Open Channel Hydraulics
- 2nd Edition - May 21, 2021
- Latest edition
- Authors: A. Osman Akan, Seshadri S. Iyer
- Language: English
Open Channel Hydraulics, Second Edition provides extensive coverage of open channel design, with comprehensive discussions on fundamental equations and their application to open c… Read more
Open Channel Hydraulics, Second Edition provides extensive coverage of open channel design, with comprehensive discussions on fundamental equations and their application to open channel hydraulics. The book includes practical formulas to compute flow rates or discharge, depths and other relevant quantities in open channel hydraulics. In addition, it also explains how mutual interaction of interconnected channels can affect the channel design. With coverage of the theoretical background, practical guidance to the design of open channels and other hydraulic structures, advanced topics, the latest research in the field, and real-world applications, this new edition offers an unparalleled user-friendly study reference.
- Introduces and explains all the main topics on open channel flows using numerous worked examples to illustrate key points
- Features extensive coverage of bridge hydraulics and scour - important topics civil engineers need to know as aging bridges are a major concern
- Includes Malcherek's momentum approach where applicable
Undergraduate or Graduate Civil and Environmental Engineers. Professional Civil and Water Resources Engineers, Designers and Modelers. Mechanical and Naval Engineering undergraduate or graduate students
CHAPTER 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF OPEN CHANNEL FLOW
1.1 Geometric Elements of Open Channels
1.2 Velocity and Discharge
1.3 Hydrostatic Pressure
1.4 Mass, Momentum and Energy Transfer in Open Channel Flow
1.4.1 Mass Transfer
1.4.2 Momentum Transfer
1.4.3 Energy Transfer
1.5 Open-Channel Flow Classification
1.6 Conservation Laws
1.6.1 Conservation of Mass
1.6.2 Conservation of Momentum
1.6.3 Conservation of Energy
1.6.4 Steady Flow Equations
1.6.5 Steady Spatially-Varied Flow Equations1.6.6 Comparison and Use of Momentum and Energy Equations
Problems
References
CHAPTER 2 ENERGY AND MOMENTUM PRINCIPLES
2.1. Critical Flow
2.1.1 Froude Number
2.1.2 Calculation of Critical Depth
2.2. Applications of Energy Principle for Steady Flow
2.2.1 Energy Equation
2.2.2 Specific Energy Diagram for Constant Discharge
2.2.3 Discharge Diagram for Constant Specific Energy
2.2.4 Specific Energy in Rectangular Channels
2.2.5 Choking of Flow
2.3. Applications of Momentum Principle for Steady Flow
2.3.1 Momentum Equation
2.3.2 Specific Momentum Diagram for Constant Discharge
2.3.3 Discharge Diagram for Constant Specific Momentum
2.3.4 Hydraulic Jump
2.3.5 Specific Momentum in Rectangular Channels
2.3.6 Hydraulic Jump in Rectangular Channels
2.3.7 Choking and Momentum Principle
Problems
References
CHAPTER 3 NORMAL FLOW
3.1. Flow Resistance
3.1.1 Boundary Layer and Flow Resistance
3.1.2 Darcy-Weisbach Equation
3.1.3 The Chezy Equation
3.1.4 The Manning Formula
3.2 Normal Flow Equation
3.3 Normal Depth Calculations in Uniform Channels
3.4 Normal Depth Calculations in Grass-Lined Channels
3.5 Normal Depth Calculations in Rip-Rap Channels
3.6 Normal Flow in Composite Channels
3.7 Normal Flow in Compound Channels
Problems
References
CHAPTER 4 GRADUALLY VARIED FLOW
4.1. Classification of Channels for Gradually-Varied Flow
4.2 Classification of Gradually-Varied Flow Profiles
4.3 Significance of Froude Number in Gradually-Varied Flow Calculations
4.4 Qualitative Determination of Expected Gradually Varied Flow Profiles
4.5 Gradually-Varied Flow Computations
4.5.1 Direct Step Method
4.5.2 Standard Step Method
4.6 Applications of Gradually-Varied Flow
4.6.1 Locating Hydraulic Jumps
4.6.2 Lake and Channel Problem
4.6.2.1 Lake and Mild Channel
4.6.2.2 Lake and Steep Channel
4.6.3 The Two-Lake Problem
4.6.3.1 Two Lakes and a Mild Channel
4.6.3.2 Two Lakes and Steep Channel
4.6.4 Effect of Choking on Water Surface Profile
4.6.4.1 Choking in Long Mild Channels
4.6.4.2 Choking in Steep Channels
4.7 Gradually Varied Flow in Channel Systems
4.8 Gradually Varied Flow in Natural Channels
Problems
References
CHAPTER 5 DESIGN OF OPEN CHANNELS
5.1 General Design Considerations
5.2 Design of Unlined Channels
5.2.1 Maximum Permissible Velocity Method
5.2.2 Tractive Force Method
5.2.3 Channel Bends
5.3 Design of Channels with Flexible Linings
5.3.1 Design of Channels Lined with Vegetal Cover
5.3.1.1 Phase 1 - Design for Stability
5.3.1.2 Phase 2 - Modification for Required Conveyance
5.3.2 Design of Riprap Channels
5.3.3 Temporary Flexible Linings
5.4 Design of Rigid Boundary Channels
5.4.1 Experience Curve Approach
5.4.2 Best Hydraulic Section Approach
5.4.3 Minimum Lining Cost Approach
5.5 Channel Design for Nonuniform Flow
Problems
References
CHAPTER 6 HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES
6.1 Flow Measurement Structures
6.1.1 Sharp-Crested Weirs
6.1.1.1 Rectangular Sharp-Crested Weirs
6.1.1.2 Sharp-Crested V-Notch
6.1.1.3 Cipoletti Weir
6.1.2 Broad-Crested Weirs
6.1.3 Flumes
6.2 Culverts
6.2.1 Inlet Control Flow
6.2.2 Outlet Control Flow
6.2.2.1 Full Flow Conditions
6.2.2.2 Partly Full Flow Condition
6.2.3 Sizing of Culverts
6.3 Overflow Spillways
6.3.1 Shape for Uncontrolled Ogee Crest
6.3.2 Discharge over an Uncontrolled Ogee Crest
6.3.3 Discharge over Gate-Controlled Ogee Crests
6.4 Stilling Basins
6.4.1 Position of Hydraulic Jump
6.4.2 Hydraulic Jump Characteristics
6.4.3 Standard Stilling Basin Designs
6.5 Channel Transitions
6.5.1 Channel Transitions for Subcritical Flow
6.5.1.1 Energy Loss at Transitions
6.5.1.2 Water Surface Profile at Transitions
6.5.1.3 Design of Channel Transitions for Subcritical Flow
6.5.2 Channel Transitions for Supercritical Flow
6.5.2.1 Standing Wave Fronts in Supercritical Flow
6.5.2.2 Rectangular Contractions for Supercritical Flow
6.5.2.3 Rectangular Expansions for Supercritical Flow
6.6 Internal Energy Dissipators
6.6.1 Increased Resistance – Tumbling Flow
6.6.2 Drop Inlet Structures
6.7 Streambed Level Dissipators - Contra Costa Basin Design
6.8 Riprap Aprons
Problems
References
CHAPTER 7 BRIDGE HYDRAULICS
7.1 Modeling Bridge Sections
7.1.1 Cross-Section Locations
7.1.2 Low Flow Types at Bridge Sites
7.1.3 Low Flow Calculations at Bridge Sites
7.1.3.1 Flow Choking at Bridge Sections
7.1.3.2 Energy Method for Low Flow Calculations
7.1.3.3 Momentum Method for Low Flow Calculations
7.1.3.4 Yarnell Equation for Low Flow Calculations
7.1.4 High Flow Calculations at Bridge Sites
7.1.4.1 Sluice Gate Type Flow
7.1.4.2 Orifice Type Flow
7.1.4.3 Weir Type Flow
7.1.4.4 Direct Step Method for High Flow Calculation
7.2 Evaluating Scour at Bridges
7.2.1 Contraction Scour
7.2.1.1 Critical Velocity
7.2.1.2. Live Bed Contraction Scour
7.2.1.3 Clear-Water Contraction Scour
7.2.2 Local Scour at Piers
7.2.2.1 The CSU Equation for Pier Scour
7.2.2.2 Froehlich Equation for Pier Scour
7.2.2.3 Pressure Flow Scour
7.2.3 Local Scour at Abutments
7.2.3.1. The HIRE Equation
7.2.3.2. Froehlich Equation
Problems
References
CHAPTER 8 INTRODUCTION TO UNSTEADY OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW
8.1 Governing Equations
8.2 Numerical Solution Methods
8.2.1 Explicit Finite Difference Schemes
8.2.2 Implicit Finite Difference Schemes
8.2.2.1 Reach Equations
8.2.2.2 Boundary Equations
8.2.2.3 Solution Procedure
8.2.2.4 Elements of the Coefficient Matrix
8.2.2.5 An Efficient Algorithm to Determine Corrections
8.2.3 Special Considerations
8.2.4 Channel Systems
8.3 Approximate Unsteady Flow Models
8.3.1 Diffusion-Wave Model for Unsteady Flow
8.3.2 Finite Difference Equations
8.3.3 Solution of Finite Difference Equations
8.4 Simple Channel Routing Methods
8.4.1 Muskingum Method
8.4.1.1 Routing Equation
8.4.1.2 Calibration of Muskingum Parameters
8.4.2 Muskingum-Cunge Method
Problems
References
Answers
- Edition: 2
- Latest edition
- Published: May 21, 2021
- Language: English
AA
A. Osman Akan
Dr. A. Osman Akan, Emeritus Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Old Dominion University received his BSCE from the Middle East Technical University and MS and PhD from the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana. During his over 40 years of service in academia as a teacher, researcher, and faculty administrator, Dr. Akan published numerous journal articles, book chapters and textbooks. He received awards from the ASCE for two of his journal articles. The proposed book would be the sixth textbook Dr. Akan has authored or co-authored. He was a registered PE in the Commonwealth of Virginia until he retired in 2016. Dr. Akan is an ASCE Fellow.
Affiliations and expertise
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USASS
Seshadri S. Iyer
Dr. Seshadri S. Iyer, is a Senior Water Resources Engineer at HDR, Inc. He graduated BS in Civil Engineering from Bangalore University, Bangalore, India (1982), received his Masters from Indian Institute of Technology, Madras in Hydraulic Engineering (1984), and Ph.D. from the Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (1996). Dr. Iyer has over 35 years of domestic and international professional and research experience in the field of water resources engineering. Dr. Iyer’s experience spans project management, hydrologic and hydraulic (H&H) analysis, scour analysis, transportation drainage systems, watershed modeling and preparation of master plans. Dr. Iyer is on the board of the Watershed Management Technical Committee and is involved in developing Manual of Practice for TMDL Analysis and Modeling. For over 10 years Dr. Iyer serves as an Adjunct Faculty at the Old Dominion University and teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in Urban Stormwater Hydrology, Hydraulic Engineering, Open Channel Hydraulics, & Groundwater Hydraulics.
Affiliations and expertise
Senior Water Resources Engineer, HDR, Inc, VA, USARead Open Channel Hydraulics on ScienceDirect