Nickel Base Single Crystals Across Length Scales

1st Edition - September 28, 2021
Editors: Loeïz Nazé, Vincent Maurel, Gunther Eggeler, Jonathan Cormier, Georges Cailletaud
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 9 3 5 7 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 9 3 5 8 - 7

Nickel Base Single Crystals Across Length Scales is addresses the most advanced knowledge in metallurgy and computational mechanics and how they are applied to superalloys used a… Read more

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Nickel Base Single Crystals Across Length Scales is addresses the most advanced knowledge in metallurgy and computational mechanics and how they are applied to superalloys used as bare materials or with a thermal barrier coating system. Joining both aspects, the book helps readers understand the mechanisms driving properties and their evolution from fundamental to application level. These guidelines are helpful for students and researchers who wish to understand issues and solutions, optimize materials, and model them in a cross-check analysis, from the atomistic to component scale. The book is useful for students and engineers as it explores processing, characterization and design.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
Foreword: Ni-base superalloy single crystals, a fascinating class of high temperature engineering materials
Bibliography
Part I: Introduction and basics
Chapter 1: Past, present, and future of SX superalloys
Abstract
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Implementation of Ni-base alloys in the industry (1880–1940)
1.3. Superalloy development for aeronautical applications (1940–1960)
1.4. Microstructure monitoring in cast superalloys (1960–1980)
1.5. The “Golden Age” of SX Ni-base superalloys (1980–2005)
1.6. Beyond present industrial Ni-base SX (2005–)
Bibliography
Chapter 2: Fundamentals: alloy thermodynamics and kinetics of diffusion
Abstract
2.1. General considerations
2.2. Thermodynamics of multicomponent multiphase systems and the CALPHAD method of CALculating PHase Diagrams
2.3. Multicomponent diffusion
2.4. Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 3: Crystal orientation and elastic properties
Abstract
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Euler angles and rotation matrices
3.3. Representations of the elastic stiffness for cubic symmetry
3.4. Application to the tension test
3.5. The shear coefficients
3.6. Determination of the elastic stiffness components
3.7. The elastic properties of the isolated γ and γ′ phases
Bibliography
Chapter 4: Microstructure and chemical characterization
Abstract
Glossary
Acknowledgements
4.1. General description of the microstructure
4.2. Microstructure characterization studied from the macroscopic to microscopic scale
4.3. Crystal structure defects' observation and characterization
4.4. Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 5: Mechanical characterization at high temperature
Abstract
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Environment effects in testing at high temperatures
5.3. Uniaxial testing under isothermal conditions
5.4. Multiaxial loading under isothermal conditions
5.5. Nonisothermal loading
5.6. Small-scale testing
5.7. In-situ testing by means of high energy radiation
5.8. Damage and crack characterization
Bibliography
Chapter 6: Elementary deformation processes in high temperature plasticity of Ni- and Co-base single-crystal superalloys with γ/γ′ microstructures
Abstract
6.1. Introduction and focus
6.2. Fundamentals
6.3. Yield phenomena
6.4. Creep
6.5. Summary and strategies to improve mechanical properties
Bibliography
Part II: Building SX parts
Chapter 7: Processing of directionally cast nickel-base superalloys: solidification and heat treatments
Abstract
Acknowledgements
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Directional solidification and related defects
7.3. Heat treatments and microstructure optimizations
7.4. Mechanical properties sensitivity to the processing parameters
7.5. Conclusions
Bibliography
Chapter 8: Aging
Abstract
8.1. Microstructure evolution in the bulk and effect on the mechanical performance
8.2. Oxidation, diffusion, and mechanical coupling for bare and coated SX superalloy
Bibliography
Chapter 9: Refurbishment
Abstract
Acknowledgements
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Refurbishment
9.3. Cleaning
9.4. Fluoride ion cleaning (FIC)
9.5. Patching and brazing
9.6. Redimensioning
9.7. Rejuvenation
9.8. Recoating
9.9. Conclusions
Bibliography
Chapter 10: Coated single crystal superalloys: processing, characterization, and modeling of protective coatings
Abstract
Glossary
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Innovative materials and coating processes
10.3. Characterizing properties of protective coating systems
10.4. Properties of protective coating systems
10.5. Evolution of TBC microstructure and associated damage under thermal and thermo-mechanical loads
10.6. Challenges due to ingested mineral particles CMAS
10.7. Modeling issues
Bibliography
Part III: Appropriate scale modeling, scale bridging methods
Chapter 11: Atomic-scale modeling of superalloys
Abstract
Acknowledgements
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Methods
11.3. Thermodynamic stability
11.4. Point defects
11.5. Line defects
11.6. Interfaces and planar defects
11.7. Microstructure and defect–defect interactions
11.8. Limitations of atomistic simulations for superalloy design
11.9. Summary: modeling Ni-base superalloys from electrons to microstructures
Bibliography
Chapter 12: Discrete dislocation dynamics
Abstract
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Modeling multiphase materials with DDD
12.3. Modeling high temperature dislocation properties with DDD
12.4. 3D-DDD simulations of Ni-base alloys
Bibliography
Chapter 13: Phase field models for modeling microstructure evolution in single-crystal Ni-base superalloys
Abstract
Acknowledgements
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Cuboidal microstructures in Ni-base superalloys
13.3. Microstructure evolution under stress: extension to continuous plasticity
13.4. Microstructure evolution under stress: plasticity with individual dislocations
13.5. Perspectives
Bibliography
Chapter 14: Crystal plasticity models: dislocation based
Abstract
14.1. Introduction
14.2. From individual dislocations to continuum plasticity
14.3. Estimation of local stresses
14.4. Dislocation-based crystal plasticity models
14.5. Comparison of some published crystal plasticity models for Ni-base single crystals
Bibliography
Chapter 15: Crystal plasticity models: phenomenological approach
Abstract
Acknowledgements
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Generic formulation
15.3. Anatomy of the general model formulation
15.4. Applications
Bibliography
Chapter 16: Crystal plasticity and damage at cracks and notches in nickel-base single-crystal superalloys
Abstract
16.1. Introduction
16.2. Crystal plasticity at a crack tip in single crystals
16.3. Slip and kink banding at notches in single crystals
16.4. Continuum damage modeling of single-crystal superalloys
16.5. Conclusions and prospects
Bibliography
Part IV: Application to engineering cases
Chapter 17: Implementation of constitutive equations for single crystals in finite element codes
Abstract
Glossary
17.1. General form for the constitutive equations
17.2. A small strain constitutive model for single crystals
17.3. A finite-strain constitutive model for single crystals
17.4. Applications to a single-crystal turbine blade and a cylinder under torsion
17.5. Extensions of constitutive equations: a reduced micromorphic model for single crystals
Bibliography
Bibliography
Bibliography
Subject index

Loeïz Nazé

Professor Loeïz Nazé is an associate professor at the Mines ParisTech in the Materials Center. His areas of expertise include metallurgy and crystallography and his current areas of research include metallurgy, microstructures, and plastic deformation. Professor Naze studied engineering at the Lille University School of Engineering.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor, Mines ParisTech, France

Vincent Maurel

Vincent Maurel, Ph.D. is a senior scientist with the Centre des Materiaux at the MINES Paris Tech. His areas of research include fatigue of materials at high temperature, mono and poly-crystalline superalloys, and analysis of coatings for turbine blades.

Affiliations and expertise

Senior Scientist, Centre des Materiaux, Mines ParisTech, France

Gunther Eggeler

Gunther Eggeler is Chair of the Materials Science and Engineering at Ruht-Universitate Bochum. Since 2012 he is director of the collaborative research centre SFB/Transregio 103 - From Atoms to Turbine Blades - Scientific Basis for a new Generation of Single Crystal Super Alloys. From 2000 to 2011 he served as director of the collaborative research centre SFB 459 - Formgedächtnistechnik (Shape Memory Technology). He is member of the scientific advisory boards of ICOMAT (International Conference on Martensitic Transformations) and ESOMAT (European Symposium on Martensitic Transformations). He is leader of a high temperature materials research group at the Max Planck Institut für Eisenforschung (MPIE) and full member of the North Rhine Westphalian Academy of Sciences. As material scientist Gunther Eggeler studies elementary microstructural processes which govern the deformation and transformation behaviour of structural and functional engineering materials

Affiliations and expertise

Chair for Materials Science and Engineering, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Germany

Jonathan Cormier

Jonathan Cormier, Ph.D is He is an Associate Professor at ISAE-ENSMA. His current research focusses on Mechanical behavior of cast and forged Ni-based superalloys (isothermal and non-isothermal creep, fatigue, Thermo-mechanical fatigue); Damage processes and crack initiation in Ni-based alloys; Microstructure-Mechanical properties of superalloys; Constitutive modeling of the inelastic behavior of Ni-based alloys; Burner rig testing; durability of Thermal Barrier Coating systems. He currently serves as an editor of the Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, B and E journals and was the recipient of the Jean-Rist Medal in 2015.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor, ISAE-ENSMA, France

Georges Cailletaud

Georges Cailletaud is a Professor at Mines ParisTech, a position he has held since 1994. He served as Director of the CNRS research unit at Centre des Matériaux (2006-2011) and deputy Director of the Department of Mechanics and Materials at Mines ParisTech (2008-2011). His main contributions deal with material modeling at various scales, specifically plastic and viscoplastic formulations for isothermal and non-isothermal loading, with crystal plasticity applied to single crystal and polycrystalline agregates, with damage development and crack initiation models. His work includes the developments of the model themselves and of the numerical methods needed for the numerical implementation in finite element codes. He is the author of two books.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Mines Paris Tech, France

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Nickel Base Single Crystals Across Length Scales

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Innovate. Sustain. Transform.

Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect

Loeïz Nazé

Vincent Maurel

Gunther Eggeler

Jonathan Cormier

Georges Cailletaud