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Nolte's The Human Brain
An Introduction to its Functional Anatomy
- 9th Edition - March 11, 2025
- Authors: Todd W. Vanderah, Douglas J. Gould
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 2 6 8 6 - 4
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 2 7 5 0 - 2
Acquiring a solid understanding of the gross anatomy of the brain, spinal cord, and brainstem is a challenging task—one that’s made easier and more enjoyable with Nolte's The H… Read more
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Request a sales quoteAcquiring a solid understanding of the gross anatomy of the brain, spinal cord, and brainstem is a challenging task—one that’s made easier and more enjoyable with Nolte's The Human Brain: An Introduction to Its Functional Anatomy, 9th Edition. This highly regarded textbook demystifies the complexities of all key topics in functional neuroanatomy and neuroscience, using a clear writing style, interesting examples, and high-quality visual cues to provide the ideal depth of well-rounded coverage.
- Uses a succinct, easy-to-understand writing style and plentiful diagrams to help you understand a difficult and often intimidating subject.
- Features highly templated, concise chapters that reinforce and expand your knowledge.
- Includes more Clinical Focus Boxes throughout, including neuropathology and neuropharmacology.
- Provides a real-life perspective through clinically relevant examples, up-to-date neuroimaging techniques, integrated coverage of neurogenetics and neuroimmunology, and superb illustrations that support and explain the text.
- Features a glossary of key terms that elucidates every part of the text, complemented by 3-dimensional images of the brain and the most up-to-date terminology throughout.
- Helps you gauge your mastery of the material and build confidence with multiple choice questions that provide effective chapter review and quick practice for your exams.
- An eBook version is included with purchase. The eBook allows you to access all of the text and figures, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud.
Evolve Instructor site with an image and test bank is available to instructors through their Elsevier sales rep or via request at https://evolve.elsevier.com.
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- Title of Book
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
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- Copyright
- Preface
- In Memoriam
- 1. Introduction to the Nervous System
- Chapter Outline
- THE NERVOUS SYSTEM HAS CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL PARTS
- THE PRINCIPAL CELLULAR ELEMENTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM ARE NEURONS AND GLIAL CELLS
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Readings
- 2. Development of the Nervous System
- Abstract
- Chapter Outline
- THE NEURAL TUBE GIVES RISE TO THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
- THE NEURAL CREST AND CRANIAL PLACODES GIVE RISE TO THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
- ADVERSE EVENTS DURING DEVELOPMENT CAN CAUSE CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Readings
- 3. Gross Anatomy and General Organization of the Central Nervous System
- Abstract
- Chapter Outline
- THE LONG AXIS OF THE CNS BENDS AT THE CEPHALIC FLEXURE
- HEMISECTING A BRAIN REVEALS PARTS OF THE DIENCEPHALON, BRAINSTEM, AND VENTRICULAR SYSTEM
- HUMANS, RELATIVE TO OTHER ANIMALS, HAVE LARGE BRAINS AND MANY NEURONS
- NAMED SULCI AND GYRI COVER THE CEREBRAL SURFACE
- THE DIENCEPHALON INCLUDES THE THALAMUS AND HYPOTHALAMUS
- MOST CRANIAL NERVES ARE ATTACHED TO THE BRAINSTEM
- THE CEREBELLUM INCLUDES A VERMIS AND TWO HEMISPHERES
- SECTIONS OF THE FOREBRAIN REVEAL THE BASAL NUCLEI AND LIMBIC STRUCTURES
- PARTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM ARE INTERCONNECTED IN SYSTEMATIC WAYS (GENERALIZATIONS)
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- Answers available in the Appendix.
- Suggested Readings
- 4. Meningeal Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
- Abstract
- Chapter Outline
- THE THREE MENINGEAL LAYERS: THE DURA MATER, ARACHNOID MATER, AND PIA MATER
- THE DURA MATER PROVIDES MECHANICAL STRENGTH
- THE ARACHNOID MATER
- PIA MATER COVERS THE SURFACE OF THE CNS
- LYMPHATICS OF THE CNS
- THE VERTEBRAL CANAL CONTAINS A SPINAL EPIDURAL SPACE
- BLEEDING CAN OPEN UP POTENTIAL MENINGEAL SPACES
- PARTS OF THE CNS CAN HERNIATE FROM ONE INTRACRANIAL COMPARTMENT INTO ANOTHER
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Readings
- 5. Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid
- Abstract
- Chapter Outline
- THE BRAIN CONTAINS FOUR VENTRICLES
- CHOROID PLEXUS IS THE SOURCE OF MOST CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
- IMAGING TECHNIQUES ALLOW NONINVASIVE VISUALIZATION OF THE CNS
- DISRUPTION OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID CIRCULATION CAN CAUSE HYDROCEPHALUS
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- Suggested Readings
- 6. Blood Supply of the Brain
- Chapter Outline
- THE INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERIES AND VERTEBRAL ARTERIES SUPPLY THE BRAIN
- IMAGING TECHNIQUES ALLOW ARTERIES AND VEINS TO BE VISUALIZED
- A SYSTEM OF BARRIERS PARTIALLY SEPARATES THE NERVOUS SYSTEM FROM THE REST OF THE BODY
- SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP VEINS DRAIN THE BRAIN
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- Suggested Readings
- 7. Electrical Signaling by Neurons
- Chapter Outline
- A LIPID-PROTEIN MEMBRANE SEPARATES INTRACELLULAR AND EXTRACELLULAR FLUIDS
- INPUTS TO NEURONS CAUSE SLOW, LOCAL POTENTIAL CHANGES
- ACTION POTENTIALS CONVEY INFORMATION OVER LONG DISTANCES
- RESISTORS, CAPACITORS, AND NEURONAL MEMBRANES
- CALCULATING THE MEMBRANE POTENTIAL
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- Suggested Readings
- 8. Synaptic Transmission Between Neurons
- Chapter Outline
- There Are Five Steps in Conventional Chemical Synaptic Transmission
- Synaptic Transmission Can Be Rapid and Point-to-Point, or Slow and Often Diffuse
- Synaptic Strength Can Be Facilitated or Depressed
- Most Neurotransmitters Are Small Amine Molecules, Amino Acids, or Neuropeptides
- Gap Junctions Mediate Direct Current Flow From One Neuron to Another
- Review Questions
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Readings
- 9. Sensory Receptors and the Peripheral Nervous System
- Chapter Outline
- RECEPTORS ENCODE THE NATURE, LOCATION, INTENSITY, AND DURATION OF STIMULI
- SOMATOSENSORY RECEPTORS DETECT MECHANICAL, CHEMICAL, OR THERMAL CHANGES
- PERIPHERAL NERVES CONVEY INFORMATION TO AND FROM THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Readings
- 10. Spinal Cord
- Chapter outline
- THE SPINAL CORD IS SEGMENTED
- ALL LEVELS OF THE SPINAL CORD HAVE A SIMILAR CROSS-SECTIONAL STRUCTURE
- THE SPINAL CORD IS INVOLVED IN SENSORY PROCESSING, MOTOR OUTFLOW, AND REFLEXES
- SPINAL GRAY MATTER IS REGIONALLY SPECIALIZED
- REFLEX CIRCUITRY IS BUILT INTO THE SPINAL CORD
- ASCENDING AND DESCENDING PATHWAYS HAVE DEFINED LOCATIONS IN THE SPINAL WHITE MATTER
- THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM MONITORS AND CONTROLS VISCERAL ACTIVITY
- A LONGITUDINAL NETWORK OF ARTERIES SUPPLIES THE SPINAL CORD
- SPINAL CORD DAMAGE CAUSES PREDICTABLE DEFICITS
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- Suggested Readings
- 11. Organization of the Brainstem
- Abstract
- Chapter Outline
- THE BRAINSTEM HAS CONDUIT, CRANIAL NERVE, AND INTEGRATIVE FUNCTIONS
- THE MEDULLA, PONS, AND MIDBRAIN HAVE CHARACTERISTIC GROSS ANATOMICAL FEATURES
- THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE BRAINSTEM REFLECTS SURFACE FEATURES AND THE POSITION OF LONG TRACTS
- THE RETICULAR CORE OF THE BRAINSTEM IS INVOLVED IN MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS
- SOME BRAINSTEM NUCLEI HAVE DISTINCTIVE NEUROCHEMICAL SIGNATURES
- THE BRAINSTEM IS SUPPLIED BY THE VERTEBRAL-BASILAR SYSTEM
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- Suggested Readings
- 12. Cranial Nerves and Their Nuclei
- Abstract
- Chapter Outline
- CRANIAL NERVE NUCLEI HAVE A GENERALLY PREDICTABLE ARRANGEMENT
- CRANIAL NERVES III, IV, VI, XI, AND XII CONTAIN SOMATIC MOTOR FIBERS
- BRANCHIOMERIC NERVES CONTAIN AXONS FROM MULTIPLE CATEGORIES
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- Suggested Readings
- 13. The Chemical Senses of Taste and Smell
- Chapter Outline
- THE PERCEPTION OF FLAVOR INVOLVES GUSTATORY, OLFACTORY, TRIGEMINAL, AND OTHER INPUTS
- TASTE IS MEDIATED BY RECEPTORS IN TASTE BUDS INNERVATED BY CRANIAL NERVES VII, IX, AND X
- OLFACTION IS MEDIATED BY RECEPTORS THAT PROJECT DIRECTLY TO THE TELENCEPHALON
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- Suggested Readings
- 14. Hearing and Balance: The Eighth Cranial Nerve
- Chapter Outline
- AUDITORY AND VESTIBULAR RECEPTOR CELLS ARE LOCATED IN THE WALLS OF THE MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH
- THE COCHLEAR DIVISION OF THE EIGHTH NERVE CONVEYS INFORMATION ABOUT SOUND
- THE VESTIBULAR DIVISION OF THE EIGHTH NERVE CONVEYS INFORMATION ABOUT LINEAR AND ANGULAR ACCELERATION OF THE HEAD
- POSITION SENSE IS MEDIATED BY THE VESTIBULAR, PROPRIOCEPTIVE, AND VISUAL SYSTEMS ACTING TOGETHER
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- Suggested Readings
- 15. Atlas of the Human Brainstem
- 16. The Thalamus and Internal Capsule: Getting to and From the Cerebral Cortex
- Abstract
- Chapter Outline
- THE DIENCEPHALON INCLUDES THE EPITHALAMUS, SUBTHALAMUS, HYPOTHALAMUS, AND THALAMUS
- The Thalamus Is the Gateway to the Cerebral Cortex
- INTERCONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE CEREBRAL CORTEX AND SUBCORTICAL STRUCTURES TRAVEL THROUGH THE INTERNAL CAPSULE
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Readings
- 17. The Visual System
- Chapter Outline
- THE EYE HAS THREE CONCENTRIC TISSUE LAYERS AND A LENS
- THE RETINA CONTAINS FIVE MAJOR NEURONAL CELL TYPES
- RETINAL NEURONS TRANSLATE PATTERNS OF LIGHT INTO PATTERNS OF CONTRAST
- HALF OF THE VISUAL FIELD OF EACH EYE IS MAPPED SYSTEMATICALLY IN THE CONTRALATERAL CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE
- PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX SORTS VISUAL INFORMATION AND DISTRIBUTES IT TO OTHER CORTICAL AREAS
- EARLY EXPERIENCE HAS PERMANENT EFFECTS ON THE VISUAL SYSTEM
- REFLEX CIRCUITS ADJUST THE SIZE OF THE PUPIL AND THE FOCAL LENGTH OF THE LENS
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- Suggested Readings
- 18. Overview of Motor Systems
- Abstract
- Chapter outline
- EACH LOWER MOTOR NEURON INNERVATES A GROUP OF MUSCLE FIBERS, FORMING A MOTOR UNIT
- MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEMS INVOLVE BOTH HIERARCHICAL AND PARALLEL CONNECTIONS
- THE CORTICOSPINAL TRACT HAS MULTIPLE ORIGINS AND TERMINATIONS
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- Suggested Readings
- 19. Basal Nuclei
- Abstract
- Chapter outline
- The Basal Nuclei Include Five Major Groups of Cells
- Basal Nuclei Circuitry Involves Multiple Parallel Loops That Modulate Cortical Output
- Interconnections of the Basal Nuclei Determine the Pattern of Their Outputs
- Perforating Branches From the Cerebral Arterial Circle (of Willis) Supply the Basal Nuclei
- Many Basal Nuclei Disorders Result in Abnormalities of Movement
- Review Questions
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Readings
- 20. Cerebellum
- Abstract
- Chapter Outline
- The Cerebellum Can Be Divided Into Both Transverse and Longitudinal Zones
- Cerebellar Cortex Receives Multiple Inputs
- Each Longitudinal Zone Has a Distinctive Output
- Clinical Syndromes Correspond to Functional Zones
- Review Questions
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Readings
- 21. Eye Movements
- Chapter outline
- SIX EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES MOVE THE EYE IN THE ORBIT
- FAST AND SLOW CONJUGATE EYE MOVEMENTS
- CHANGES IN OBJECT DISTANCE REQUIRE VERGENCE MOVEMENTS
- THE BASAL NUCLEI AND CEREBELLUM PARTICIPATE IN EYE MOVEMENT CONTROL
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Readings
- 22. Cerebral Cortex
- Abstract
- Chapter Outline
- Most Cerebral Cortex Is Neocortex
- Neocortical Areas Are Specialized for Different Functions
- The Corpus Callosum Unites the Two Cerebral Hemispheres
- Consciousness and Sleep Are Active Processes
- Review Questions
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Readings
- 23. Drives and Emotions: The Hypothalamus and Limbic System
- Chapter Outline
- THE HYPOTHALAMUS COORDINATES DRIVE-RELATED BEHAVIORS
- LIMBIC STRUCTURES ARE INTERPOSED BETWEEN THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND NEOCORTEX
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Readings
- 24. Formation, Modification, and Repair of Neuronal Connections
- Chapter Outline
- BOTH NEURONS AND CONNECTIONS ARE PRODUCED IN EXCESS DURING DEVELOPMENT
- SYNAPTIC CONNECTIONS ARE ADJUSTED THROUGHOUT LIFE
- PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM REPAIR IS MORE EFFECTIVE THAN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM REPAIR
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- Suggested Readings
- 25. Atlas of the Human Forebrain
- Answers to the Review Questions
- CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION TO THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
- CHAPTER 2DEVELOPMENT OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
- CHAPTER 3GROSS ANATOMY AND GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
- CHAPTER 4MENINGEAL COVERINGS OF THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
- CHAPTER 5VENTRICLES AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
- CHAPTER 6BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE BRAIN
- CHAPTER 7ELECTRICAL SIGNALING BY NEURONS
- CHAPTER 8SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION BETWEEN NEURONS
- CHAPTER 9SENSORY RECEPTORS AND THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
- CHAPTER 10Spinal cord
- CHAPTER 11ORGANIZATION OF THE BRAINSTEM
- CHAPTER 12CRANIAL NERVES AND THEIR NUCLEI
- CHAPTER 13THE CHEMICAL SENSES OF TASTE AND SMELL
- CHAPTER 14HEARING AND BALANCE: THE EIGHTH CRANIAL NERVE
- CHAPTER 16THE THALAMUS AND INTERNAL CAPSULE: GETTING TO AND FROM THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
- CHAPTER 18OVERVIEW OF MOTOR SYSTEMS
- CHAPTER 19BASAL NUCLEI
- CHAPTER 20CEREBELLUM
- CHAPTER 22CEREBRAL CORTEX
- CHAPTER 23DRIVES AND EMOTIONS: THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND LIMBIC SYSTEM
- CHAPTER 24FORMATION, MODIFICATION, AND REPAIR OF NEURONAL CONNECTIONS
- Glossary
- Index
- In Side Back Cover
- Confidence is ClinicalKey
- No. of pages: 704
- Language: English
- Edition: 9
- Published: March 11, 2025
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Paperback ISBN: 9780443126864
- eBook ISBN: 9780443127502
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Todd W. Vanderah
Todd W. Vanderah is Regents Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacology, Co-Director of the MD/PhD Program at the University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
Affiliations and expertise
Regents Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacology, Co-Director of the MD/PhD Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USADG
Douglas J. Gould
Douglas J. Gould is Distinguished Professor and Chair in the Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan.
Affiliations and expertise
Distinguished Professor and Chair, Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan, USA