Nuclear Graphite
Prepared under the Auspices of the Division of Technical Information United States Atomic Energy Commission
- 1st Edition - October 2, 2013
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Editor: R. E. Nightingale
- Language: English
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 5 8 4 8 - 5
Nuclear Graphite focuses on the development and uses of nuclear graphite, including machining practices, manufacture, nuclear properties and structure, radiation, and electrical… Read more
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Request a sales quoteNuclear Graphite focuses on the development and uses of nuclear graphite, including machining practices, manufacture, nuclear properties and structure, radiation, and electrical resistance. The selection first discusses the applications of graphite in the nuclear industry, machining practices, and manufacture. Discussions focus on early, current, and future applications of graphite, impregnation, graphitization, purification, general machining techniques, and equipment and methods in the nuclear industry. The book then examines the structure and nuclear and properties of graphite. The text evaluates radiation-induced structural and dimensional changes; radiation effects on electrical and thermal properties; and radiation effects on mechanical properties. Topics include radiation effects on crystal structure, electrical resistance, thermoelectric power, magnetoresistance, coefficient of friction, irradiation under stress, and elastic moduli of nuclear graphite. The book also ponders on stored energy, annealing radiation effects, and gas-graphite systems. The selection is a dependable source of data for readers interested in the applications of nuclear graphite.
Contents
List of Contributors v
Preface
Chapter One. Graphite in the Nuclear Industry
1-1 Early Use of Nuclear Graphite
1-2 Current Applications
1-3 Future Applications
References
Chapter Two. Manufacture
2-1 Raw Materials
2-2 Forming
2-3 Baking
2-4 Impregnation
2-5 Graphitization
2-6 Purification
2-7 New Techniques
References
Chapter Three. Machining Practice
3-1 General Machining Techniques
3-2 Requirements in the Nuclear Industry
3-3 Equipment and Methods in the Nuclear Industry
3-4 Cementing Techniques
References
Chapter Four. Nuclear Properties
4-1 Nuclear Requirements for Moderator Graphite
4-2 Graphite-moderator Physics
4-3 Nuclear Purity
References
Chapter Five. Structure
5-1 Structural Units and Nomenclature
5-2 Crystal Structure
5-3 Forces Within Crystallites
5-4 X-ray Diffraction by Polycrystalline Graphite
5-5 Lattice Dimensions
5-6 Lattice Distortions and Dimensions of Crystallites
5-7 Pore Structure
5-8 Grain Structure
5.9 Structural Changes During Graphitization
References
Chapter Six. Physical Properties
6-1 Thermodynamic Properties
6-2 Thermal Properties
6-3 Electronic Band Structure
6-4 Electronic Properties
6-5 Chemical Properties
6-6 Mechanical Properties
6-7 Density
6-8 Surface Properties
6-9 Permeability
6-10 Material Designations of Electrographites
References
Chapter Seven. Theory of Radiation Effects in Graphite
7-1 Interaction of Radiation with a Solid
7-2 Displacement of Atoms in Graphite by Knock-on Atoms
7-3 Creation of Displacements in Graphite by Neutrons
7-4 Atomic Displacement Rates in Graphite in a Nuclear Reactor
7-5 Reactor Radiation Dosage Units
7-6 Nature of Radiation-induced Defects in Graphite
7-7 Glossary of Symbols
References
Chapter Eight. Irradiation Techniques
8-1 Low-temperature Irradiations
8-2 Room-temperature Irradiations
8-3 High-temperature Irradiations
8-4 Controlled-atmosphere Irradiations
8-5 Reactor-graphite Monitoring Methods
References
Chapter Nine. Radiation-Induced Structural and Dimensional Changes
9-1 Radiation Effects on Crystal Structure
9-2 Radiation Effects on Macrostructure
9-3 Dimensional Changes Near Room Temperature
9-4 Dimensional Changes at Elevated Temperatures
9-5 Dimensional Changes in Moderator Structures
References
Chapter Ten. Radiation Effects on Electrical and Thermal Properties
10-1 Electrical Resistance
10-2 Magnetoresistance
10-3 Hall Coefficient
10-4 Thermoelectric Power
10-5 Magnetic Properties
10-6 Thermal Conductivity
10-7 Specific Heat
References
Chapter Eleven. Radiation Effects on Mechanical Properties
11-1 Single Crystals
11-2 Elastic Moduli of Nuclear Graphites
11-3 Strength
11-4 Irradiation Under Stress
11-5 Hardness and Machinability
11-6 Coefficient of Friction
11-7 Mechanical-property Changes in Graphite-moderator Stacks
References
Chapter Twelve. Stored Energy
12-1 Definition and Origin
12-2 Total Stored Energy
12-3 Measurement of Stored-energy Release Curves
12-4 Release Curves in Irradiated Graphite
12-5 Theory of Energy Storage
12-6 Relation of Stored Energy to Other Radiation-induced Property Changes
12-7 Reactor Safety and Operational Aspects of Stored Energy
References
Chapter Thirteen. Annealing Radiation Effects
13-1 Introduction
13-2 Analysis of Annealing Experiments
13-3 Thermal Annealing
13-4 Radiation Annealing
13-5 Glossary of Symbols
References
Chapter Fourteen. Gas-Graphite Systems
14-1 Survey of Gas-Graphite Systems
14-2 Carbon Dioxide-Graphite System
14-3 Oxygen-Graphite System
14-4 Steam-Graphite System
14-5 Hydrogen-Graphite System
14-6 Other Gases
14-7 Inhibitors and Protective Coatings
References
Chapter Fifteen. Graphite-Metal and Graphite-Molten-salt Systems
15-1 Liquid Metals
15-2 Compatibility of Solid Metals and Graphite
15-3 Compatibility of Molten Salts and Graphite
References
Chapter Sixteen. Graphite-matrix Fuels
16-1 Advanced Fuel-element Concepts
16-2 Graphite as a Fuel Matrix
16-3 Fuel-Graphite Geometries
16-4 Fuel-element Fabrication
16-5 Effect of Fuel Loading and Particle Size on Physical Properties
16-6 Radiation Effects in Fueled Graphite
16-7 Fission-product Release from Fueled Graphite
16-8 Future Research Effort
References
Chapter Seventeen. Graphite Moderator Design
17-1 Advantages and Limitations of Graphite as a Structural Moderator
17-2 Structural Design Considerations
17-3 Reactor Moderator Designs and Operating Experience
References
Author Index
Subject Index
- Edition: 1
- Published: October 2, 2013
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Language: English
- eBook ISBN: 9781483258485
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