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Non-crimp fabric (NCF) composites are reinforced with mats of straight (non-crimped) fibres, giving them such advantages as strength, ease of handling and low manufacturing costs.… Read more
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Introduction
Part I: Manufacturing of non-crimp fabrics
Chapter 1: Production of non-crimp fabrics for composites
Abstract:
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Warp-knitted non-crimp fabric (NCF)
1.3 Weft-knitted NCF
1.4 Non-crimp woven fabrics
1.5 3D woven and non-interlaced NCF
1.6 Fixation by adhesion
1.7 Comparison of production technologies
1.8 Future trends
1.9 Acknowledgments
Chapter 2: Standardisation of production technologies for non-crimp fabric composites
Abstract:
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Classification and standardisation of non-crimp fabric (NCF) production methods
2.3 Outstanding patents of existing machines for the production of NCFs
2.4 The ‘Hexcel patent’ – EP 0972102 B1
2.5 Product patents in the production of NCFs
2.6 Immobilisation of adhesive on the surface of semi-finished textile products (DE 102008004112 A1)
Chapter 3: Structural stitching of non-crimp fabric preforms for composites
Abstract:
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Threads for structural stitching technology
3.3 Stitching technology and sewing machines
3.4 Quality aspects for structural stitching
3.5 Applications and future trends
Chapter 4: Understanding and modelling the effect of stitching on the geometry of non-crimp fabrics
Abstract:
4.1 Introduction
4.2 General parameters of the fibrous plies
4.3 Geometry of the stitching
4.4 Distortions of fibres in the plies
4.5 Change of the geometry after shear
4.6 A geometrical model of NCF
4.7 Conclusion
Chapter 5: Automated analysis of defects in non-crimp fabrics for composites
Abstract:
5.1 Motivation
5.2 Quality characteristics of non-crimp fabric (NCF)
5.3 Quality analysis of NCF by digital image analysis
5.4 Future trends
Part II: Manufacturing of non-crimp fabric composites
Chapter 6: Deformability of textile performs in the manufacture of non-crimp fabric composites
Abstract:
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Shear
6.3 Biaxial tension
6.4 Compression
6.5 Bending
6.6 Conclusion
Chapter 7: Modelling the deformability of biaxial non-crimp fabric composites
Abstract:
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Behaviour of fabric architecture on the shear and draping behaviour of non-crimp fabrics (NCFs)
7.3 Modelling strategies for NCF forming
7.4 Energy-based kinematic mapping
7.5 Finite element modelling of forming for NCFs
7.6 Future trends
7.7 Further information and advice
Chapter 8: Permeability of non-crimp fabric preforms
Abstract:
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Experimental permeability results
8.3 Geometric effects
8.4 Deformation and permeability
8.5 Conclusions
8.6 Acknowledgements
8.8 Appendix: nomenclature
Chapter 9: Understanding variability in the permeability of non-crimp fabric composite reinforcements
Abstract:
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Material characterisation
9.3 Permeability measurement
9.4 Modelling and simulation
9.5 Future trends
Chapter 10: Modelling of the permeability of non-crimp fabrics for composites
Abstract:
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Numerical simulation
10.3 Experimental validation
10.4 Parametric study
10.5 Influence of shear
10.6 Conclusion
10.7 Acknowledgements
Part III: Properties of non-crimp fabric composites
Chapter 11: Mechanical properties of non-crimp fabric (NCF) based composites: stiffness and strength
Abstract:
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Materials and composite production
11.3 Test procedures
11.4 Mechanical properties of non-crimp fabric (NCF) composites
11.5 Mechanical properties of composites based on sheared MMCF
11.6 Damage development in B2 (0°/90°) laminates
11.8 Damage initiation in non-sheared and sheared materials
11.9 Conclusions
Chapter 12: Damage progression in non-crimp fabric composites
Abstract:
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Damage progression in non-crimp fabric (NCF) composites due to in-plane loading
12.3 Damage progression in impacted NCF composites
12.4 Conclusions
Chapter 13: Fatigue in non-crimp fabric composites
Abstract:
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Fatigue in non-crimp fabric (NCF) composites
13.3 Post-fatigue residual properties
13.4 Conclusions and open questions
13.6 Appendix
Chapter 14: Mechanical properties of structurally stitched non-crimp fabric composites
Abstract:
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Materials and stitching configurations
14.3 Characterisation of structurally stitched NCF laminates
14.4 Simulation of mechanical behaviour of structurally stitched laminates
14.5 Conclusions and future trends
Chapter 15: Predicting the effect of stitching on the mechanical properties and damage of non-crimp fabric composites: finite element analysis
Abstract:
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Representative volume element (RVE) of noncrimp fabric (NCF) composites
15.3 Elastic analysis
15.4 Damage accumulation in NCF composites
15.5 Conclusions
Chapter 16: Modelling drape, stress and impact behaviour of non-crimp fabric composites
Abstract:
16.1 Finite element (FE) methods for drape, stress and impact analysis
16.2 Laminate analysis and FE stiffness for non-crimp fabric (NCF)
16.3 FE methods for infusion analysis
16.4 Draping and FE simulation
16.5 Infusion simulation
16.6 Stiffness and failure
16.7 Impact and failure
Chapter 17: Modelling stiffness and strength of non-crimp fabric composites: semi-laminar analysis
Abstract:
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Stiffness models
17.3 Strength models for non-crimp fabric (NCF) composites
17.4 Conclusions
Part IV: Applications of non-crimp fabric composites
Chapter 18: Aerospace applications of non-crimp fabric composites
Abstract:
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Aeronautic requirements
18.3 Application examples
18.4 Future trends
Chapter 19: Non-crimp fabric: preforming analysis for helicopter applications
Abstract:
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Preform techniques for non-crimp fabrics (NCFs)
19.3 Main NCF deformation mechanism observed during preforming
19.4 Preforming defect analysis
19.5 Conclusion and future trends
Chapter 20: Automotive applications of non-crimp fabric composites
Abstract:
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Applications of non-crimp fabrics (NCF) in the automotive industry
20.3 Research and development for the use of NCF in automotive applications
20.4 Future trends
20.5 Conclusion
Chapter 21: Non-crimp fabric composites in wind turbines
Abstract:
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Development of non-crimp fabric (NCF) composites in wind energy
21.3 NCF materials used in nacelle construction
21.4 Future trends
Chapter 22: Cost analysis in using non-crimp fabric composites in engineering applications
Abstract:
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Costing methodologies: current approaches
22.3 Technical cost modelling
22.4 Case study: 40 m wind turbine blade shell
22.5 Acknowledgements
Index
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