Omega-3 Fatty Acids

A Scientific Approach to Healthy Aging and Optimized Nutrition

1st Edition - August 30, 2024
Author: Peter Lembke
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 9 1 1 4 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 9 1 1 5 - 9

Omega-3 Fatty Acids: A Scientific Approach to Healthy Ageing and Optimized Nutrition looks at the biochemistry of long chain fatty acids and their importance to health, well-b… Read more

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Omega-3 Fatty Acids: A Scientific Approach to Healthy Ageing and Optimized Nutrition looks at the biochemistry of long chain fatty acids and their importance to health, well-being, and the reduction of inflammation in the body. Divided into two parts, the book first explains the history, chemical background, and physiological pathways of how EPA and DHA influence our inflammatory response and their importance as structural building blocks within our cell membranes. Readers will learn about increasing the anti-inflammatory effects from polyunsaturated-fatty-acid intake by combining Omega-3s and Omega-6s, as well as the differences, safety aspects, nutritional values of plant Omegas verse animal Omegas.

In additions, sections will update on the benefits of different Omega fatty acids derived from various food sources such as seeds, fish, eggs, and nuts. Part Two is dedicated to healthy aging and discusses the results of numerous clinical trials and mechanisms of action that address heart, immune, bone, muscle, cognitive, and vision health. Readers will gain insight to methods of sustainable sourcing to ensure maximum benefits and optimized nutrition.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Foreword
List of abbreviations
Chapter One. Introduction—Why the inclusion of dietary omega-3 fatty acids allowed the development of Homo sapiens and still today determines our health and wellbeing
Chapter Two. Lipids, fats, and oils
2.1. History
2.2. Fats and oils
2.3. Dietary lipids and their classification
2.4. Sources of omega-3 EPA and DHA
Chapter Three. Bioavailability
3.1. Lipid digestion and absorption
3.2. Relative Bioavailability Index for EEs, FFAs, TGs, and rTGs
Chapter Four. Metabolic routes for fatty acids
4.1. Reaching the site of beta-oxidation
4.2. Inclusion into tissue cell membrane
4.3. Important derivates from EPA and DHA
Chapter Five. Creating anti-inflammatory synergies with EPA/DHA
5.1. Simplified model of the inflammatory response process
5.2. Combination of EPA and DHA with omega-6 GLA
5.3. Combination of EPA and DHA with aspirin
Chapter Six. Essential fatty acids and the importance of a balanced omega-6-to-omega-3 ratio in our diet
Chapter Seven. Vegetable-versus animal omega-3
7.1. Vegetable omega-3
7.2. Animal omega-3s
Chapter Eight. Omega-3 dietary supplements versus omega-3 enriched food
8.1. Fish oil capsules versus omega-3 concentrates
8.2. Omega-3 enriched foods
Chapter Nine. Approved health claims, recommended daily intakes, and safety
9.1. FDA—Food and drug administration (USA)
9.2. EFSA—European Food Safety Authority (EU)
9.3. Other authorities or associations
9.4. Safety of omega-3
Chapter Ten. Fish oil and omega-3 concentrate production and PUFA-oxidation control
10.1. Fish oil and omega-3 concentrate production
10.2. Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)
Chapter Eleven. Reading and understanding the label
11.1. How long should you take omega-3s?
11.2. Do I need more EPA or more DHA?
11.3. Read and understand the label
Chapter Twelve. Healthy aging with omega-3′s
12.1. What is aging?
12.2. The omega-6 to omega-3 ratio in our diet, senior health, and longevity
Chapter Thirteen. How to determine your individual daily omega-3 dose and to distinguish between primary and secondary risk factors
13.1. The “omega-6 status”
13.2. The omega-3 index
13.3. Primary- and secondary health risk factors
CHAPTER FOURTEEN. Cardiovascular health and Omega-3s
14.1. Sudden cardiac death
14.2. Stress and sudden cardiac death
14.3. Heart failure
14.4. Heart attack/heart infarct
14.5. Hypertriglyceridemia/dyslipidemia
14.6. More studies supporting cardio-protective benefits from omega-3 fatty acids
Chapter Fifteen. Psychological disorders and omega-3s
15.1. Introduction to the role of omega-3s in psychological disorders
15.2. Depression
15.3. Schizophrenia
15.4. Anxiety disorder
15.5. Sleep disturbance
Chapter Sixteen. Age-related cognitive decline and omega-3
16.1. Dementia
16.2. Alzheimer disease
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN. Vision and Omega-3
17.1. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
17.2. Dry eye syndrome (DES) or meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)
Chapter Eighteen. Cancer and omega-3
18.1. Seven ways of anti-cancer support provided by omega-3
18.2. Breast cancer
18.3. Intestinal- and colon cancer
18.4. Prostate cancer
Chapter Nineteen. Insulin resistance, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and omega-3
19.1. Diabetes (Type-II) and obesity
19.2. Adiponectin and its role for body-weight management
19.3. Leptin and its role for body-weight management
19.4. Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance (diabetes mellitus type II)
Chapter Twenty. Immune health and omega-3
20.1. The inflammatory response (example: COVID-19 infection)
20.2. Cytokines (TNF, IL-1, and IL-6) and the immune response
20.3. Immune system efficacy depends on omega-3
20.4. Autoimmune diseases and omega-3
Chapter Twenty-One. Bone/muscle health and omega-3
21.1. Osteoporosis and omega-3
21.2. Age-related sarcopenia (muscle loss) and omega-3
Chapter Twenty-Two. Omega-3 supply, natural resources and our responsibility for future generations
Chapter Twenty-Three. Questions and answers
23.1. Is vegetable/algae sourced EPA and DHA the same as marine/fish oil EPA and DHA?
23.2. How much omega-3 do we need every day?
23.3. What is the “omega-3 index”?—Test your patients need for omega-3 supplementation
23.4. Are there different omega-3 requirements for men and women?
23.5. Are there different omega-3 requirements with growing age?
23.6. Are there different omega-3 requirements depending on digestion, metabolism, and medication?
23.7. How does the daily diet impact my omega-3 requirement?
23.8. What is the best time of the day to take omega-3 supplementation?
23.9. Why should I take my omega-3 supplement, if possible, together with a meal containing phospholipids?
23.10. How long do I have to take my omega-3 supplementation?
23.11. Should I choose a highly concentrated omega-3 formulation, a natural fish oil, or simply eat more fish/seafood dishes per week?
23.12. Salmon, tuna, sardine, or anchovy oil?
23.13. Fish oil or algae oils?
23.14. Ethyl ester (EE) or triglycerides (TGs)?
23.15. Monoglycerides or phospholipids (krill oil)?
23.16. EPA or DHA?
23.17. Can plant omega-3 (ALA) convert to EPA or DHA?
23.18. Can EPA convert in vivo to DHA and vice versa?
23.19. Do omega-3 fatty acids, especially DHA, increase female and male fertility?
23.20. Is DHA supplementation important for the fertility of healthy vegan men?
23.21. Does DHA supplementation reduce early preterm birth (EPTB)?
23.22. Does DHA supplementation reduce heart frequency (pulse) and increase the heart rate variability (hrv)?
23.23. Does only EPA reduce blood triglyceride levels? What about DHA?
23.24. Do omega-3 fatty acids (EPA, DHA) reduce elevated blood cholesterol level?
23.25. Can EPA and/or DHA supplementation lower elevated blood pressure?
23.26. What are the two most important health benefits from Omega-3 (EPA+DHA) supplementation?
23.27. Are omega-3 fatty acids (EPA+DHA) “silver bullets” that cure and prevent everything?
23.28. “It's in my genes … I can't do anything …” is this correct?
23.29. Can I replace DHA by any other similar molecule?
23.30. If I take every day 1g of EPA and 1g of DHA, will that guarantee that I will never have a heart attack nor suffer from age-related memory loss?
23.31. Is the daily intake of EPA and DHA the only thing I must care about when I age?
23.32. Can I give omega-3 EPA and/or DHA to my dog or cat?
23.33. Is there a difference between an omega-3 EPA/DHA concentrate obtained by distillation or supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC)?
Appendix A
Index

Life sciences

Physical sciences & Engineering

Social sciences & Humanities

Health