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Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) Systems Architecture and Design
1st Edition - February 26, 2022
Author: Wim Rouwet
Paperback ISBN:9780323919234
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 9 2 3 - 4
eBook ISBN:9780323919227
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 9 2 2 - 7
Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) Systems Architecture and Design gives a jump-start to engineers developing O-RAN hardware and software systems, providing a top-down approach to… Read more
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Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) Systems Architecture and Design gives a jump-start to engineers developing O-RAN hardware and software systems, providing a top-down approach to O-RAN systems design. It gives an introduction into why wireless systems look the way they do today before introducing relevant O-RAN and 3GPP standards. The remainder of the book discusses hardware and software aspects of O-RAN system design, including dimensioning and performance targets.
Presents O-RAN and 3GPP standards
Provides a top-down approach to O-RAN systems design
Includes practical examples of relevant elements of detailed hardware and software design to provide tools for development
Gives a few practical examples of where O-RAN designs play in the market and how they map to hardware and software architectures
Hardware and software engineers as well as product managers and consumers of O-RAN products looking to understand O-RAN
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
About the authors
Preface
Acronyms
1. Open radio access network overview
Abstract
The Open Radio Access Networks Alliance
On C-RAN, Open vRAN, OpenRAN, xRAN, and Telecommunications Infrastructure Project
Spectrum: enabling 5G
Traditional base station architectures
5G base station architectures
Functional splits
Coordinated Multipoint
A real-life example: enterprise 5G networking
Summary and conclusions
References
Further reading
2. System components, requirements, and interfaces
Abstract
Next-Generation Radio Access Network overview and terminology
Central unit
Distributed unit
Radio unit
Distributed unit/radio unit interface, Enhanced Common Public Radio Interface protocol overview
Initial access
802.1CM
Fronthaul gateway
Cell site router/gateway
Form factor, environmental and power requirements
ASN.1
DiffServ
References
3. Hardware system dimensioning
Abstract
Centralized/distributed unit use-case dimensioning for throughput
Use-case dimensioning for latency
Users/transmission time interval
eCPRI, fronthaul bandwidth and latency
Distributed unit internal IO
Memory dimensioning
HARQ process count dimensioning
Radio unit
References
Further reading
4. Hardware architecture choices
Abstract
Scalability
Development cycle
Data center architecture
Cell site integrated (CU/DU) solutions
Radio unit
Integrated small cell
Multicore central processing unit selection criteria
PCIe performance
References
5. System software
Abstract
Operating system
Networking stacks
Functional application platform interface
Security aspects
References
Further reading
6. User-plane application components
Abstract
GTP Protocol
PDCP protocol
RLC Protocol
MAC protocol
eCPRI protocol overview
Low physical layer
Digital front-end
References
Further reading
7. Wireless scheduling and Quality of Service optimization techniques
Abstract
Orthogonal frequency division multiple access
Base station scheduler algorithms
Architectural framework for the base station wireless scheduler algorithm
System-level optimization
Software optimization techniques
References
Further reading
8. Synchronization in open radio access networks
Abstract
Understanding frequency, time, syntonization, and synchronization
How do we get time?
O-RAN synchronization
Cellular network synchronization requirements
Synchronization in O-RAN
O-RAN network-level synchronization
O-RAN sync equipment requirements
Sync solution implementation
The effects of timestamping location and resolution
Unraveling the standards spaghetti
Further reading
9. Software performance
Abstract
Packet processing cycle budget analysis
Physical Layer complexity analysis
Central Processing Unit loading summary
System-on-Chip performance counters
Life-of-a-packet double data rate utilization analysis
Mitigation techniques: what if the product does not meet performance targets?
Development environment optimization
Software optimization techniques
Reference
10. Interoperability and test
Abstract
Development testing
System test setup
Performance testing
Front-, mid-, and backhaul testing
Operator acceptance testing
Regulatory approval testing
References
11. Differentiation by use case
Abstract
Ultra-reliable low-latency communication
Vehicle-to-infrastructure (vehicle-to-anything) roadside unit architecture and implementation
5G Reduced Capabilities (RedCap)
References
Further reading
Index
No. of pages: 402
Language: English
Published: February 26, 2022
Imprint: Academic Press
Paperback ISBN: 9780323919234
eBook ISBN: 9780323919227
WR
Wim Rouwet
Wim Rouwet is a Distinguished Member of Technical Staff at NXP. He has a MSc in Electrical Engineering from Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands. He spent 15+ years in Motorola, Freescale and NXP in networking and network processing, wireless algorithm development, system and modem architecture. His focus is on 3GPP LTE and 5G as well as 802.11 processing stacks and their implementation. In this role, he has been responsible for 4G and 5G stack development, small cells, and CRAN implementations associated with many wireless infrastructure projects. He has lead key next generation R&D projects including multi-standard modem architecture, virtualization and 5G small cell as well as CPE products.
Affiliations and expertise
Distinguished Member of Technical Staff at NXP, USA