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Nutritional and Therapeutic Interventions for Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome
- 1st Edition - January 25, 2012
- Editors: Debasis Bagchi, Sreejayan Nair
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 3 8 5 0 8 3 - 6
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 3 8 5 0 8 4 - 3
Diabetes mellitus affects approximately 20 million people in the US, or nearly 7% of the population. It is expected to increase by 70% within the next 25 years, and numerous ep… Read more
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Request a sales quoteDiabetes mellitus affects approximately 20 million people in the US, or nearly 7% of the population. It is expected to increase by 70% within the next 25 years, and numerous epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that type 2 diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is estimated to cost over $92 billion in health care costs and lost productivity. The increased risk is due to the detrimental vascular effects of prolonged exposure to a hyperglycemic, oxidant-rich environment yielding associated cardiovascular risk factors: atherosclerosis, hypertension and clotting abnormalities. Hypertension and dyslipidemia in diabetic patients produces substantial decreases in cardiovascular and microvascular diseases.
Nutritional and Therapeutic Interventions for Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome provides an overview of the current epidemic, outlines the consequences of this crisis and lays out strategies to forestall and prevent diabetes, obesity and other intricate issues of metabolic syndrome. The contributing experts from around the world give this book relevant and up-to-date global approaches to the critical consequences of metabolic syndrome and make it an important reference for those working with the treatment, evaluation or public health planning for the effects of metabolic syndrome and diabetes.
- Scientific discussion of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of the relationship between diabetes and metabolic syndrome
- Includes coverage of Pre-diabetes conditions plus both Type I and Type II Diabetes
- Presents both prevention and treatment options
Nutritionist researchers and practitioners, food microbiologists and toxicologists, and pharmacologists, public health officials, health professionals, endocrinologists, nurses and general practitioners
Dedication
Preface
Contributors
SECTION I. Epidemiology and Overview
Chapter 1. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Introduction
Definition
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Diagnosis
Clinical Presentation
Management
Comorbidities
Complications
Prevention and Intervention Trials
Chapter 2. Overview of Type 2 Diabetes
Definition and Diagnostic Criteria
Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes and Its Complications
Genetic Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes
Risk Factors and Screening for Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes in Pregnancy: Implications for Mother and Offspring
Evidence for Metabolic Programming of Diabetes in Early Life
Early Intervention in Type 2 Diabetes
Clinical Management of Type 2 Diabetes
Treatment Guidelines
Nutrition and Lifestyle Intervention
Pharmacological Treatments
Bariatric Surgery
Economic Impact of Type 2 Diabetes
Future Directions
Chapter 3. Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes—A Comprehensive Analysis
Introduction
Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes
Maintenance of Normal Glucose Homeostasis
Impaired Glucose Homeostasis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Mechanistic Actions Which Lead to Progressive β-Cell Failure and Type 2 Diabetes
Summary
Chapter 4. Managing the Broad Spectrum of Type 2 Diabetes
Introduction
Evolving Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes
Altering The Progression of Type 2 Diabetes
Need for Early Intervention
Aggressive Management After Diagnosis
How Low Do We Go for Glycemic Control?
Treatment Options
Self-Management Education
Lifestyle Modification
Meal Planning
Physical Activity
Pharmacological Treatment
When to Adjust Treatment
Initiating Insulin Therapy
Insulin Delivery Devices
Conclusions
Chapter 5. Prediabetes
Background
Prevalence
Results
Pathogenesis
Recognition of Enhanced Risk
Means for Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
Discussion
Conclusion
Chapter 6. Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in Youths
Obesity: The 21st Century Epidemic
Metabolic Complications of Obesity in Children and Adolescents
Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescence: a New Frightening Epidemic?
Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes in Obese Children and Adolescents
Role of Ectopic Fat Deposition in the Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance
The β-Cell in the Storm of Insulin Resistance
Therapy of Type 2 Diabetes in Youths
Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter 7. Diabetes Pathophysiology
Introduction
Dietary Treatment for Diabetes at The Turn of The 20th Century
Dietary Recommendations
Glucose Control
Low-Carbohydrate Diets
Conclusions
Chapter 8. Diabetes Mellitus
Introduction/Overview
Nursing Perspective
Prevention and Management of Diabetes by Nursing Professionals
Research
Conclusion
Chapter 9. Roles of Environmental Pollution and Pesticides in Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
Introduction
Dioxins, Furans and Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Pesticides
Bisphenol-A
Air Pollution
Toxic Metals
Summary and Future Research
Acknowledgments
Chapter 10. Preventing Diabetes with Diet and Exercise
Introduction
Diet and Exercise Interventions to Prevent Diabetes
Weight Loss and Exercise Both Contribute to Reducing Diabetes Risk
What Type of Diet Best Encourages Weight Loss?
The Role of Exercise
Conclusion
SECTION II. Types of Diabetes and its Correlation with other Diseases
Chapter 11. The Role of Insulin Resistance in the Cardiorenal Syndrome
Introduction
Epidemiologic Evidence
Pathophysiologic Links Between Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and the Cardiorenal Syndrome
Microalbuminuria in the Cardiorenal Syndrome
Insulin Resistance in the Cardiorenal Syndrome
Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Stress in the Cardiorenal Syndrome
Inappropriate Activation of the Raas
Conclusions and Perspectives
Chapter 12. An Overview of Diabetic Nephropathy
Introduction
Clinical Features of Diabetic Nephropathy
Involvement of Metabolic Factors in Diabetic Nephropathy
Role of Ras in Diabetic Nephropathy
Conclusion
Chapter 13. An Overview of Diabetes and Ocular Health
Introduction
Epidemiology/Risk Factors
Pathophysiology
Clinical Assessment
Therapy
Conclusions
Chapter 14. An Overview of Diabetic Retinopathy
Introduction
Epidemiology
Classification
Randomized Clinical Trials
Treatment Guidelines
Acknowledgments
Chapter 15. Role of Peripheral Neuropathy in the Development of Foot Ulceration and Impaired Wound Healing in Diabetes Mellitus
Introduction
Diabetic Neuropathy
Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Wound Healing
Conclusions
Chapter 16. An Overview of Gestational Diabetes
Introduction
Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Screening and Diagnosis
Effects of Untreated Gestational Diabetes
Effectiveness of Treatment
Glucose Monitoring
Lifestyle Modification—Diet and Exercise
Insulin Therapy
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents
Fetal Surveillance
Timing and Mode of Delivery
Follow-Up Testing and Long-Term Implications
Summary
SECTION III. Molecular Insights of Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome
Chapter 17. Gene–Environment Interaction in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes
Introduction
The Genetic Component
The Environmental Component
Epigenetics
Conclusion
Chapter 18. Epigenetics in the Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes
Introduction
An Overview of Epigenetic Mechanisms
Epigenetic Modifications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Aging and Epigenetic Modifications
Environmental Factors and Epigenetic Impact on Type 2 Diabetes
Intrauterine Environment and Epigenetic Modifications
Genetics and Epigenetic Modifications
Summary
Chapter 19. Targeting the Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes by Preventing Inflammation
Introduction
Il-1β Links Obesity and Diabetes
Activation of The NLRP3 Inflammasome in Fat, Liver and Islets Results in Il-1β Production
Il-1β and β-Cell Transcriptional Regulation
Il-1β and Genetic Predisposition
The Dysbalance of Il-1β and Il-1Ra in Diabetes54
Blocking Il-1β Signals in vivo Inhibits Diabetes Progression54
Acknowledgments
Chapter 20. Interleukin-18 in Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
Introduction
The Biological Effect of Interleukin-18 Depends on the Local Cytokine Milieu
Interleukin-18 is Closely Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome and its Components
Interleukin-18 is Associated with the Initiation and Complications of Diabetes
Interleukin-18 and Cardiovascular Disease
Potential Mechanisms for the Role of Interleukin-18 in Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Atherosclerosis
Interleukin-18 and Effect of Lifestyle Interventions
Conclusions
SECTION IV. Pathophysiology
Chapter 21. Sleep, Hypertension, and Diabetes
Background and Introduction
Sleep and Hypertension
Sleep and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)
Mechanisms
Sleep and Type 2 Diabetes
Mechanisms
Sleep, Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension, Pre-Eclampsia, and Gestational Diabetes
Prevention and Public Health Importance
Conclusions
Chapter 22. Roles of Pancreatic Cell Functions, Liver, Skeletal Muscle, and Adipose Tissues in Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome
Introduction
Adipose Tissue
Why is Visceral Fat More Metabolically Dangerous?
Liver
Skeletal Muscle
Pancreas
Summary
Key Concepts (Figure 22.4)
Acknowledgments
Chapter 23. Liver Disease
Introduction
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Current Concepts and Natural History
Introducing Liver Check-Up in Diabetes
Conclusions and Future Prospects
Acknowledgments
SECTION V. Prevention and Treatment 1: Diet, Exercise, Supplements and Alternative Medicines
Chapter 24. Antioxidants, Healthy Diet, and Diabetes
Introduction
What is Oxidative Stress? ROS and RNS
General Aspects of Antioxidant Therapy
Antioxidant Molecules and Diabetes
Healthy Diet
Chapter 25. Molecular Mechanisms of Diabetes Prevention by Structurally Diverse Antioxidants
Introduction
ROS-Mediated Mechanisms of T2DM
Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Chosen Antioxidants
Conclusions
Chapter 26. Cardioprotective Roles of Selenium in Diabetes
Introduction: Selenium and Selenoproteins
Selenium Effects on the Control of Cardiac Activity
Effects of Selenium Supplementation in Diabetic Hearts
Concluding Remarks
Chapter 27. Exercise and Physical Activity in the Prevention of Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome
Diabetes
Prediabetes
Insulin Resistance
Evidence on the Role of Lifestyle Interventions in the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes
The Effect of Exercise on Insulin Resistance
The Role of Aerobic and Resistive Exercise in Preventing Diabetes
Metabolic Syndrome
Evidence on the Role of Exercise and Physical Activity in the Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome
Exercise Prescription
Summary
Chapter 28. An Overview on Nutraceuticals and Herbal Supplements for Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome
Introduction
Bitter Melon (Momordica Charantia)
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Cassia)
Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum)
Gymnema (Gymnema Sylvestre)
Prickly Pear Cactus (Nopal Species) (Opuntia Streptacantha and Fulginosa)
Other Nutraceuticals Used for The Management of Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome
Conclusion
Chapter 29. Therapeutic Effect of Fucoxanthin on Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes
Introduction
Fucoxanthin and its Absorption Mechanism
Antiobesity Effect of Fucoxanthin
Lowering Effect of Fucoxanthin on Blood Glucose
TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, and PAI-1 as Target Adipokines of Fucoxanthin
Regulatory Effect of Fucoxanthin on Pro-Inflammatory Adipokines
Effect of Fucoxanthin on GLUT4 Expression in Muscle
Conclusions
Chapter 30. Beneficial Effects of Chromium(III) and Vanadium Supplements in Diabetes
Introduction
Chromium
Vanadium
Chapter 31. Role of n-6 and n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Type 2 Diabetes
Introduction
Nutritional and Biochemical Basis of N-6 and N-3 Polyunsaturated Fat Metabolism
Fatty Acid Quality and Type 2 Diabetes
Fatty Acid Quality and Insulin Resistance
Fatty Acid Quality and Insulin Secretion
Dietary Fat Recommendations in Type 2 Diabetes
Conclusions
Chapter 32. Effects of Supplemental Fiber in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Chapter 33. The Effects of Resveratrol on Diabetes and Obesity
Introduction
Resveratrol: A Multifunctional Compound
Resveratrol and Diabetes
Resveratrol in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Effects of Resveratrol on Endothelial Cell Function and Vascular Disease
Resveratrol and Renal Effects of Diabetes
Resveratrol in Neuroprotection
Resveratrol and Fat Metabolism
Other Beneficial Effects
Conclusions
Chapter 34. Meal Plans for Diabetics
Introduction
Calorie Intake and Energy Balance
Caloric Intake and Health Consequences
Glycemic Index: Definition and General Characteristics
Metabolic, Biochemical, and Health Effects
Chapter 35. and Metabolic Diseases
Introduction
T2DM and Cluster of Metabolic Diseases
Epidemiology, Mortality, Morbidity, and Global Economic Burden
Ayurveda Understanding of Metabolic Diseases
Pathogenesis of T2DM
Oxidative Stress and Advanced Glycated End Products (AGE)
Approaches for Studying Herbals
Herbal Market: Expectations and Confusion from the Known
New Strategies for Integrated Research on Metabolic Diseases Based on Ayurveda
Acknowledgment
SECTION VI. Prevention and Treatment 2: Drugs and Pharmaceuticals
Chapter 36. The Evolution of Glucose-Lowering Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes
Introduction
Well-Established Drugs
New Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes
Drugs Currently in Development for Type 2 Diabetes
Conclusions
Chapter 37. Antidiabetic Drugs for Elderly Population
Introduction
Non-Pharmacological Therapy
Drug Therapy
Conclusions
SECTION VII. Diabetes in Animals and Treatment
Chapter 38. Diabetes Mellitus in Animals
Introduction
Diabetes in Dogs and Cats
Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus in Cats and Dogs
Monitoring Diabetic Animals
Chapter 39. Overview of Diabetes Treatment in Animals
Introduction
Types of Diabetes
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Therapy
Diabetic Remission
Monitoring of Glycemic Control
Prognosis
Diabetes in Horses
APPENDIX. Living with Diabetes: A Running Commentary
Index
Color Plates
- No. of pages: 544
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: January 25, 2012
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Hardback ISBN: 9780123850836
- eBook ISBN: 9780123850843
DB
Debasis Bagchi
Debasis Bagchi, PhD, MACN, CNS, MAIChE, received his Ph.D. in Medicinal Chemistry in 1982. He is a Professor in the Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, and Chief Scientific Officer at Cepham Research Center, Piscataway, NJ, Adjunct Faculty in Texas Southern University, Houston, TX. He served as the Senior Vice President of Research & Development of InterHealth Nutraceuticals Inc, Benicia, CA, from 1998 until Feb 2011, and then as Director of Innovation and Clinical Affairs, of Iovate Health Sciences, Oakville, ON, until June 2013. Dr. Bagchi received the Master of American College of Nutrition Award in October 2010. He is the Past Chairman of International Society of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (ISNFF), Past President of American College of Nutrition, Clearwater, FL, and Past Chair of the Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Division of Institute of Food Technologists (IFT), Chicago, IL. He is serving as a Distinguished Advisor on the Japanese Institute for Health Food Standards (JIHFS), Tokyo, Japan. Dr. Bagchi is a Member of the Study Section and Peer Review Committee of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. He has published 321 papers in peer reviewed journals, 30 books, and 18 patents. Dr. Bagchi is also a Member of the Society of Toxicology, Member of the New York Academy of Sciences, Fellow of the Nutrition Research Academy, and Member of the TCE stakeholder Committee of the Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH. He is also Associate Editor for the Journal of Functional Foods, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, and the Archives of Medical and Biomedical Research, and is also serving as Editorial Board Member of numerous peer reviewed journals, including Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, Cancer Letters, Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, and The Original Internist, among others.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, USA; Chief Scientific Officer, Cepham Research Center, Piscataway, New Jersey; Adjunct Faculty, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USASN
Sreejayan Nair
Dr. Sreejayan Nair is a Professor of Pharmacology and the Associate Dean for Research in the School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Wyoming. He also serves as the Director of the interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program in the University of Wyoming. Dr. Nair earned his bachelors, masters and PhD degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences from the College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, India. He received his post-doctoral trainings at the Department of Medicine-II, Ludwig Maximillians University, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany, and at the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN. His research interests are diabetes and cardiovascular disease. He has published over 75 research papers in peer-reviewed journals and presented at various national and international conferences. His research has been funded by the American Heart Association, American Diabetes Association, and the National Institutes of Health. He has co-edited three books related to diabetes and cardiovascular disease. He is a Fellow of the American College of Nutrition.
Affiliations and expertise
School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USARead Nutritional and Therapeutic Interventions for Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome on ScienceDirect