Organized Multienzyme Systems: Catalytic Properties

Contributors

Preface

Chapter 1. Organization of Proteins within the Mitochondrion

I. Biological Organization

II. The Mitochondrion

III. Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 2. Catalytic Facilitation and Membrane Bioenergetics

I. Introduction

II. Structural Dynamics of Energy-Coupling Membranes

III. Protonmotive Functions of Electron Transport and ATP Synthase Complexes

IV. The Protonmotive Force as an Intermediate in Electron-Transport Phosphorylation?

V. The Effectiveness of Reconstituted Systems in Catalyzing ATP Synthesis

VI. How Then Might Energy Coupling Proceed?

VII. Protoneural Proteins?

VIII. Mechanisms of Uncoupling

IX. Control Theoretical View of Energy Coupling

X. On the "Organization" of Energy-Coupling Membranes and Other Organized Multienzyme Systems

References

Chapter 3. Dynamic Compartmentation in Soluble Multienzyme Systems

I. Introduction

II. Macrocompartments versus Microcompartments

III. Static versus Dynamic Compartments

IV. Evidence for Structural Enzyme Organization in Glycolysis

V. Models of Dynamic Compartmentation in Soluble Enzyme Systems

VI. Summary and Perspectives

References

Chapter 4. Organized Polymeric Enzyme Systems: Catalytic Properties

I. Introduction

II. Protein Flexibility as the Prima Ratio of Allosteric Enzyme Behavior

III. Phenomenology of Multiple Ligand Binding to Enzymes

IV. The Concerted and the Induced-Fit Models of Ligand Binding

V. Phenomenological Kinetics of Allosteric Enzymes

VI. Thermodynamics of Subunit Interactions and the Principles of Structural Kinetics

VII. Structural Formulation of Steady-State Enzyme Reaction Rates and Equilibrium Ligand Binding Isotherms

VIII. The Antagonism between Substrate Binding and Enzyme Reaction Rate

IX. The Evolution of Enzyme Flexibility and Cooperativity

X. Conclusions

References

Chapter 5. Control of Enzyme Activity in Reversibly Adsorptive Enzyme Systems

I. Introduction

II. Experimental Data Supporting the Concept That Enzymes May Be Adsorbed to Subcellular Structures under Physiological Conditions

III. Types of Reversibly Adsorptive Enzyme Systems

IV. Characteristics of Reversibly Adsorptive Enzyme Systems

V. Changes in Catalytic and Regulatory Properties of Enzymes by Their Adsorption

VI. Influence of Specific Ligands on Adsorption of Enzymes

VII. Physiological Significance of Reversible Adsorption of Enzymes

VIII. Conclusion

References

Chapter 6. Models of Organized Multienzyme Systems: Use in Microenvironmental Characterization and in Practical Application

I. Introduction

II. Model Systems of Enzyme Sequences

III. Role of Immobilized Enzyme Systems in the Interpretation of Microenvironmental Compartmentation in Vivo

IV. Practical Applications of Immobilized Enzyme Sequences

V. Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 7. Kinetic Analysis of Multienzyme Systems in Homogeneous Solution

I. Introduction

II. Unimolecular Unidirectional Closed Systems

III. Unimolecular Bidirectional Closed Systems

IV. Coupled Enzyme Systems—Polynomial Solutions

V. Coupled Enzyme Systems—Approximations

VI. Other Features of Coupled Enzyme Systems

VII. Coupled Enzymes in the Pre-Steady State

VIII. Parameter Estimation in Systems of Differential Equations

IX. Conclusion

References

Chapter 8. Theoretical and Experimental Studies on the Behavior of Immobilized Multienzyme Systems

I. Introduction

II. General Theoretical Treatment of Diffusion Reactions

III. Experimental Studies

IV. Conclusion and Perspectives

References

Chapter 9. Long-Range Energy Continua and the Coordination of Multienzyme Sequences in Vivo

I. Introduction

II. Transduction and Conservation of Chemical Free Energy within Multienzyme Aggregates

III. Enzymes: Biochemical Electrodes and Protodes

IV. An Electrochemical Interpretation of Metabolism

V. Long-Range Energy Continua and Metabolic Regulation

VI. Concluding Remarks

References

Index