New Light on Alkaloid Biosynthesis and Future Prospects

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ADVANCES IN BOTANICAL RESEARCH

Contributors

Preface

Chapter One. Towards Complete Elucidation of Monoterpene Indole Alkaloid Biosynthesis Pathway: Catharanthus roseus as a Pioneer System

Abbreviations

1 Introduction

2 Division of MIA Biosynthesis Pathway

3 Organisation and Spatial Separation of MIA Biosynthesis

4 Large-Scale Genomic Approaches in Functional Characterisation of Genes Involved in MIA Biosynthesis

5 Metabolic Engineering of the MIA Biosynthesis Pathway

6 Conclusions and Perspectives

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter Two. Increasing the Pace of New Discoveries in Tropane Alkaloid Biosynthesis

Abbreviations

1 Introduction

2 Tropane Alkaloids in Plants: From Herbs to Trees

3 Biosynthesis of Tropane Alkaloids

4 Metabolic Engineering of Tropane Alkaloids

5 Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter Three. Deciphering the Evolution, Cell Biology and Regulation of Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids

1 Introduction

2 Regulation of MIA Biosynthesis Pathway

3 Spatial Organization of MIA Biosynthesis

4 Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter Four. Biosynthesis and Catabolism of Purine Alkaloids

1 Introduction

2 Occurrence of Purine Alkaloids in Plant Kingdom

3 Biosynthesis of Purine Alkaloids

4 Catabolism of Caffeine

5 Distribution of Purine Alkaloids in Tissues and Cells

6 Biotechnology of Purine Alkaloids

7 In Planta Function of Purine Alkaloids

8 Conclusions and Perspectives

References

Chapter Five. Camptothecin: Biosynthesis, Biotechnological Production and Resistance Mechanism(s)

Abbreviations

1 Introduction

2 Camptothecin Biosynthetic Pathway

3 Biotechnological Production of Camptothecin and Its Derivatives

4 Resistance Mechanism(s) in Camptothecin-Producing Plants

5 Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter Six. Improved Production of Plant Isoquinoline Alkaloids by Metabolic Engineering

Abbreviations

1 Introduction

2 Isoquinoline Alkaloid Biosynthesis and Pathway Characterization

3 Metabolic Pathway Engineering

4 Perspectives

5 Conclusion

Acknowledgement

References

Chapter Seven. Bioengineering of Isoquinoline Alkaloid Production in Microbial Systems

Abbreviations

1 Introduction

2 Design of IQA Biosynthetic Pathways and Their Enzymes in Bacteria

3 Perspectives

4 Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter Eight. From Bioreactor to Entire Plants: Development of Production Systems for Secondary Metabolites

Abbreviations

1 Introduction

2 General Strategies to Produce Secondary Metabolites from Plant Material

3 Tropane Alkaloids Produced by Solanaceae

4 Furanocoumarins Produced by Rutaceae

5 Evaluating Plant Bioproduction and Selecting High-Producing Genotypes

6 First Steps in the Development of Agronomical Bioproduction

7 Biotechnological Approaches: From Callus to Organ In Vitro Culture

8 Process Engineering and Low-Cost ‘Bioreactor’ Design

9 Comparison Between Biotech (In Vitro) and Field Production

10 Hydroponics and Aeroponics as Open Bioreactors for the Production and Exploitation of High-Quality Biomass

11 Future Perspectives and Limitations; Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter Nine. New Methods of Analysis and Investigation of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids

Abbreviations

1 Introduction

2 Extraction and Purification Methods

3 Analytical Methods

4 Applications in Fingerprint Analysis

5 Conclusions

References

Chapter Ten. Like Cures Like: Caffeine Immunizes Plants Against Biotic Stresses

Abbreviations

1 Introduction

2 Caffeine Biosynthesis

3 Caffeine-Producing Transgenic Plants

4 Biotic Stress Tolerance

5 Activation of Defence System

6 Caffeine Targets

7 Caffeine Signal Cascade

8 Plant Immunization

9 Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter Eleven. Alkaloids from Marine Bacteria

1 Introduction

2 Occurrence and Biological Activities of Alkaloids from Marine Bacteria

3 Biosynthesis of Alkaloids in Marine Bacteria

4 Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Author Index

Subject Index