodynamic therapy
21.5 Photo-triggered theranostic nanocarriers
21.6 Approaches to measure drug release through theranostic nanomedicine
21.7 Magnetic resonance imaging for monitoring release of drug
21.8 Photo-triggered theranostics nanomaterials: Principle and applications
21.9 Opportunities and limitations of nanomaterials
21.10 Preclinical challenges
21.11 Future aspects of nanomaterials in the therapeutics
References
Chapter 22 Nanocrystals in the drug delivery system
22.1 Introduction to nanocrystals and nanosuspension
22.2 Production methods and technology of nanocrystals
22.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of nanocrystals
22.4 Pharmaceutical Nanocrystals of API
22.5 Conclusion
References
Index

Nilesh M. Mahajan

Dr. Nilesh M. Mahajan is a Professor and Head, Department of Pharmaceutics at Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Nagpur, India having 20 years of experience. He has four patents published, one copyright for designing biomedical device, and several publications. He has several research grants from different federal agencies. He is a consultant to Pharma industries and received several awards. His areas of research expertise are nanotherapeutics, crystal engineering, and polyherbal formulations.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor and Head of Department of Pharmaceutics, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Besa, Nagpur, India

Avneet Saini

Dr. Avneet Saini is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India holding M.Sc. Honours degree and PhD in Biophysics from Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. During her research career, she worked on the computational study and characterization of peptides and peptoids as antimicrobial and collagen mimetics using different in silico techniques. She holds expertise in computational biology and biophysical chemistry techniques. Dr. Saini has received numerous research grants from national and international federal agencies.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

Nishikant A. Raut

Dr. Nishikant A. Raut is a Professor in the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India having 19 years of experience. He completed his master’s degree in Pharmaceutical Chemistry in 2002, and received Ph.D. degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences from RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur in 2010. He pursued Post-Doctoral Research from College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA under Raman Post-Doctoral Fellowship awarded by UGC, Govt. of India. He has received research grants from several federal funding agencies. During COVID-19 Pandemic, Dr. Raut, in the capacity of Co-PI, established and served as Nodal Officer of COVID-19 Diagnosis Centre at RTM Nagpur University.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagpur University, Nagpur, India

Sanjay J. Dhoble

Prof. Sanjay J. Dhoble is presently working as a professor in the Department of Physics at R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, India. During his research career, he has worked on the synthesis and characterization of solid-state lighting materials, as well as the development of radiation dosimetry phosphors using thermoluminescence techniques and utilization of fly ash. Dr. Dhoble has more than 780 research publications in international and national peer-reviewed journals, more than 582 research papers are published in Scopus-indexed journals. Dr. Dhoble is an Editor of the journal Luminescence.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Physics, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, India