Nutritional Modulators of Pain in the Aging Population

Contributors

Preface

Acknowledgments

Section A: Overview of pain: Mechanisms of causation and treatment by foods

Chapter 1: Overview of Pain in Livestock: Mechanism to Nutritional Control

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Acute Pain
• Chronic Pain
• Nutritional Cure
• Minerals and Vitamins in the Cure of Pain

Chapter 2: Nutritional Modulators in Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Physiopathology of CIPN
• Vitamins and CIPN
• Nutritional Supplements
• Minerals and Trace Elements
• Specific Types of Diets
• Glossary

Chapter 3: Migraine: Burden of Disease, Treatment, and Prevention

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Clinical Presentation of Migraine
• Prevalence and Disease Burden
• Pathophysiology of Migraines
• Triggers of Migraines
• Migraine Therapy
• Conclusions

Chapter 4: Myelinodegeneration and Its Influence on Pain: Aging, Diets, and Genetic Dysregulation

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Age-Related White Matter Changes in the Nervous System and Their Relationships with Decline of Various Functional Abilities in Normal Elderly People
• Lifespan Trajectory of Myelin Integrity and Myelin Breakdown Model of AD and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
• Age-Related Degenerative Changes in Myelin and Nerve Fibers in Monkey CNS
• Lifespan Changes in Myelin Structures of Rat Nervous System
• Grade-Based Classification of Myelinopathology
• Diets as Risk Factors of Myelinopathy and Myelinodegeneration
• Association of Myelinodegeneration with Pain
• Genetic and Molecular Basis of Age-Related Myelinodegeneration

Section B: Herbs and extracts in pain management

Chapter 5: Getting to the Root of Chronic Inflammation: Ginger’s Antiinflammatory Properties

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Arthritis
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Dysmenorrhea
• Cancer
• Respiratory
• Conclusions

Chapter 6: Illegal Adulterations of (Traditional) Herbal Medicines and Dietary Supplements for the Treatment of Pain

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Counterfeiting and Confounding of Herbal Treatments
• Chemical Adulterations of Herbal Treatments
• Conclusions

Chapter 7: Diabetic Neuropathy Modulation by Zinc and/or Polyphenol Administration

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Laboratory Evaluation
• Stimulus Detection Electrodiagnosis
• Discussions
• Conclusions

Chapter 8: Natural Remedies for Treatment of Cancer Pain

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Cannabis (Marijuana)
• Summary

Chapter 9: Capsicum: A Natural Pain Modulator

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Pain Modulation
• TRPV (Capsaicin) Receptors
• Capsicum and Pain Therapeutics
• Summary
• List of Abbreviations

Section C: Role of pain: Diet, food and nutrition in prevention and treatment

Chapter 10: Honey—A Natural Remedy for Pain Relief

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Conclusions

Chapter 11: Probiotics and Synbiotics for Management of Infantile Colic

• Abstract
• Infantile Colic
• Gut–Brain Axis and Microbiota
• Probiotic Definition
• Probiotics for Reducing Colic and Pain
• Conclusions

Section D: Obesity and macronutrients in pain

Chapter 12: The Interrelationship of Obesity, Pain, and Diet/Nutrition

• Abstract
• Overview of Obesity: Etiology and Dietary Behavior
• Obesity and Pain
• Modulators of Pain in Obesity
• Treatment and Prevention of Pain in Obesity

Chapter 13: Effects of Obesity on Function and Quality of Life in Chronic Pain

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Effects of Obesity on Function and QoL in Chronic Pain Conditions
• Obesity and Macronutrients in Pain
• Conclusions

Chapter 14: Postoperative Analgesia in Morbid Obesity: An Overview of Multimodal Analgesia and Complimentary Therapies

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Burden of Morbid Obesity
• Pain in the Obese Patient
• Obesity and Hormonal Regulation of Acute Pain
• Systemic Opioids in the Morbidly Obese
• Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia
• Thoracic Epidural Catheterization in the Obese
• Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapies
• Diets
• Low Carbohydrate Diet
• Ketogenic Diet
• Perioperative Considerations of Dietary Supplements
• The Future of Pain- Pharmacogenetic Testing

Section E: Nutrients in pain in prevention and treatment

Chapter 15: Vitamin D Deficiency in Joint Pain: Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation

• Abstract
• Objective
• Results
• Conclusion
• Introduction
• Vitamin D Deficiency and Joint Pain
• Supplementation of Vitamin D for Joint Pain
• Conclusions
• Acknowledgment

Chapter 16: Nutritional Modulators of Pain in the Aging Population

• Abstract
• Background
• Vitamin D Deficiency
• Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
• Magnesium
• Willow Bark
• Probiotics
• Glucosamine and Chondroitin
• Turmeric
• Devil’s Claw
• Methylsulfonylmethane
• Boswellia
• Green Tea
• Summary

Chapter 17: Trace Elements Alleviate Pain in Mice and Humans

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Zinc
• Magnesium
• Manganese
• Selenium
• Copper
• Strontium
• Other Essential and Nonessential Trace Elements
• Conclusions

Chapter 18: Vitamin B₁₂ for Relieving Pain in Aphthous Ulcers

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Epidemiology of Aphthous Ulcer
• Types of Mouth Ulcer
• Cause of Canker Sores
• Aphthous Ulcer Treatment
• Vitamin B₁₂ Treatment for Mouth Ulcer
• Treatment for Pain in Apththous Ulcers

Chapter 19: Vitamin K, Osteoarthritis, and Joint Pain

• Abstract
• Vitamin K Sources
• Vitamin K and Osteoarthritis: Underlying Mechanisms
• Biomarkers of Vitamin K Status Used in Osteoarthritis Studies
• Vitamin K and Osteoarthritis: Evidence From Human Studies
• Conclusions and Future Directions
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 20: Conservative and Postoperative Coanalgesic Therapy for Upper Limb Tendinopathy Using Dietary Supplements

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Tendon Degeneration, Inflammation, and Pain
• Rationale for the Use of Standard Antiinflammatory Drugs
• Antiinflammatory and Analgesic Activity of Dietary Supplements
• Clinical Applications of Dietary Supplements to Treat Tendinopathy and Reduce Pain After Tendon Repair Surgery

Chapter 21: Folic Acid in Pain: An Epigenetic Link

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Vitamins
• Folic Acid
• Epigenetics
• Folic Acid and DNA Methylation
• Folic Acid and Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Role of Folic Acid in Colorectal Adenomas
• Role of Folic Acid in Myofascial Pain
• List of Abbreviations

Section F: Animal models for pain: Food and plant extract

Chapter 22: Analgesic and Neuroprotective Effects of B Vitamins

• Abstract
• Analgesic Effects of B Vitamins on Acute Pain
• Analgesic Effect of B Vitamins on Painful Diabetic Neuropathy
• Analgesic Effect of B Vitamins on Neuropathic Pain After Peripheral Nerve Injury and Dorsal Root Ganglion Compression
• Analgesic and Neuroprotective Effects of B Vitamins Following Temporary Spinal Cord Ischemia
• Mechanisms Underlying Analgesic Effects of B Vitamins
• Acknowledgment

Chapter 23: Pain Relief in Chronic Pancreatitis—Role of Nutritional Antioxidants

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Free Radicals in Cellular Physiology and Pathophysiology
• Free Radicals in Pancreatic Pathophysiology
• Pain in Chronic Pancreatitis
• Antioxidant Defense in Cellular Physiology
• Nutritional Antioxidants
• Dietary Antioxidants as Modulators of Pain and Oxidative Stress
• Way Forward

Chapter 24: Vitamin D and Disc Herniation Associated Pain

• Abstract
• Dedication

Chapter 25: Review of Fortified Foods and Natural Medicinal Products in Companion Animals Afflicted by Naturally Occurring Osteoarthritis

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Clinical Trial Objective and Purposes
• Design and Recruitment
• Outcomes
• Control and Tested Substances
• Blinding and Randomization
• Data Analysis
• Critical Analysis
• Positioning of Fortified Foods and Natural Medicinal Products
• Concluding Remarks and Future Recommendations
• Acknowledgments