Non-Destructive Material Characterization Methods

1st Edition - September 1, 2023
Editors: Akira Otsuki, Seiko Jose, Manasa Mohan, Sabu Thomas
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 1 5 0 - 4
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 8 4 7 8 - 2

Non-Destructive Material Characterization Methods provides readers with a trove of theoretical and practical insight into how to implement different non-destructive testing m… Read more

Purchase options

LIMITED OFFER

Save 50% on book bundles

Immediately download your ebook while waiting for your print delivery. No promo code is needed.

Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect

Request a sales quote

Non-Destructive Material Characterization Methods provides readers with a trove of theoretical and practical insight into how to implement different non-destructive testing methods for effective material characterization. The book starts with an introduction to the field before moving right into a discussion of a wide range of techniques that can be immediately implemented. Various imaging and microscopy techniques are first covered, with step-by-step insights on characterization using a polarized microscope, an atomic force microscope, computed tomography, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, infrared tomography, and more. Each chapter includes case studies, applications, and recent developments.

From there, elemental assay and mapping techniques are discussed, including Raman spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, neutron activation analysis, and various others. The book concludes with sections covering displacement measurement techniques, large-scale facility techniques, and methods involving multiscale analysis and advanced analysis.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. Introduction to non-destructive material characterizations
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Non-destructive material characterization methods beyond the conventional non-destructive testings
1.3 Conclusions
References
Chapter 2. Optical microscope: interferometric and non-interferometric optical microscopy techniques
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Optical interferometry techniques
2.3 Optical non-interferometric techniques
2.4 Summary and future perspectives
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 3. Polarized microscopy
Abstract
3.1 Introduction: basic principles and instrumentation
3.2 Sample preparation
3.3 Observations under crossed polarizers: interference colors
3.4 Crystallographic orientations and extinction positions
3.5 Compensators and retardation plates
3.6 Conoscopic observations
3.7 Observations with one polarizer: pleochroism, relief, Becke line
3.8 Summary and future perspectives
References
Chapter 4. Atomic force microscopy
Abstract
4.1 Introduction and principle of atomic force microscopy
4.2 Surface characterization using atomic force microscopy
4.3 Measurements of interaction forces by atomic force microscopy
4.4 Summary and future outlook
References
Chapter 5. Non-destructive imaging of buried interfaces using decelerated electron-beam in scanning electron microscopy
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Principles
5.3 Electron flight simulation
5.4 Non-destructive imaging
5.5 Summary
Acknowledgments
References
Further reading
Chapter 6. Scanning probe microscope
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Working principles of scanning probe microscopes
6.3 Scanning probe microscope methods
6.4 Scanning probe microscope applications
6.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7. Transmission electron microscope
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Principle
7.3 Instrumentation
7.4 Features
7.5 Application
References
Chapter 8. Neutrons—characteristics and sources
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Neutron sources
8.3 Outlook and further perspectives
References
Chapter 9. Neutron imaging
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Principles of neutron imaging
9.3 Examples from neutron imaging studies
9.4 Outlook
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 10. Infrared thermography: philosophy, approaches, analysis—processing, and guidelines
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Data analysis
10.3 Modeling and simulation
10.4 Relevant standard
10.5 Case study
10.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 11. Non-destructive material testing in welding: ultrasonic scanning
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Non-destructive characterization of welded parts—ultrasonic testing
11.3 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Further reading
Chapter 12. Diffraction with X-rays and neutrons
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Interaction of X-rays with electrons (materials)
12.3 Data analysis: Patterson function
12.4 Surface/interface diffraction
12.5 Neutron diffraction
References
Chapter 13. Raman spectroscopy—part one
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Immersion in turbid media and reactive media
13.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14. Raman spectroscopy—part two
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Monitoring of a specific physical characteristic
14.3 Raman imaging
14.4 Field measurements
14.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 15. UV–Vis spectroscopy in non-destructive testing
Abstract
15.1 Preface
15.2 Introduction
15.3 Principles
15.4 UV–Vis spectroscopy analysis, absorption spectrum, and data analysis
15.5 Major applications of UV–Vis spectroscopy
15.6 UV–Vis spectroscopy as non-destructive testing tools
15.7 Advantages of UV–Vis spectrophotometry as non-destructive testing tool
15.8 Future potentials
15.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 16. Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques: non-destructive compositional, electronic, chemical and structural in-depth characterization in the tens-of-nanometer scale
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Physical principles
16.3 Excitation sources and instrumentation
16.4 Experimental methodology and selected application examples
16.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 17. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy
Abstract
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Basic principle
17.3 Detection systems
17.4 Samples preparation
17.5 Advantages and limitations
17.6 XRF instrumentation
17.7 Application of x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy
17.8 Summary
References
Chapter 18. Mass spectrometry
Abstract
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Basic principle
18.3 Instrumentation
18.4 Sampling preparation
18.5 Data analysis
18.6 Major application
18.7 Relevant standards
18.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 19. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Abstract
19.1 The atomic spectra and their use in chemical analysis
19.2 The atomic absorption spectrophotometer
19.3 Interferences in atomic absorption spectrophotometry
19.4 Analysis using atomic absorption spectrophotometry
19.5 The future of atomic absorption spectrophotometry
References
Chapter 20. Dielectric spectroscopy and techniques
Abstract
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Measurement techniques
20.3 Data-treatment
20.4 Summary
References
Further reading
Chapter 21. Chemical analysis with neutrons
Abstract
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Physical principles and theory
21.3 Instrumental neutron activation analysis
21.4 Prompt gamma activation analysis
21.5 Good laboratory practice, quality management for prompt gamma activation analysis and neutron activation analysis
21.6 Further methods
21.7 Characteristics and applications
21.8 Activation analysis facilities at research reactors
21.9 Outlook
References
Chapter 22. X-ray stress analysis
Abstract
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Fundamentals of X-ray diffraction
22.3 Stress analysis
22.4 Summary
References
Chapter 23. Non-destructive testing of ferromagnetic steel components based on their magnetic response
Abstract
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Non-destructive testing based on the magnetization mechanisms: the targeted properties
23.3 The magnetization mechanisms
23.4 Some examples of the link between the targeted properties and the magnetization mechanisms
23.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 24. Cloud-based non-destructive characterization
Abstract
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Backgrounds and basic definition
24.3 Industrial cloud computing
24.4 Cloud-based non-destructive testing and evaluation techniques
24.5 Challenges and opportunities in CNDCT
24.6 Case studies
24.7 Conclusion and viewpoints
References
Chapter 25. Complementary results of non-destructive elemental assay and liberation analysis of waste printed circuit boards
Abstract
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Non-destructive characterization of the printed circuit board for selective liberation and enrichment of metals
25.3 Summary and future perspectives
References
Chapter 26. Future perspectives on non-destructive material characterization methods towards sustainability and circular economy
Abstract
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Complexity and heterogeneity
26.3 Coupling multiple methods to capture material characteristics from different angles
26.4 Conclusions
References
Index

Akira Otsuki

Dr. Akira Otsuki is a Visiting Professor at Luleå University of Technology, and the Unit coordinator and leading professor of the unit “Mine Tailings” at Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez. He is a member of several academic societies as well as an editor of academic journals including ChemEngineering and Recycling. He also serves as a guest editor of special issues, including “Colloidal/Fine Particle Aspects of Mine Tailings”. His research focuses on characterization and processing of complex materials, including waste materials, natural ores, and colloids. He has been developing and running national and international research projects on his research focuses.

Affiliations and expertise

Luleå University of Technology

Seiko Jose

Seiko Jose PhD is a scientist, working at ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India. He has over 17 years’ experience in textiles including time spent in industry and academia. His industrial experience is focused on wet processing of cotton, silk, and linen processing units. For the last 8 eight years of his research career, he has worked with a range of natural fibres such as, wool, jute, pineapple leaf fibre, coir, flax, and ramie. He has contributed to 30 research papers and 9 book chapters. His major research areas are extraction and characterization of natural fibre, textile dyeing and finishing, eco-friendly textile processing, natural fibre composites, and natural dyes.

Affiliations and expertise

Scientist, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India

Manasa Mohan

Dr. Manasa Mohan A. graduated in 2010 from University of Kerala, India, completing post-graduation with first rank from the Department of Chemistry, and also received a gold medal in chemistry from the University of Kerala. She completed her PhD in polymer-based drug delivery systems in 2018. She is now working as a Kothari postdoctoral fellow in Mahathma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala.

Affiliations and expertise

Kothari postdoctoral fellow, School of Energy Materials, Mahathma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India

Sabu Thomas

Professor Sabu Thomas is the Director of Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India. He is also currently the Chairman of the Trivandrum Engineering Science and Technology Research Park (TrESPARK), Trivandrum, Kerala, India. He was the former Vice Chancellor of Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India. Prof. Thomas is a highly committed teacher and a remarkably active researcher well-known nationally and internationally for his outstanding contributions in polymer science and nanotechnology. He has published over 1400 research articles in international refereed journals. and has also edited and written 210 books. His H-index is 140 and total citations are more than 94,000. He has supervised 125 PhD theses. He has received many international and national awards and recognitions. Under the leadership of Prof. Thomas, Mahatma Gandhi University has been transformed into a top University in India.

Affiliations and expertise

Full Professor, International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India