Opioid Peptides: Biology, Chemistry, and Genetics

Contributors

Preface

Introduction

Nomenclature and Abbreviations

Structures of Opiates and Related Nonpeptide Receptor Ligands Discussed in the Text

Opioid Peptides with Special Names

Contents of Previous Volumes

Chapter 1 Opioid Peptide Precursors and Their Genes

I Introduction

II Cloning of cDNAs for Opioid Peptide Precursors

III Nucleotide Sequences of mRNAs Encoding Opioid Peptide Precursors and Assignment of Protein Sequences

IV Cloning and Structural Analysis of Opioid Peptide Precursor Genes

V Regulation of Gene Expression

VI Biological Significance of Multihormone Precursors

VII Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 2 Proenkephalin and the Products of Its Processing: Chemistry and Biology

I Introduction

II Methodology

III Isolation and Characterization of Enkephalin-Containing Peptides

IV Conclusions from Peptide and Protein Chemistry

V Molecular Biology

VI Evidence for Posttranslational Modifications

VII Distributions of Proenkephalin and Its Products

VIII Biological Considerations

IX Regulation of Proenkephalin Biosynthesis

X Processing of Proenkephalin

XI Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 3 Pro-opiomelanocortin: A Polyprotein at the Interface of Endocrine and Nervous Systems

I Introduction

II Structure of the Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) Polypeptide Precursor and Its Corresponding Gene

III Regulation of Pro-opiomelanocortin-Derived Peptide Production

IV Posttranslation Regulation of Production of Pro-opiomelanocortin-Derived Peptide

V Conclusion

References

Chapter 4 Biology and Chemistry of the Dynorphin Peptides

I History

II Distribution

III The Dynorphin (Kappa Opioid) Receptor

IV Possible Physiologic Functions

V Prospects

References

Chapter 5 Opioid Receptors

I Introduction

II Heterogeneity of Opioid Receptors

III Endogenous Opioid Peptides

IV Isolation of Opioid Receptors

V Conclusions

References

Chapter 6 ß-Endorphin: Structure and Activity

I Introduction

II Synthesis of ß-Endorphin and Its Analogs

III Biological Characterization

IV Structure-Activity Relationships in ß-Endorphins

V Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 7 Conformational Analysis of Enkephalin and Conformation-Activity Relationships

I Introductory Remarks

II Conformational Models of Enkephalin Based on Structural Comparison with Opiates

III Theoretical Energy Calculations

IV Crystal Structure Determinations

V Conformational Studies in Solution

VI Conformationally Restricted Enkephalin Analogs

VII Conclusion

References

Chapter 8 Structure-Activity Relationships in Enkephalin Peptides

I Introduction

II Structure-Activity Relationships

III Conclusion

References

Chapter 9 Opioid Peptides in Humans and Their Clinical Significance

I Introduction

II Strategies Used in the Study of the Clinical Significance of Endogenous Opioid Peptides

III Distribution of Opioid Peptides in Humans

IV Possible Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles of Opioid Peptides

V Conclusion and Future Prospects

References

Index