Pharmaceutics

Basic Principles and Application to Pharmacy Practice

2nd Edition - September 13, 2023
Editors: Alekha Dash, Somnath Singh
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 9 7 9 6 - 6
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 9 7 9 7 - 3

Pharmaceutics: Basic Principles and Application to Pharmacy Practice, Second Edition is a valuable textbook covering the role and application of pharmaceutics within pharmacy… Read more

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Pharmaceutics: Basic Principles and Application to Pharmacy Practice, Second Edition is a valuable textbook covering the role and application of pharmaceutics within pharmacy practice. This updated resource is geared toward meeting and incorporating the current curricular guidelines on pharmaceutics and laboratory skills mandated by the American Council for Pharmacy Education. It includes a number of student-friendly features, including chapter objectives and summaries, practical examples, case studies, numerous images and key-concept text boxes. Two new chapters are included, as well as a new end of chapter section covering "critical reflections and practice applications".

Divided into three sections – Physical Principles and Properties of Pharmaceutics; Practical Aspects of Pharmaceutics; and Biological Applications of Pharmaceutics – this new edition covers all aspects of pharmaceutics and providing a single and compelling source for students.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Preface for the second edition
Acknowledgments
Part I. Physical principles and properties applicable to pharmaceutics
Chapter 1. Introduction: Terminology, Basic Mathematical Skills, and Calculations
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Review of basic mathematical skills
1.3. Graphical representation
1.4. Dimensions and units
1.5. Conclusions
Case studies
Critical reflections and practice applications
Chapter 2. Physical States and Thermodynamic Principles in Pharmaceutics
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Composition of matter
2.3. Forces of attraction and repulsion
2.4. States of matter
2.5. Thermodynamics
2.6. Basic concepts and definitions
2.7. The first law of thermodynamics
2.8. Enthalpy and heat capacity
2.9. The second law of thermodynamics
2.10. The third law of thermodynamics
2.11. Free energy and thermodynamic functions
2.12. Chemical equilibrium
2.13. Open systems
2.14. Conclusions
Case studies
Critical reflections and practice applications
Appendix 2.1. calculus review
Abbreviations
Chapter 3. Physical Properties, Their Determination, and Importance in Pharmaceutics
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Surface and interfacial tension
3.3. Adsorption
3.4. Solubilization
3.5. Rheology
3.6. Colligative properties
3.7. Osmolarity and osmolality
3.8. Solubility and solutions of nonelectrolytes
3.9. Spectroscopy
3.10. Conclusions
Case studies
Critical reflections and practice applications
Chapter 4. Equilibrium Processes in Pharmaceutics
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Gastrointestinal physiology
4.3. Ionization
4.4. Partition coefficient and lipophilicity
4.5. Equilibrium solubility
4.6. Drug dissolution and dissolution process
4.7. Factors influencing the dissolution rate
4.8. Passive diffusion
4.9. Biopharmaceutical classification system
4.10. Conclusions
Case studies
Critical reflections and practice applications
Chapter 5. Complexation and Protein Binding
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Complexes and chelates
5.3. Organic molecular complexes
5.4. Inclusion compounds
5.5. Protein binding
5.6. Factors influencing complexation and protein binding
5.7. Conclusions
Case studies
Critical reflections and practice applications
Chapter 6. Rate Processes in Pharmaceutics
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Chemical reaction kinetics
6.3. Mass transport processes
6.4. Conclusions
Case studies
Critical reflections and practice applications
Part II. Practical aspects of pharmaceutics
Chapter 7. Biopolymers
7.1. Introduction to polymers
7.2. Introduction to peptides and proteins
7.3. Introduction to oligonucleotides
7.4. Conclusions
Case studies
Critical reflections and practice applications
Chapter 8. Drug, Dosage Form, and Drug Delivery Systems
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Inactive pharmaceutical ingredients (Excipients)
8.3. Preformulation studies
8.4. Physical description
8.5. Liquid dosage forms
8.6. Solid dosage forms
8.7. Partition coefficient and pKa
8.8. Solubility
8.9. Dissolution
8.10. Polymorphism
8.11. Stability
8.12. Preformulation: physical characterization and analytical methods used [9]
8.13. Characterization techniques used in preformulation studies
8.14. Conclusions
Case studies
Critical reflections and practice applications
Chapter 9. Solid Dosage Forms
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Powders
9.3. Capsules
9.4. Tablets
9.5. Manufacture of compressed tablets
9.6. Methods used for manufacture of compressed tablets
9.7. Tablet compression and basic functional units of a tablet press
9.8. Quality control of tablet dosage form
9.9. Tablet coating
9.10. Innovation in tablet technology
9.11. Conclusions
Case studies
Critical reflection and practice applications
Chapter 10. Liquid Dosage Forms
List of abbreviations
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Selection of liquid dosage forms
10.3. Types of liquid dosage forms
10.4. General aspects of liquid dosage forms
10.5. Manufacturing processes and conditions
10.6. Packaging
10.7. Labeling
10.8. Quality assurance and quality control
10.9. Regulatory considerations
10.10. Conclusions
Case studies
Critical reflections and practice applications
Chapter 11. Aerosol Dosage Forms
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Lung anatomy
11.3. Lung physiology
11.4. Pulmonary drug targets
11.5. Pulmonary drug deposition
11.6. Therapeutic gases
11.7. Inhaled aerosols
11.8. Conclusions
Case studies
Critical reflections and practice applications
Chapter 12. Semisolid Dosage Forms
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Classification of semisolid dosage forms
12.3. Percutaneous absorption
12.4. Methods of enhancement of percutaneous absorption
12.5. Theory of semisolid dosage forms
12.6. Characterization and evaluation of semisolid dosage forms
12.7. Procedure and apparatus for diffusion experiment
12.8. Conclusions
Case studies
Critical reflections and practice applications
Chapter 13. Special Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Special dosage forms
13.3. Parenteral drug delivery
13.4. Osmotic delivery
13.5. Nanotechnology for drug delivery
13.6. Implantable drug delivery
13.7. Prodrugs
13.8. Conclusions
Case studies
Critical reflections and practice applications
Chapter 14. Emerging Therapeutics and Delivery
14.1. Introduction
14.2. siRNA, mRNA, and immunotherapy
14.3. Cell and gene therapies
14.4. Stem cell therapy: basics and clinical application
14.5. Emerging role of pharmacogenomics in precision medicine
14.6. Conclusions
Case studies
Critical reflections and practice applications
Chapter 15. Quality Assurances of Dosage Forms
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Comparison between compounded drug products versus FDA-approved drug products
15.3. Quality assurance
15.4. Analytical instruments qualification; USP <1058> [6]
15.5. Validation of compendial procedures <1225> [7,8]
15.6. Quality assurance versus quality control
15.7. Quality control requirements for pharmaceutical dosage forms
15.8. Conclusions
Case studies
Critical reflections and practice applications
Part III. Biological applications of pharmaceutics
Chapter 16. Membrane Transport and Permeation
16.1. Introduction
16.2. Cell membranes
16.3. Membrane transport
16.4. Select membrane transport systems as drug interactions
16.5. Conclusions
Case studies
Critical reflections and practice applications
Chapter 17. Factors Affecting Drug Absorption and Disposition
17.1. Introduction
17.2. Drug absorption
17.3. Oral drug absorption processes
17.4. Food effects on oral drug absorption
17.5. Evaluation of oral absorption
17.6. Drug disposition
17.7. Conclusions
Case studies
Critical reflections and practice applications
Chapter 18. Bioavailability and Bioequivalence
18.1. Introduction
18.2. Bioavailability
18.3. Factors affecting bioavailability
18.4. Bioequivalence
18.5. Conclusions
Case studies
Critical reflection and practice applications
Chapter 19. Routes of Drug Administration
19.1. Introduction
19.2. Parenteral drug administration
19.3. Transdermal drug administration
19.4. Ophthalmic drug administration
19.5. Auricular (otic) drug administration
19.6. Nasal drug administration
19.7. Pulmonary drug administration
19.8. Oral drug administration
19.9. Rectal drug administration
19.10. Vaginal drug administration
19.11. Conclusions
Case studies
Critical reflections and practice applications
Index