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Organometallic Luminescence

A Case Study on Alq3, an OLED Reference Material

  • 1st Edition - October 26, 2020
  • Latest edition
  • Author: Giuseppe Baldacchini
  • Language: English

Organometallic Luminescence: A Case Study of Alq3, an OLED Reference Material contains many discoveries on Alq3, an important organometallic material to the optoelectronics commun… Read more

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Description

Organometallic Luminescence: A Case Study of Alq3, an OLED Reference Material contains many discoveries on Alq3, an important organometallic material to the optoelectronics community that includes insights that can be applied to other organic compounds. The book contains groundbreaking research from the author’s own investigation into the Alq3 material that is based on years of experiments, the results of which initially escaped any logical explanation. The book describes a simple method based on photoluminescence to observe optical properties in Alq3, also covering the optical properties of absorption and long decay from theoretical and experimental perspectives.

Key features

  • Considers both theoretical and experimental measurements and an analysis of the optical properties of a key OLED reference material
  • Includes detailed experimental data and a large number of tables and figures
  • Describes and applies the photoluminescence method of considering the optical properties of Alq3 that can be applied to other optoelectronics materials

Readership

Early career and advanced researchers focused on the theoretical and experimental aspects of optoelectronics research

Table of contents

  1. Introduction to the Properties of Alq3
    1.1. Optical Properties of Organic Molecules

    1.2. Organic Molecules and Optoelectronics Applications

    1.3. Chemical and Physical Properties of the Alq3 Molecule

    1.4. Preliminary Experiments on Random Alq3 Films

    1.5. Optical Properties on Planned Alq3 Thin Films
  2. Experimental Methods in Alq3 Thin Films Research

    2.1. Samples Preparation, Characterization and Storage

    2.2. Mechanical and Optical Properties

    2.3. Transmission and Absorption Spectra

    2.4. Emission Spectra

  3. Optical Absorption of Alq3 Thin Films

    3.1. Absorption Spectra and Annealin

    3.2. Absorption Spectra and Time Evolution

  4. Experimental Emission of Alq3 Thin Films

    4.1. Emission Spectra During Annealing

    4.2. Emission Spectra During Decay

    4.3. More on Emission Spectra During Decay

    4.4. Emission versus Absorption and Summing Up

  5. Emission Phenomenology up to 10,000 Hours

    5.1. Emission Decay Behavior up to 10,000 Hours

    5.2. Four Components Model and Emission Intensity up to 10,000 Hours

    5.3. Four Components Model and Emission Bands

    5.4. Four Emission Bands

    5.5. Peak Wavelength and Linewidth of the Emission Bands

  6. New Morphology and Phase Transition

    6.1. Emission Band During Annealing

    6.2. Thermally Activated Process and Phase Transition

    6.3. Four Components Model and Emission Band Lineshape

    6.4. Four Components Model and Emission Band Intensity

    6.5. Four Components Model and Structure of Films

  7. Emission Spectra up to 50,000 Hours

    7.1. Emission Spectra and Time Evolution up to 50,000 Hours

    7.2. Four Components Model and Emission Intensity up to 50,000 Hours

    7.3. Singular Behavior of Sample alq64-1

  8. Emission up to 50,000 HHHours and Stretching

    8.1. Emission Intensity and Stretched Exponentials

    8.2. Stretching and Sample alq64-1

    8.3. Photoluminescence Data and Their Experimental Consistency

    8.4. Experimental Data and Four Components Model Theory

  9. Zero and First Order Kinetics

    9.1. Kinetic Approach and Preliminary Analysis

    9.2. Experimental and Kinetic Approach

    9.3. Analysis of the Kinetic Approach

    9.4. Effects of the 0th Order Constant on Photoluminescence

  10. Discussion

    10.1. Preliminary Optical Studies

    10.2. Photoluminescence and Four Components Model

    10.3. Surface Molecules of Component 1

    10.4. Stretched Four Components Model, 0th & 1st Order Kinetics, and Free Radicals

    10.5. Number of Alq3 Molecules and Free Radicals

    10.6. 0th & 1st Order Kinetics at a Glance and Annealing

    10.7. Usefulness, Limitations and Shortcomings of Absorption Measurements

    10.8. Comparison with Literature

  11. Conclusions

Appendix A: Simulation and Statistical Parameters

Appendix B: Cartesian Representations and One and Two Exponential Functions

Appendix C: A New Absorption Analysis

Review quotes

"This book of 352 pages, well written in English and nicely illustrated by numerous figures, contains a rich and didactical exposition of the experimental data and their analyses highlighting unseen results and many discoveries on Alq3, an important organometallic material to the optoelectronics community. Alq3 is widely used in organic light- emitting diodes (OLEDs), now commonplace in our daily lives, an inspiring invention in the vast field of display technology, as an electron- transport material and emitting layer material due to its high thermal stability, high quantum yield of fluorescence and high electron- transport ability.
Especially, the original idea of the presentation has been to show groundbreaking research from the author’s own investigation into the Alq3 material that is based on years of experiments, the results of which initially escaped any logical explanation. The book describes a simple method based on photoluminescence to observe complex optical properties in Alq3, also covering the optical properties of absorption, emission and long decay from theoretical and experimental perspectives with impressive details in each chapter. Most of all, this book intended for a wide audience will prove useful to students of Material Science and Engineering at all levels, and also all researchers involved in different types of optoelectronics materials. It will inspire probably the further study and appreciation of many contributions.
The author, Dr. Giuseppe Baldacchini, a retired physicist formerly affiliated to the Research Center of ENEA at Frascati (Italy), where he has developed predominantly his research activities, as well as with the Universities of Berkeley and Salt Lake City, is a leading figure in the study of optical properties of color centers in inorganic and organic solid state. The most important techniques have been used to analyse absorption, emission, lifetimes of the excited levels and dynamical processes of luminescence properties under various conditions. For more than a half-century, Dr. Giuseppe Baldacchini has contributed greatly to the Science of Materials. He is widely known and respected as an innovator and educator, a scientist with an enormous breadth of interest and depth of insight. I had the privilege to meet him almost every year, since 1983, at the International School of Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy at Erice (Sicily, Italy) headed by Prof. Di Bartolo, and then having attended each of his lectures I am the witness of all his efforts in the knowledge of Alq3 organometallic luminescence, the purpose of this book. His own teaching skills and his capacity to convince the audience of the School could benefit from the same approach by reading this book on the evaluation of the complex optical properties of Alq3 through the photoluminescence method.
Finally, we can say that the genesis of the 'Four components model' adopted in all the chapters of this book, allowing to reach some valuable conclusion, is a good example of the profound insight needed by luminescence researchers and should be known by the greatest number of us."—Societa Italiana De Fisica (Italian Physical Society)

"This book is a unique reference book on Alq3 materials. It includes lists of references for further study and loads of graphical data showing the properties obtained for Alq3 under various conditions. Those readers interested in OLED materials, specifically Alq3 OLED materials, would enjoy this book. "—IEEE

Product details

  • Edition: 1
  • Latest edition
  • Published: October 28, 2020
  • Language: English

About the author

GB

Giuseppe Baldacchini

Dr. Giuseppe Baldacchini is a retired researcher formerly affiliated with the Research Center of ENEA at Frascati. His research activities were predominantly based at ENEA, Universities of Berkeley and Salt Lake City. He holds multiple patents and has authored several scientific papers in EPR, NMR, cryogenics, magneto-optics, color centers, solid state, molecular spectroscopy, optoelectronics and luminous processes. He is also involved with historical, archeological, humanistic, and medical studies.
Affiliations and expertise
Formerly Researcher, Research Center of ENEA, Frascati

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