Personality Development Across the Lifespan

Part One: Introduction

1. Personality development research: State-of-the-art and future directions

• A new focus: from stability to changeability of personality traits
• Central topics within the personality development literature
• References

Part Two: Personality Development in Different Life Phases

2. Personality development in childhood

• Abstract
• Big Five personality traits in childhood
• Hierarchical structure of personality in childhood
• Developmental trajectory of personality traits in childhood
• Conclusion and future directions
• References

3. Personality development in adolescence

• Abstract
• Personality trait taxonomies and classification schemes
• Predictors and correlates of Big Five trait change during adolescence
• Narcissistic ideation in adolescent development
• Conclusion and future directions
• References

4. Personality development in emerging adulthood

• Abstract
• What is emerging adulthood?
• Personality trait development in young adulthood
• Is personality maturation attenuated during emerging adulthood?
• Does openness to experience increase during emerging adulthood?
• Concluding remarks
• References

5. Personality development in adulthood and old age

• Abstract
• Measuring personality change
• Age effects on personality across adulthood and old age
• Summary and outlook
• Acknowledgment
• References

6. On the role of personality in late life

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Personality as an antecedent and buffer of late-life decline
• Stability and change in personality as a consequence of late-life decline
• What is adaptive personality development in late life?
• Conclusion
• References

Part Three: Theoretical Perspectives on Personality Development

7. Five-Factor Theory and personality development

• Abstract
• Five-Factor Theory and personality development
• Telling the difference between basic tendencies and characteristic adaptations
• Conclusion
• Acknowledgment
• References

8. Theoretical perspectives on the interplay of nature and nurture in personality development

• Abstract
• Genetic and environmental variance in personality characteristics
• Genetic and environmental causation inside and outside the organism
• Genotype–environment interplay in personality development
• Conclusion
• Funding
• References

9. Set-Point Theory and personality development: Reconciliation of a paradox

• Abstract
• Personality: Developmental perspectives
• Subjective well-being and set-point theory
• Immutable, experience-dependent, and mixed set-point models
• Theories to explain set-point change
• Future directions
• Conclusion
• References

10. Evolutionary aspects of personality development: Evidence from nonhuman animals

• Abstract
• Personality development in nonhuman animals
• References

11. A critical evaluation of the Neo-Socioanalytic Model of personality

• Abstract
• The Neo-Socioanalytic Model
• Why did we, and do we, need the Neo-Socioanalytic Model?
• Evaluating the Neo-Socioanalytic Model
• Mechanisms of continuity and change
• Clarifying terminological heterogeneity and future directions
• References

Part Four: Important Personality Characteristics and Their Development

12. The lifespan development of self-esteem

• Abstract
• The self-esteem trajectory across the lifespan
• The stability of individual differences in self-esteem
• The effects of self-esteem on important life outcomes
• Concluding remarks
• References

13. The development of subjective well-being

• Abstract
• Defining and measuring SWB
• SWB in childhood and adolescence
• SWB in adulthood
• Mechanisms of the development of SWB
• Conclusion
• References

14. Getting older, getting better? Toward understanding positive personality development across adulthood

• Abstract
• An integrative framework for studying two types of positive personality development
• Adjustment and growth: comparison with other theoretical approaches
• Lifespan trajectories of personality adjustment and growth
• Antecedents and mechanisms of change in personality adjustment and growth
• Conclusion and outlook
• References

15. The development of perceived control

• Abstract
• What is perceived control?
• Why is it important to study perceived control?
• How does perceived control develop and change across the lifespan?
• Antecedents of perceived control
• Conclusion
• References

16. The development of goals and motivation

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Age-related expectations as guidelines for managing one’s life across the life span
• Goal content across adulthood
• Increasing selectivity in old age
• Goal orientation: from achieving gains to preventing losses
• Goal focus: the path or the end?
• The importance of goal disengagement
• Implicit motives across the life span
• Final remarks
• References

17. The development of attachment styles

• Abstract
• The basics of attachment theory
• How do individual differences develop in early childhood? Theory and research
• Processes that promote continuity: Theory and research
• Processes that promote change: Theory and research
• New directions
• Summary
• References

18. Identity formation in adolescence and young adulthood

• Abstract
• Identity development: General trends, developmental heterogeneity, and possible mechanisms
• Associations of identity with adolescent and young adult functioning
• Linkages with personality trait development
• Identity and personality pathology
• Conclusion
• References

19. Development of cognition and intelligence

• Abstract
• Multidirectionality of normative change in cognition across the lifespan
• Individual differences of cognitive development across the lifespan
• Malleability of cognitive development across the lifespan
• Conclusion and future directions
• References

20. And the story evolves: The development of personal narratives and narrative identity

• Abstract
• Personality development at three levels
• The development of narrative identity: Childhood through adolescence
• Narrative identity in adulthood
• The evolution of the story: Stability or change?
• How the story evolves in relation to other levels of personality and earlier developments
• Conclusion
• Acknowledgment
• References

Part Five: Personality Development in Context

21. Personality development in reaction to major life events

• Abstract
• Theoretical perspectives: why should personality change due to major life events?
• Methodological perspectives: how can personality changes be traced back to life events?
• Major life event research in the tradition of the stress literature
• The impact of life events in the occupational, social, and health domain
• Conclusion and future directions
• Acknowledgment
• References

22. Personality development in close relationships

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Close relationships
• Summary
• Conclusion
• References

23. Personality development and health

• Abstract
• Health interventions
• Disease or illness onset
• Naturalistic changes in personality and health
• Joint development of personality and health
• Mechanisms relating personality development and health status
• Future directions for the study of personality development and health
• Conclusion
• References

24. Personality development and psychopathology

• Abstract
• Preamble
• Taxonomic work
• Work in progress: An integrative developmental framework
• Some challenges
• References

25. Vocational interests as personality traits: Characteristics, development, and significance in educational and organizational environments

• Abstract
• Introduction
• The theory of vocational personalities and working environments
• Vocational interests and career choices
• Development and change in vocational interests across the life span
• Vocational interests as personality traits
• References

26. Intercultural similarities and differences in personality development

• Abstract
• Integrating research on culture and personality
• The cultural psychological perspective
• Frameworks for studying culture and personality
• Personality development across cultures
• Early childhood
• Personality development in young, middle, and older adulthood
• Future directions in personality development across cultures
• Conclusion
• References

Part Six: Methods in Research on Personality Development

27. Personality assessment in daily life: A roadmap for future personality development research

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Conceptualizing personality
• Contextualizing personality
• Assessing personality in daily life contexts
• Future directions
• Conclusion
• References

28. Analyzing processes in personality development

• Abstract
• Understanding processes in personality development: A generic model
• Three domains of state processes
• State processes and personality trait stability and change
• Linking macro- and micro-perspectives on personality development processes
• Assessing processes in personality development
• Methodological challenges
• Conclusion
• References

29. Behavior genetics and personality development: A methodological and meta-analytic review

• Abstract
• The nature of personality characteristics
• Genetic and environmental variation in personality traits
• Genetic and environmental contributions to personality differences across the lifespan
• Stability of genetic and environmental differences in personality across the lifespan
• Genetic and environmental contributions to personality stability across the lifespan
• Conclusion
• Funding
• References

30. Analyzing personality change: From average trajectories to within-person dynamics

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Static models for the analysis of personality change
• Dynamic models for the analysis of personality change
• Accounting for heterogeneity: Toward a within-person perspective
• Discussion
• References
• Appendix A
• Appendix B

Part Seven: New Areas of Research on Personality Development

31. Cohort differences in personality

• Abstract
• What are cohort differences and how can we study them?
• Why can we expect cohort differences in personality?
• What is known about cohort differences in personality?
• Open questions
• Conclusion
• References

32. Development of implicit personality

• Abstract
• The automaticity of personality
• Dual-process conceptions
• Measuring implicit personality traits
• Convergent validity
• Retest reliability and stability
• Future directions
• Questions to be addressed
• Conclusion
• References

33. Volitional personality change

• Abstract
• Do people want to change their personality traits?
• Why do people want to change their personality traits?
• Can people volitionally change their personality traits?
• Adult personality development
• Volitional trait change
• How can people change their own personality traits?
• What are the implications of volitional personality change?
• Future directions
• Methodological issues
• Theoretical issues
• Conclusion
• References
• Appendix. Change Goals Big Five Inventory (C-BFI;)