Parasitic Protozoa

Contributors

Preface to the Second Edition

Preface to the First Edition

Chapter I Avian Coccidiosis

I. Introduction: Significance of the Avian Coccidia

II· Taxonomy and Nomenclature

III. Basic Life Cycles

A. Stages in the Life Cycle

B. Summary of the Life Cycle of a Typical Eimeria: A Homoxenous Life Cycle

C. The Unique Aspects of the Life Cycle of Crytosporidium: A Homoxenous Parasite Capable of Autoinfection of its Host

IV. The Coccidia of Avian Hosts

A. The Classic Coccidia

B. Avian Cryptosporidiosis

C. Avian Toxoplasmosis

V. Genetics of Coccidia

A. Sex Differentiation and Cloning

B. Strain Variation in Coccidial Virulence

C. Cross Fertilization

D. Precocious Development

VI. Host Specificity of Coccidia

VII. Site Specificity of Coccidia

VIII. Viablility of Coccidial Oocysts

IX. Metabolism of Coccidia

X. Pathophysiological Changes Induced by Infection with Coccidia

XI. Effects of Dose and Frequency of Dosing of Oocysts on Coccidial Disease

XII. Effects of Age of Host on Coccidiosis

XIII. Effects of Enteric Bacteria and Nutritional Status of the Host on Coccidiosis

XIV. Interactions with Viruses

XV. Interactions Between Species of Eimeria

XVI. Immunity Against Eimeria Infection

A. Endogenous Stages Initiating the Immune Response

B. Stages Affected by the Immune Response

C. Duration of the Immune Response

D. Immunization Using Various Routes of Inoculation

E. Mechanisms Using Various Routes of Inoculation

F. Practical Aspects of Immunity to Coccidia

XVII. Immunization Against Coccidiosis

A. Attenuation of Eimeria

B. Immunization of Chickens by Induction of Infection and by Administration of Parasite Antigens

XVIII. Control by Chemotherapy

A. History of Medication Against Coccidiosis

B. Types of Drugs Used

C. Prospects for Future Chemotherapeutic and Other Forms of Control of Coccidiosis

D. Economic Aspects of Chemotherapy

References

Chapter 2 Coccidia of Mammals

I. Introduction

II. Life Cycles

A. Sporogony

B. Excystation

C. Endogenous Development

D. Host Specificity

III. Coccidiosis of Man and Domestic Mammals

A. Humans

B. Nonhuman Primates

C. Horses

D. Cattle

E. Sheep

F. Goats

G. Pigs

H. Dogs

I. Cats

J. Laboratory Mice

K. Laboratory Rats

L. Laboratory Rabbits

M. Other Laboratory Animals

IV. Ultrastructure and Cell Penetration

A. Ultrastructure of Motile Stages

B. Ultrastructure of Merogonic Stages

C. Ultrastructure of Gamogonic Stages

D. Host Cell Penetration

V. Development in Vitro

A. Cell Cultures

B. Avian Embryos

VI. Immunity

A. Antigens

B. Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibodies

C. Cell-Mediated Immunity

VII. Caryospora: Unusual Coccidians

A. Life Cycle of Caryospora

B. Disease in Primary Hosts

C. Disease in Secondary Hosts

D. Naturally Occuring Caryospora Infections in Dogs

VIII. Summary and Conclusions

References

Chapter 3 The Gregarines

I. Introduction

II. Life Cycle of an Eugregarine and the Different Types of Trophozoites

A. Life Cycle of an Eugregarine

B. Different Types of Trophozoites

III. Cellular and Molecular Organization of the Different Stages

A. Molecular Organization of the Cell Cortex of Trophozoites

B. The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility of Trophozoites

C. The Relation of Diversity of the Trophozoite Apex Gregarine Attachment and Nutrition

D. Cytoplasmic Organelles of Trophozoites

E. Syzygy and Cell Recognition Between Gomants

F. Gamogony

G. Gametes and Fecondation: Variations of 9 + 0, 6 + 0, or 3 + 0 Axonemal Patterns in the Flagella in Male Gametes

H. Sporogony

I. The Use of the Characteristics of "Sporokysts" and Sporocysts as Criteria for the taxonomy of Gregarines

J. Transition from Sporozoite to Trophozoite in Eugregarines

IV. Host-Parasite Interactions: Exuberance of Gregarines

A. Behavior of Gregarines

B. Electrophysiological Properties of the Trophozoite Cortical Membranes

C. Endosymbionts and Hyperparasitemia

D. Experimental Control of Gregarine Life Cycles

E. Correlations Between the Host and Parasite Life Cycles and Chronology of Gregarine Life Cycles

V. Schizogony and Taxonomy of Gregarines

A. Status of the Selenidiidae and Definition of the Archigregarines

B. Schizogony and Neogregarines

VI. Conclusion

References

Chapter 4 The Haemogregarinidae and Lankesterellidae

I. Introduction

II. The Haemogregarinidae

A. Taxonomy

B. Morphology

C.Life Cycles

D. Pathogenesis

III. The Lankesterellidae

A. Taxonomy

B. Morphology

C. Life Cycles

IV. Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 5 The Genera Leucocytozoon, Haemoproteus, and Hepatocystis

I. Introduction

II. The Taxonomy of the Haemosporina/Haemospororida

III. Leucocytozoon, Sambon, 1908

A. Morphology and Life Cycles

B. Pathology

V. Haemoproteus, Kruse, 1890

A. Morphology and Life Cycles

B. Pathology

V. The Prevalence and Epizootiology of Avian Haematozoa with Special Reference to Leucocytozoon and Haemoproteus

VI. Hepatocystis, Levaditi and Schoen, 1932, emend, Garnham, 1951

A. Morphology and Life Cycles

B. Vectors and Ecology of Hepatocystis Kochi

C. Pathology

VII. Summary 304

References

Index