Pheromone Biochemistry

Preface

Acknowledgments

I. Pheromone Biosynthesis and its Regulation

1. Relationship of Structure and Function to Biochemistry in Insect Pheromone Systems

I. Introduction

II. Chemical Structure of Insect Pheromone Systems

III. Behavioral and Physiological Responses of Insects to Pheromones

IV. Biochemistry of Pheromone Systems

References

2. Biology and Ultrastructure of Sex Pheromone-Producing Glands

I. Introduction

II. Elucidation of Structural Details

III. Distribution of Glands

IV. Glands of Female Lepidoptera

V. Concluding Remarks

References

3. Pheromone Biosynthesis in Lepidopterans: Desaturation and Chain Shortening

I. Introduction

II. Methodology

References

4. Pheromone Biosynthesis: Enzymatic Studies in Lepidoptera

I. Introduction

II. Biosynthesis of Long Chain Acetate Ester, Alcohol, and Aldehyde Pheromones

III. Criteria for Identification of Enzymes in Pheromone Biosynthesis

IV. Pathway for Pheromone Biosynthesis in the Spruce Budworm Moth

V. Conclusions

References

5. Endocrine Regulation of Pheromone Production in Lepidoptera

I. Introduction

II. Previous Research Findings

III. Current Research

IV. Future Research

V. Prospects and Strategies for Exploiting Neurohormonal Regulation in Insects

References

6. Biosynthesis of Pheromones and Endocrine Regulation of Pheromone Production in Coleoptera

I. Introduction

II. Mechanisms of Production

III. Manipulation of Pheromone Chirality

IV. Endocrine Regulation of Pheromone Production

V. Concluding Remarks

References

7. Biosynthesis and Endocrine Regulation of Sex Pheromone Production in Diptera

I. Introduction: Dipteran Pheromones—An Overview

II. Reproductive Biology of the Housefly

III. Housefly Sex Pheromone

IV. Endocrine Regulation of Pheromone Production

V. Biosynthesis of Sex Pheromones in Diptera

VI. Summary

References

8. Alkaloid-Derived Pheromones and Sexual Selection in Lepidoptera

I. Introduction

II. Danaidone: First Characterization of a Hairpencil Secretion (Lycorea ceres)

III. Danaidone: Proven Pheromonal Function (Danaus gilippus)

IV. Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids: Proven Defensive Role (Utetheisa ornatrix)

V. Hydroxydanaidal: Pheromonal Indicator of Systemic Alkaloid Load (Utetheisa ornatrix)

VI. Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids: Parental Transmission to Egg (Utetheisa ornatrix and Danaus gilippus)

VII. Postscript

References

9. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Sex Pheromone-Mediated Behavior in Ixodid Ticks

I. Introduction

II. Sex Pheromones of Ixodid Ticks

III. Role of Ecdysteroids in Regulating Sex Pheromone Biosynthesis in Ticks and Insects

IV. Role of Juvenile Hormone/Gonadotropic Hormone in Regulating Tick Pheromone Activity

V. Metabolism of Ecdysones in Ticks

VI. Sites of Ecdysteroid Production in Ticks

VII. 20-Hydroxyecdysone as a Component of the Genital Sex Pheromone of Ixodid Ticks

VIII. Role of Neurosecretions in Stimulating Sex Pheromone Activity

IX. Perception of Pheromones

X. Summary

References

10. Cantharidin Biosynthesis and Function in Meloid Beetles

I. Introduction

II. Methodology

III. Results

IV. Topics for Investigation

References

II. Reception and Catabolism of Pheromones

11. Functional Morphology of Pheromone-Sensitive Sensilla

I. Introduction

II. Antennal Shape, Sensillar Form and Distribution—Uptake of Pheromone Molecules

III. Fine Structure of Olfactory Hairs—Stimulus Transport to the Receptor Site

IV. Cellular Organization—Implications for Electrophysiology and Biochemistry

V. Supplementary and Concluding Remarks

References

12. The Molecular Basis of Pheromone Reception: Its Influence on Behavior

I. Introduction

II. The Animal

III. Sensory Hair Proteins

IV. Dynamic Interactions between Pheromone and Sensory Hair Proteins: Models of Pheromone Reception

V. Transductory Mechanisms

VI. Species Comparisons: The Biochemistry of Pheromone Reception in the Gypsy Moth

VII. Variation in Olfactory Proteins: Evolvable Elements Encoding Insect Behavior

VIII. The Future: The Molecular Basis of Pheromone Reception, the Molecular Basis of Behavior

References

13. The Neurobiology of Pheromone Reception

I. General Introduction

II. Types of Neurophysiological Research and Methods

III. Interpretation of Responses to Pheromone

IV. What Do Single Sensillum Responses Tell Us about Primary Chemoreceptor Processes

V. Interpretation of Electroantennograms

The Electrical Equivalent Network of Antennae

References

14. Chemical Studies of Pheromone Reception and Catabolism

I. Introduction

II. Methodology

III. Specific Examples

IV. Conclusion

References

15. Molecular Mechanisms of Vertebrate Olfaction: Implications for Pheromone Biochemistry

I. Introduction

II. Olfactory Membrane Preparations

III. Transductory Enzymes and Second Messengers

IV. Ion Channels and Their Modulation

V. Olfactory Receptor Proteins: Problems and Prospects

References

Index