Pesticides in the Natural Environment
Sources, Health Risks, and Remediation
- 1st Edition - May 20, 2022
- Editors: Pardeep Singh, Suruchi Singh, Mika Sillanpää
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 4 8 9 - 6
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 4 9 0 - 2
Pesticides in the Natural Environment: Sources, Health Risks, and Remediation presents the direct and indirect impacts of the use of pesticides on the environment, human health, a… Read more
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Pesticides in the Natural Environment: Sources, Health Risks, and Remediation presents the direct and indirect impacts of the use of pesticides on the environment, human health, and agriculture. The book explores sustainable alternatives to pesticide use, along with policies for regulations and remediation techniques. Bridging the gap between regulations and the tangible environmental threat, the book proposes practical solutions while also providing important context on the hazards of pesticides. It highlights the influence on climate change, offering a holistic perspective for researchers in environmental science, policymakers, and land managers.
The book introduces pesticides and their applications, then goes on to cover their impact on various ecosystems in the natural environment. Health risks are covered, followed by various remediation techniques, such as biological processes, phytoremediation, and chemical treatments.
- Describes the impact of pesticides on the environment, human health and the food chain as well as regulations and policies to address the impact
- Presents remediation strategies and techniques for pesticides in a variety of ecosystems, along with potential alternatives
- Includes case studies to illustrate the proper management of pesticides and intervention
Researchers and policymakers working in environmental science, particularly pollution and remediation
Chapter 1: Classification of pesticides and loss of crops due to creepy crawlers
Mohd Ashraf Dar and Garima Kaushik
1 Introduction
2 Crop losses due to pests
3 Pesticide classification
4 Classification based on chemical structure
5 Organochlorine pesticides (OCP)
6 Organophosphate pesticides (OPP)
7 Carbamate pesticides
8 Pyrethroid pesticides
9 Classification based on mode of entry
9.1 Systematic pesticides
9.2 Contact pesticides
9.3 Fumigants
9.4 Stomach poisons and toxicants
9.5 Repellents
10 Classification based on target pest
11 Based on pesticide toxicity
12 Pesticide contamination, implications, and environmental impacts
13 Summary
References
Chapter 2: Ecological impacts of pesticides on soil and water ecosystems
and its natural degradation process
Mathiyazhagan Narayanan, Sabariswaran Kandasamy, Zhixia He, and Suresh Kumarasamy
1 Introduction
2 Persistence and circulation of pesticides in the ecosystem
3 Bioaccumulation of chemical pesticides in the food cycle
4 Pesticides and their mode of action
4.1 Action on nerve and muscle
4.2 Target on growth inhibition
4.3 Target on the energy source
4.4 Bioprocessing of pesticides in animals
4.5 Pesticide impacts on soil ecosystems
4.6 Pesticide impacts on water ecosystems
4.7 Impacts of pesticides on human health
4.8 Familiar pesticides and their health effects
4.9 Natural degradation process
4.10 Detoxification of pesticides by bacteria
4.11 Enzymes involved in biodegradation of pesticides
4.12 Phases of metabolism involved in degradation and detoxification of toxic metabolite
5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 3: Fate and assessment of pesticide in aquatic ecosystem
Yong Chen and Steplinpaulselvin Selvinsimpson
1 Introduction
2 Sources, forms, and occurrence of pesticides in the ecosystem
3 Environmental fate of pesticides
4 Factors that influence the assessment of aquatic pesticide pollution
5 Future recommendations
6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Fate and adverse effects of pesticides in the environment
Roberto Rico-Martı ´nez, Jesu´s Alvarado-Flores, Ignacio Alejandro PChapter 5: Towards understanding the impact of pesticides on freshwater ecosystem Chapter 6: Persistence of pesticides and their impacts on human health and environment
Priyanka Singh, Gurudatta Singh, Anubhuti Singh, and Virendra Kumar Mishra
1 Introduction
2 Classification of pesticide
3 The fate of pesticides in the environment
3.1 Pesticides in environment
3.2 Pesticides in food
3.3 Pesticides in water
4 Pesticide affecting human health
4.1 Assessment of general human health
4.2 Women
4.3 Children
5 Conclusion
6 Future prospective
References
Chapter 5: Towards understanding the impact of pesticides on freshwater ecosystem
Sami Ullah Bhat, Zareena Akhter, Mir Rohi Neelofar, and Umara Qayoom
1 Introduction
2 Routes of aquatic pesticide pollution
3 Impact of pesticide pollution on aquatic ecosystem
4 Impact of pesticides on water quality
5 Impact of pesticides on flora of aquatic ecosystem
6 Impact of pesticides on fauna of aquatic ecosystem
7 Specific impacts of different categories of pesticides on aquatic fauna
8 Response to the risks of use of pesticides
9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Persistence of pesticides and their impacts on human health and environment
Priyanka Singh, Gurudatta Singh, Anubhuti Singh, and Virendra Kumar Mishra
1 Introduction
2 Classification of pesticide
3 The fate of pesticides in the environment
3.1 Pesticides in environment
3.2 Pesticides in food
3.3 Pesticides in water
4 Pesticide affecting human health
4.1 Assessment of general human health
4.2 Women
4.3 Children
5 Conclusion
6 Future prospective
References
Chapter 7: Complex approaches to assessing the pesticides risk on human health and environment
Erika Djangalina, Nazym Altynova, Natalya Mit, and Leyla Djansugurova
1 Introduction
2 Evaluation of the effect of pesticides on genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity in laboratory conditions
3 Evaluation of pesticide genotoxicity using cytogenetic markers
4 Impacts of pesticide residues on food safety
5 Effects of pesticides on human health
6 Pesticide exposure risk assessment
6.1 Sparling: The regulatory framework for assessing risks to human health and environmental issues presented by shows
6.2 Consumption rate
6.3 Estimation of dietary exposure
6.4 Risk characterization
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 8: Neurodevelopmental and reproductive impacts of pesticides on pregnant women
Javid Manzoor, Junaid Ahmad Malik, and Khursheed Ahmad Wani
1 Introduction
2 Effect on health and reproductive life
3 Neurodevelopmental effects of OP pesticides
4 Concerns at both high and low OP exposures
5 Summary
References
Chapter 9: Pesticides and human health: The noxious impact on maternal system and fetal development
Ananya Shukla, Suramya Malhotra, Megha Kumar, and Neha Singla
1 Introduction
2 History of pesticides
3 Toxicity of common pesticides
3.1 Organophosphorous pesticides (OPs)
3.2 Carbamates
3.3 Organochlorines pesticides (OCs)
3.4 Pyrethrins and pyrethroids
4 Prevention of pesticide exposure
5 Adverse effect on human health and fetal development
5.1 Eyes
5.2 Lungs
5.3 Brain
5.4 Digestive system
5.5 Reproductive system
5.6 Maternal health
5.7 The placental barrier in pregnant women
5.8 Fetal development
6 Conclusion
7 Future prospects
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 10: Сytogenetical bioindication of pesticidal contamination
Oksana Cherednichenko, Anastassiya Pilyugina, and Serikbai Nuraliev
1 Introduction
2 Chromosomal disorders
2.1 People
2.2 Agricultural animals
2.3 Laboratory animals
3 Micronuclear analysis
3.1 Micronuclear analysis and cytological disorders in nuclear erythrocytes of animals
3.2 Micronuclear analysis and cytological disturbances in the erythrocytes of peripheral blood of mammals and human
4 Plant test systems
5 Comet-test
6 Problems and prospects of cytogenetic bioindication
References
Chapter 11: Modulation of soil microbiome and related alterations in response to pesticides
Edappayil Janeeshma, P.P. Sameena, Nair G. Sarath, Mathew Veena, and Jos T. Puthur
1 Introduction
2 Impact of pesticides on soil microbial biome
2.1 Impact of pesticides on bacterial diversity
2.2 Impact of pesticides on mycorrhizae
2.3 Impact of pesticides on microalgae
3 Pesticides and associated alterations on the metabolism of microbes
3.1 Effect on biodegradation and mineralization
3.2 Effect on phosphorus solubilization
3.3 Reverberation of pesticides on nitrogen fixation
4 Future area of research
5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 12: Botanical pesticides as alternatives for more sustainable crops and healthy foods
Jean Carlos Cardoso and Camila Rodrigues Carmello
1 Introduction
1.1 Pesticides in agriculture and the consequences of their use
2 Botanical pesticides in agriculture
2.1 Plant-based products used against insects and mites
2.2 Anti-fungal effects of botanical pesticides
2.3 Some remarks on the herbicide effect of plant extracts
3 Challenges in the use of plant-based pesticides
4 Future recommendations
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 13: The potential use of essential oils as natural biocides against plant pathogens
Mariam Nasser Aljaafari, Polly Soo Xi Yap, Rabiha Seboussi, Kok Song Lai, and Swee Hua Erin Lim
1 Introduction
1.1 Common diseases in crops
2 Biological activities of EOs
2.1 EOs with biocidal activities
2.2 EOs with antibacterial activities
3 Challenges
3.1 Non-selective action of EO
3.2 EOs effects on non-target soil microorganisms
4 Future directions
5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: Sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives to reduce the use of pesticides
Alex Vlaiculescu and Cristiano Varrone
1 Introduction
2 Advantages and disadvantages of conventional pesticides
3 Mobility of pesticides in different environments
4 Pesticide degradation and the risk of degradation products
5 Plant growth-promoting bacteria
5.1 Applications of plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)
6 Plant pathogens
7 Pesticide resistance
7.1 Changes in pesticide binding sites
7.2 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
7.3 GABA receptors and other ligand-gated chlorine channels
7.4 Voltage-dependent sodium channels
7.5 Insecticidal microbial toxins
7.6 Biotransformation
7.7 Acetylcholinesterase
7.8 Esterases
8 Alternatives to conventional pesticide use
8.1 Cultural control
8.2 Physical and mechanical control
8.3 Biological approach and biopesticides
8.4 Integrated pest management
9 A new approach for a dual function: Pesticide degradation coupled
with biological control
9.1 Pure cultures
9.2 Design of defined mixed consortia for joint pesticide degradation and biocontrol and future perspectives
References
Chapter 15: Strategies for sustainable and ecofriendly pest management in Agroecosystem
Nalini Singh Chauhan and Abhay Punia
1 Introduction: The imminent challenge to human health and ecosystem by chemical agriculture
2 Biopesticides—The future of pest control
2.1 Microbial pesticides
2.2 Plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs)
2.3 Biochemical pesticides
2.4 Vermicompost
2.5 Plant extract and essential oil-based pesticides
2.6 Neem oil as a pest control agent
3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 16: Pesticides removal from aqueous streams through anaerobic and aerobic biological treatment processes
Na´thaly Lacerda Tonon e Rocha, Paula Resende Vieira, Joa˜o Pedro Neves Goldenstein, Erimar Pontes Santiago, and Joa˜o Paulo Bassin
1 Introduction
2 Pesticides
3 Biological wastewater treatment
3.1 Activated sludge
3.2 Membrane bioreactors (MBR)
3.3 Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR)
3.4 Biological activated carbon (BAC)
3.5 Wetlands
3.6 Trickling filters
4 Pesticides removal from liquid streams through anaerobic and aerobic biological treatment processes
4.1 Biological degradation of pesticides
4.2 Pesticide removal by aerobic and anaerobic biological processes
5 Final considerations
References
Chapter 17: Metal organic frameworks for the removal of pesticides
Ahmad Reza Bagheri, Muhammad Zubair, Vineet Kumar, Pankaj Bhatt, Arpita Roy, Suresh Ghotekar, and Muhammad Bilal
1 Introduction
2 Pesticide exposure and toxicity consequences
3 Removal of pesticides by MOFs
3.1 MOFs-assisted adsorption of pesticides
3.2 MOFs-assisted degradation of pesticides
4 Mechanistic insight into MOFs and target molecules
5 Conclusion, current challenges, and future perspectives
Acknowledgment
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 18: Removal pesticides by advanced techniques based on nanomaterials
Manviri Rani, Meenu, Sudha Choudhary, and Uma Shanker
1 Introduction
2 Classification of pesticides
2.1 Type A: Based on mode of action, pesticides may be categorized into following groups
2.2 Type B: Based on chemical structures and compositions, pesticides may be categorized into the following groups
3 Environmental concerns of pesticides
4 Photocatalysis
5 Conservative adsorbents used for degradation of pesticides
6 Deprivation methodologies for pesticides
6.1 Chemical treatment techniques
6.2 Physical treatment techniques
6.3 Advanced treatment techniques base on nanomaterials
7 Degradation methods for pesticides by nanomaterials
7.1 OCs pesticides
7.2 OPs pesticides treatment
7.3 Degradation of carbamate pesticides
7.4 Degradation of miscellaneous pesticides
7.5 Degradation of pesticides via bio nanocomposite
8 Utilization of green synthesized nanomaterials
9 Conclusions and future scope
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 19: Pesticides removal techniques from the aquatic environment
Mohamed A. Hassaan, Tarik Eldeeb, and Ahmed El Nemr
1 Introduction
1.1 Types of classification of pesticides
1.2 Bio-pesticides
2 Effect of pesticides on human mankind
2.1 Risk of using pesticides
2.2 Human health
3 Removal technologies
3.1 Pesticide removal techniques
3.2 Aquatic plants remove agrochemicals
3.3 Nanotechnology in pesticides removal
3.4 Metabolic mechanism of pesticide
3.5 Microalgae-enhanced pesticide removal processes
3.6 Techniques for chemical treatment
3.7 Advanced oxidation processes
3.8 Adsorption
3.9 Treatment methods based on biology
3.10 Activated sludge under pressure
3.11 Membrane bioreactor (MBR)
3.12 Physical treatment techniques
3.13 Hybrid technologies
4 Wastewater treatment system decentralization
5 Pesticide remediation methods based on nanotechnology
5.1 Zinc oxide (ZnO) as photocatalyst
5.2 Photocatalysis
6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 20: Perspective of sustainable and intensified developments in treatment of pesticides from aqueous streams
Kailas L. Wasewar
1 Introduction
2 Pesticides
3 Sustainability
4 Process intensification
4.1 Origin
4.2 History
4.3 Concepts
4.4 Taxonomy
4.5 Sustainability and process intensification
4.6 Applications
5 Treatment approaches
5.1 Low-level pesticides waste water treatment approaches
5.2 Thermal approaches
5.3 Physical approaches
5.4 Biological approaches
5.5 Chemical approaches
5.6 Physicochemical remediation
6 Discussion
7 Conclusion and perspective
References
Chapter 21: Biomonitoring and biomarkers of pesticide exposure and human health risk assessment
V. Dhananjayan, P. Jayanthi, B. Ravichandran, and R. Jayakumar
1 Introduction
2 Biomarkers
2.1 Mechanisms of biomarker action
2.2 Bioindicators
2.3 Enzymes
2.4 Cytogenetic markers
2.5 Metabolic processes
2.6 Behavioral changes
3 Functional disorders
3.1 Biomonitoring
3.2 Biomonitoring tools
4 Data interpretation in biomonitoring studies
5 Significance of biomonitoring studies
6 Future perspectives
7 Conclusion
References
Mohd Ashraf Dar and Garima Kaushik
1 Introduction
2 Crop losses due to pests
3 Pesticide classification
4 Classification based on chemical structure
5 Organochlorine pesticides (OCP)
6 Organophosphate pesticides (OPP)
7 Carbamate pesticides
8 Pyrethroid pesticides
9 Classification based on mode of entry
9.1 Systematic pesticides
9.2 Contact pesticides
9.3 Fumigants
9.4 Stomach poisons and toxicants
9.5 Repellents
10 Classification based on target pest
11 Based on pesticide toxicity
12 Pesticide contamination, implications, and environmental impacts
13 Summary
References
Chapter 2: Ecological impacts of pesticides on soil and water ecosystems
and its natural degradation process
Mathiyazhagan Narayanan, Sabariswaran Kandasamy, Zhixia He, and Suresh Kumarasamy
1 Introduction
2 Persistence and circulation of pesticides in the ecosystem
3 Bioaccumulation of chemical pesticides in the food cycle
4 Pesticides and their mode of action
4.1 Action on nerve and muscle
4.2 Target on growth inhibition
4.3 Target on the energy source
4.4 Bioprocessing of pesticides in animals
4.5 Pesticide impacts on soil ecosystems
4.6 Pesticide impacts on water ecosystems
4.7 Impacts of pesticides on human health
4.8 Familiar pesticides and their health effects
4.9 Natural degradation process
4.10 Detoxification of pesticides by bacteria
4.11 Enzymes involved in biodegradation of pesticides
4.12 Phases of metabolism involved in degradation and detoxification of toxic metabolite
5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 3: Fate and assessment of pesticide in aquatic ecosystem
Yong Chen and Steplinpaulselvin Selvinsimpson
1 Introduction
2 Sources, forms, and occurrence of pesticides in the ecosystem
3 Environmental fate of pesticides
4 Factors that influence the assessment of aquatic pesticide pollution
5 Future recommendations
6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Fate and adverse effects of pesticides in the environment
Roberto Rico-Martı ´nez, Jesu´s Alvarado-Flores, Ignacio Alejandro PChapter 5: Towards understanding the impact of pesticides on freshwater ecosystem Chapter 6: Persistence of pesticides and their impacts on human health and environment
Priyanka Singh, Gurudatta Singh, Anubhuti Singh, and Virendra Kumar Mishra
1 Introduction
2 Classification of pesticide
3 The fate of pesticides in the environment
3.1 Pesticides in environment
3.2 Pesticides in food
3.3 Pesticides in water
4 Pesticide affecting human health
4.1 Assessment of general human health
4.2 Women
4.3 Children
5 Conclusion
6 Future prospective
References
Chapter 5: Towards understanding the impact of pesticides on freshwater ecosystem
Sami Ullah Bhat, Zareena Akhter, Mir Rohi Neelofar, and Umara Qayoom
1 Introduction
2 Routes of aquatic pesticide pollution
3 Impact of pesticide pollution on aquatic ecosystem
4 Impact of pesticides on water quality
5 Impact of pesticides on flora of aquatic ecosystem
6 Impact of pesticides on fauna of aquatic ecosystem
7 Specific impacts of different categories of pesticides on aquatic fauna
8 Response to the risks of use of pesticides
9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Persistence of pesticides and their impacts on human health and environment
Priyanka Singh, Gurudatta Singh, Anubhuti Singh, and Virendra Kumar Mishra
1 Introduction
2 Classification of pesticide
3 The fate of pesticides in the environment
3.1 Pesticides in environment
3.2 Pesticides in food
3.3 Pesticides in water
4 Pesticide affecting human health
4.1 Assessment of general human health
4.2 Women
4.3 Children
5 Conclusion
6 Future prospective
References
Chapter 7: Complex approaches to assessing the pesticides risk on human health and environment
Erika Djangalina, Nazym Altynova, Natalya Mit, and Leyla Djansugurova
1 Introduction
2 Evaluation of the effect of pesticides on genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity in laboratory conditions
3 Evaluation of pesticide genotoxicity using cytogenetic markers
4 Impacts of pesticide residues on food safety
5 Effects of pesticides on human health
6 Pesticide exposure risk assessment
6.1 Sparling: The regulatory framework for assessing risks to human health and environmental issues presented by shows
6.2 Consumption rate
6.3 Estimation of dietary exposure
6.4 Risk characterization
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 8: Neurodevelopmental and reproductive impacts of pesticides on pregnant women
Javid Manzoor, Junaid Ahmad Malik, and Khursheed Ahmad Wani
1 Introduction
2 Effect on health and reproductive life
3 Neurodevelopmental effects of OP pesticides
4 Concerns at both high and low OP exposures
5 Summary
References
Chapter 9: Pesticides and human health: The noxious impact on maternal system and fetal development
Ananya Shukla, Suramya Malhotra, Megha Kumar, and Neha Singla
1 Introduction
2 History of pesticides
3 Toxicity of common pesticides
3.1 Organophosphorous pesticides (OPs)
3.2 Carbamates
3.3 Organochlorines pesticides (OCs)
3.4 Pyrethrins and pyrethroids
4 Prevention of pesticide exposure
5 Adverse effect on human health and fetal development
5.1 Eyes
5.2 Lungs
5.3 Brain
5.4 Digestive system
5.5 Reproductive system
5.6 Maternal health
5.7 The placental barrier in pregnant women
5.8 Fetal development
6 Conclusion
7 Future prospects
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 10: Сytogenetical bioindication of pesticidal contamination
Oksana Cherednichenko, Anastassiya Pilyugina, and Serikbai Nuraliev
1 Introduction
2 Chromosomal disorders
2.1 People
2.2 Agricultural animals
2.3 Laboratory animals
3 Micronuclear analysis
3.1 Micronuclear analysis and cytological disorders in nuclear erythrocytes of animals
3.2 Micronuclear analysis and cytological disturbances in the erythrocytes of peripheral blood of mammals and human
4 Plant test systems
5 Comet-test
6 Problems and prospects of cytogenetic bioindication
References
Chapter 11: Modulation of soil microbiome and related alterations in response to pesticides
Edappayil Janeeshma, P.P. Sameena, Nair G. Sarath, Mathew Veena, and Jos T. Puthur
1 Introduction
2 Impact of pesticides on soil microbial biome
2.1 Impact of pesticides on bacterial diversity
2.2 Impact of pesticides on mycorrhizae
2.3 Impact of pesticides on microalgae
3 Pesticides and associated alterations on the metabolism of microbes
3.1 Effect on biodegradation and mineralization
3.2 Effect on phosphorus solubilization
3.3 Reverberation of pesticides on nitrogen fixation
4 Future area of research
5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 12: Botanical pesticides as alternatives for more sustainable crops and healthy foods
Jean Carlos Cardoso and Camila Rodrigues Carmello
1 Introduction
1.1 Pesticides in agriculture and the consequences of their use
2 Botanical pesticides in agriculture
2.1 Plant-based products used against insects and mites
2.2 Anti-fungal effects of botanical pesticides
2.3 Some remarks on the herbicide effect of plant extracts
3 Challenges in the use of plant-based pesticides
4 Future recommendations
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 13: The potential use of essential oils as natural biocides against plant pathogens
Mariam Nasser Aljaafari, Polly Soo Xi Yap, Rabiha Seboussi, Kok Song Lai, and Swee Hua Erin Lim
1 Introduction
1.1 Common diseases in crops
2 Biological activities of EOs
2.1 EOs with biocidal activities
2.2 EOs with antibacterial activities
3 Challenges
3.1 Non-selective action of EO
3.2 EOs effects on non-target soil microorganisms
4 Future directions
5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: Sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives to reduce the use of pesticides
Alex Vlaiculescu and Cristiano Varrone
1 Introduction
2 Advantages and disadvantages of conventional pesticides
3 Mobility of pesticides in different environments
4 Pesticide degradation and the risk of degradation products
5 Plant growth-promoting bacteria
5.1 Applications of plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)
6 Plant pathogens
7 Pesticide resistance
7.1 Changes in pesticide binding sites
7.2 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
7.3 GABA receptors and other ligand-gated chlorine channels
7.4 Voltage-dependent sodium channels
7.5 Insecticidal microbial toxins
7.6 Biotransformation
7.7 Acetylcholinesterase
7.8 Esterases
8 Alternatives to conventional pesticide use
8.1 Cultural control
8.2 Physical and mechanical control
8.3 Biological approach and biopesticides
8.4 Integrated pest management
9 A new approach for a dual function: Pesticide degradation coupled
with biological control
9.1 Pure cultures
9.2 Design of defined mixed consortia for joint pesticide degradation and biocontrol and future perspectives
References
Chapter 15: Strategies for sustainable and ecofriendly pest management in Agroecosystem
Nalini Singh Chauhan and Abhay Punia
1 Introduction: The imminent challenge to human health and ecosystem by chemical agriculture
2 Biopesticides—The future of pest control
2.1 Microbial pesticides
2.2 Plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs)
2.3 Biochemical pesticides
2.4 Vermicompost
2.5 Plant extract and essential oil-based pesticides
2.6 Neem oil as a pest control agent
3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 16: Pesticides removal from aqueous streams through anaerobic and aerobic biological treatment processes
Na´thaly Lacerda Tonon e Rocha, Paula Resende Vieira, Joa˜o Pedro Neves Goldenstein, Erimar Pontes Santiago, and Joa˜o Paulo Bassin
1 Introduction
2 Pesticides
3 Biological wastewater treatment
3.1 Activated sludge
3.2 Membrane bioreactors (MBR)
3.3 Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR)
3.4 Biological activated carbon (BAC)
3.5 Wetlands
3.6 Trickling filters
4 Pesticides removal from liquid streams through anaerobic and aerobic biological treatment processes
4.1 Biological degradation of pesticides
4.2 Pesticide removal by aerobic and anaerobic biological processes
5 Final considerations
References
Chapter 17: Metal organic frameworks for the removal of pesticides
Ahmad Reza Bagheri, Muhammad Zubair, Vineet Kumar, Pankaj Bhatt, Arpita Roy, Suresh Ghotekar, and Muhammad Bilal
1 Introduction
2 Pesticide exposure and toxicity consequences
3 Removal of pesticides by MOFs
3.1 MOFs-assisted adsorption of pesticides
3.2 MOFs-assisted degradation of pesticides
4 Mechanistic insight into MOFs and target molecules
5 Conclusion, current challenges, and future perspectives
Acknowledgment
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 18: Removal pesticides by advanced techniques based on nanomaterials
Manviri Rani, Meenu, Sudha Choudhary, and Uma Shanker
1 Introduction
2 Classification of pesticides
2.1 Type A: Based on mode of action, pesticides may be categorized into following groups
2.2 Type B: Based on chemical structures and compositions, pesticides may be categorized into the following groups
3 Environmental concerns of pesticides
4 Photocatalysis
5 Conservative adsorbents used for degradation of pesticides
6 Deprivation methodologies for pesticides
6.1 Chemical treatment techniques
6.2 Physical treatment techniques
6.3 Advanced treatment techniques base on nanomaterials
7 Degradation methods for pesticides by nanomaterials
7.1 OCs pesticides
7.2 OPs pesticides treatment
7.3 Degradation of carbamate pesticides
7.4 Degradation of miscellaneous pesticides
7.5 Degradation of pesticides via bio nanocomposite
8 Utilization of green synthesized nanomaterials
9 Conclusions and future scope
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 19: Pesticides removal techniques from the aquatic environment
Mohamed A. Hassaan, Tarik Eldeeb, and Ahmed El Nemr
1 Introduction
1.1 Types of classification of pesticides
1.2 Bio-pesticides
2 Effect of pesticides on human mankind
2.1 Risk of using pesticides
2.2 Human health
3 Removal technologies
3.1 Pesticide removal techniques
3.2 Aquatic plants remove agrochemicals
3.3 Nanotechnology in pesticides removal
3.4 Metabolic mechanism of pesticide
3.5 Microalgae-enhanced pesticide removal processes
3.6 Techniques for chemical treatment
3.7 Advanced oxidation processes
3.8 Adsorption
3.9 Treatment methods based on biology
3.10 Activated sludge under pressure
3.11 Membrane bioreactor (MBR)
3.12 Physical treatment techniques
3.13 Hybrid technologies
4 Wastewater treatment system decentralization
5 Pesticide remediation methods based on nanotechnology
5.1 Zinc oxide (ZnO) as photocatalyst
5.2 Photocatalysis
6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 20: Perspective of sustainable and intensified developments in treatment of pesticides from aqueous streams
Kailas L. Wasewar
1 Introduction
2 Pesticides
3 Sustainability
4 Process intensification
4.1 Origin
4.2 History
4.3 Concepts
4.4 Taxonomy
4.5 Sustainability and process intensification
4.6 Applications
5 Treatment approaches
5.1 Low-level pesticides waste water treatment approaches
5.2 Thermal approaches
5.3 Physical approaches
5.4 Biological approaches
5.5 Chemical approaches
5.6 Physicochemical remediation
6 Discussion
7 Conclusion and perspective
References
Chapter 21: Biomonitoring and biomarkers of pesticide exposure and human health risk assessment
V. Dhananjayan, P. Jayanthi, B. Ravichandran, and R. Jayakumar
1 Introduction
2 Biomarkers
2.1 Mechanisms of biomarker action
2.2 Bioindicators
2.3 Enzymes
2.4 Cytogenetic markers
2.5 Metabolic processes
2.6 Behavioral changes
3 Functional disorders
3.1 Biomonitoring
3.2 Biomonitoring tools
4 Data interpretation in biomonitoring studies
5 Significance of biomonitoring studies
6 Future perspectives
7 Conclusion
References
- Edition: 1
- Published: May 20, 2022
- Language: English
PS
Pardeep Singh
Dr Pardeep Singh is presently working as an Assistant Professor at the Department of Environmental Science, PGDAV College, University of Delhi, India. He obtained his master's degree from the Department of Environmental Science at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi India in 2011. He obtained his doctorate from the Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi in the year 2017. The area of his doctoral research is the degradation of organic pollutants through various indigenous isolated microbes and by using various types of photocatalytic. He has published more than 35 papers in international journals in the field of waste management.
Affiliations and expertise
Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Science, PGDAV College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, IndiaSS
Suruchi Singh
Dr. Suruchi Singh is presently working as Faculty in the Department of Botany, Sunbeam College for Women, India. She obtained her PhD from Banaras Hindu University, India in Botany with Environmental Science as major field. Dr Singh received her postdoctoral experiences in Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research and Department of Science and Technology. She has published articles in various international journals and books series (>40 peer reviewed articles). In her research, she has identified processes and activities where environmental efficiencies of selected crop plants must be increased against UV-B and tropospheric Ozone.
Affiliations and expertise
Assistant Professor, Sunbeam College for Women, Varanasi, IndiaMS
Mika Sillanpää
Mika Sillanpää’s research work centers on chemical treatment in environmental engineering and environmental monitoring and analysis. The recent research focus has been on the resource recovery from waste streams.
Sillanpää received his M.Sc. (Eng.) and D.Sc. (Eng.) degrees from the Aalto University where he also completed an MBA degree in 2013. Since 2000, he has been a full professor/adjunct professor at the University of Oulu, the University of Eastern Finland, the LUT University, the University of Eastern Finland and the University of Johannesburg.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor, University of Johannesburg., South AfricaRead Pesticides in the Natural Environment on ScienceDirect