Old and New Problems in Elementary Particles

Prefazione

On the Dirac Magnetic Poles


1. Introduction1


2. The Main Properties of Dirac Poles


2.1. The Spin, the Electric-dipole Moment and the Mass


2.2. Coupling Constant and Production Crosssection


2.3. Energy Losses by Ionization, Čerenkov Emission and Bremsstrahlung


2.4. The Scattering


2.5. The Binding


3. The Experimental Searches for Dirac Poles


3.1. Experiments with Accelerators


3.2. Experiments with Primary Cosmic Rays


4. A Few Remarks about Dirac’s Monopole Theory


4.1. Properties of Symmetry of a Theory Which includes Magnetic Poles


4.2. A Few Comments on the First quantization Theory


4.3. A Few Remarks about Second Quantization

Spontaneous SU3 Breaking


1. Introduction


2. Spontaneous SU3 Breaking


3. Effects of Weak and Electromagnetic Interactions


4. Stability of Solutions


5. Summary and Conclusions

On Supergain Antennae


1. Introduction


2. A General Theorem


3. Application of the General Theorem to Emission


4. Application of the General Theorem to Absorption


5. Antennae; the Reciprocity Theorem


6. The Principle of Indeterminacy


7. Transitions in Atoms and Nuclei


8. Practical Possibilities

Aspects of the Resonance-Particle-Pole Relationship Which May Be Useful in the Planning and Analysis of Experiments


1. Introduction


2. Certain Basic S-Matrix Concepts


3. The Breit-Wigner Extrapolation


4. Extrapolation to Poles on the Real Axis


5. General Problem of Extrapolation, Particle Multiplicity


6. Pole Locations and Particle Masses


7. Dynamical Equivalence of Different Pole Positions


8. Conclusion

The Relativistic Energy-Momentum Tensor of the Electromagnetic Field in Matter

Sum Rules for Photon Processes

Propagation of Signals and Particles

Some Recent Experiments at DESY

Introduction


1. Photoproduction of Wide-Angle Electron-Positron Pairs at High Energies


2. Electromagnetic Form Factors of the Proton


3. Photoproduction


3.1. Total Cross-section of the Photoproduction of the Vector Mesons ρ, ω , φ


3.2. Photoproduction of η°-mesons in the Coulomb Field of Heavy Nuclei and the ηº-Lifetime


3.3. Photoproduction of Single π+-mesons between 1.2 and 3.0 GeV at Very Small Angles

Future of Neutrino Physics with Large Chambers

Prospects for the Muon-Electron Problem


1. Introduction


2. Static Properties of the Leptons


2.1 Masses


2.2. Statistics


2.3. Magnetic Moments


3. High-Energy Electromagnetic Processes


3.1. Lepton-proton Scattering


3.2. Pair Production, Bremsstrahlung, Tridents


3.3. Clashing e+e- Beams


4. Weak Interactions


4.1. Muon Capture


4.2. Neutrino Interactions


4.3. Decay of Heavy Particles


4.4. Search for New Leptons


5. Conclusions

Hadronic Contributions to the Photon Propagator


1. Introduction


2. A Theorem


3. Renormalization


4. An Alternative Hypothesis

Ten Years of the Universal (V-—A) Theory of Weak Interactions

Thermodynamics in the Special and the General Theory of Relativity


1. Introduction


2. Relativistic Heat Engines


3. Thermodynamics in General Relativity

Results and Programs in the Search for Fractionary Charges by the Magnetic Levitation Electrometer


1. Introduction


2. Possible Methods of Search for Quarks


3. The First Set of Measurements with the Magnetic Levitation Electrometer


4. Remarks on the Sensitivity In the First Set of Measurements


5. Moving Towards Bigger Grains


6. The Resonance Method


7. Final Remarks and a Few Comments on other Possible Applications of the Method

Remarks on Some Technical and Organizational Problems of Elementary-Particle Physics

Neutrino Experiments and the Question of Leptonic-Charge Conservation


1. Selection Rules


2. Leptonic Charge Violation?


3. Double Beta Decay and Similar Processes


4. Processes of the Type νe + p → e+ + n, etc.


5. Processes of the Type µ → e + γ, etc.


6. The Process µ- + Z → e+ +(Z-2)


7. Possibility of Oscillations ν ↔ ν, νµ ↔ νe in Vacuum


8. Note on Methods of Observing Neutrino Oscillations


9. Period and Length of Oscillations


10. Oscillations ν ↔ ν and Astronomy

The Role of Pure Science in European Civilization


1. The Rapid Advance of Science and Its Consequences; International Collaboration in Science


2. The Progress of High-Energy Physics


3. The Significance of Recent Advances


4. Needs of Pure Science and the Material Benefits Flowing From it


5. The Importance of Balanced Development of Science and Technology


6. Pure Science as an Indispensable Element in Our Culture


7. Conclusions

Universal Weak Coupling and Nonleptonic Interactions


1. Introduction


2. The ΔT = ½ Rule


3. The Universality of the Weak Coupling


4. The Leptonic Current


5. The Nonleptonic Interactions

Production of the η-Particle and the Extent of Our Present Understanding

Introduction


1. What We Know and What We do Not Know Yet. The η-Particle as an Example


2. The η Discovery as a Good Example of the Power of Prevision of the Present Theories


3. The Production of the η-Particle near Threshold


4. Production of the η in the Channel π- + p → η + η at High Energies, and the Regge Trajectory


5. The Reactione e+ + e- → Vector Meson → η(pion)+Y, as a Way to Measure the Mixing Angles and to Check SU3 and Quark Models


6. The Detection of the γ-rays and the Present Uncertainties on the η Decay Modes


7. Conclusions

A Simple Approach to the Adler-Weisberger Relation