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Neurovirology
1st Edition, Volume 123 - July 8, 2014
Editors: Alex C. Tselis, John Booss
eBook ISBN:9780702045394
9 7 8 - 0 - 7 0 2 0 - 4 5 3 9 - 4
This volume in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series provides a complete review of the history, science and current state of neurovirology. It covers the science and clinical… Read more
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This volume in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series provides a complete review of the history, science and current state of neurovirology. It covers the science and clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of viruses of the brain and central nervous system, and is a trusted resource for scholars, scientists, neuroscientists, neurologists, virologists, and pharmacologists working on neurovirology.
Neurovirology has been significantly bolstered by modern technologies such as PCR and MRI with direct impact on isolating viruses and advancing therapeutics based on molecular medicine. These advances are particularly important today with the introduction of emerging and re-emerging diseases such as HIV/AIDS, Nipah encephalitis and the appearance of West Nile encephalitis in the western hemisphere.
Detailed coverage of neurovirology from the basic science to clinical presentation
Covers advances in neurovirology via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and MRI technology
Covers emerging and re-emerging diseases including HIV/AIDS, Nipah encephalitis, and the appearance of West Nile encephalitis in the western hemisphere
Clinical neurologists at tertiary centers and neuroscience researchers
Handbook of Clinical Neurology 3rd Series
Foreword
Preface
SECTION 1: Introduction
Chapter 1: A history of viral infections of the central nervous system: foundations, milestones, and patterns
Abstract
Introduction
Foundations
Milestones
Conclusions: patterns observed and patterns predicted
Chapter 2: Basics of virology
Abstract
Introduction
What is a virus?
Virus taxonomy and nomenclature
Virion structure
Virus origins and evolution
Virus replication cycles
Neurotropic viruses
Fundamental aspects of viral pathogenesis
Immunity to viruses
Diagnosis of viral infections
Antivirals
Chapter 3: Neuroepidemiology and the epidemiology of viral infections of the nervous system
Abstract
Introduction
Epidemiology of viral infections of the nervous system
Summary
Chapter 4: Clinical approach to the syndromes of viral encephalitis, myelitis, and meningitis
Abstract
Introduction
Definitions of viral central nervous system infection syndromes
Viral encephalitis
Viral meningitis
Viral myelitis
Suggested investigations for viral CNS infections
Suggested treatment for CNS viral infection
Chapter 5: Laboratory diagnosis of viral infection
Abstract
Introduction
General principles of laboratory viral diagnosis
Viral diagnostic methods
Sample collection and transport
Summary and interpretation of test results
Chapter 6: Neuroimaging of viral infections of the central nervous system
Abstract
Basic principles of imaging
Herpesviruses
Arbovirus
Nipah and hendra virus
Adenovirus
Arenaviruses
Hepatitis C
Human immunodeficiency virus
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
Rabies encephalitis
Mumps encephalitis
Enteroviral encephalitis
Influenza
Conclusion
Chapter 7: Viral neuropathogenesis
Abstract
Principles of viral pathogenesis
Viral invasion and spread to the CNS
Sites of replication in the CNS
Viral strains
Immune response and protection
Virus-induced immunopathology of the nervous system
Persistent viral infections of the CNS
Chapter 8: Neuropathology of viral infections
Abstract
General pathologic features of viral encephalitis
Central nervous system viral infections typically presenting as an acute illness
Central nervous system viral infections typically associated with a subacute or chronic course
Acknowledgments
Chapter 9: Innate immune viral recognition: relevance to CNS infections
Abstract
Innate immune signaling pathways
Cellular components of the innate immune response
Innate immune responses in CNS viral infections
Summary
Chapter 10: Adaptive immune response to viral infections in the central nervous system
Abstract
Viral infection
Adaptive immune response: general
Adaptive immune response: outside the CNS
Adaptive immune response: inside the CNS
Viral clearance versus viral persistence
Adaptive immune response to specific neurotropic viruses
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
SECTION 2: DNA viruses
Chapter 11: Herpes simplex virus
Abstract
Introduction
Viral composition and replication
Immunology and viral defense
Latency, reactivation, and neurovirulence
Epidemiology
Central nervous system pathology
Neonatal herpes simplex infections
HSV encephalitis
Other neurologic syndromes
Conclusion
Chapter 12: Varicella-zoster
Abstract
Introduction
VZV genome
VZV latency
VZV epidemiology
Reactivation of VZV
Pathology of herpes zoster
Treatment of herpes zoster
Neurologic complications of zoster
Diagnostic tests
VZV DNA in human saliva
VZV-specific immunity
Prevention of zoster
Acknowledgments
Chapter 13: Epstein–Barr virus infections of the nervous system
Abstract
Introduction and a brief history
The structure and biology of EBV
Pathogenesis of EBV-related diseases, including the nervous system
Diagnosis of acute EBV infection
EBV-related neurologic disease
Treatment
EBV and multiple sclerosis
Conclusions
Acknowledgment
Chapter 14: Cytomegalovirus infections of the adult human nervous system
Abstract
Introduction
History
Basic virology
Pathology and pathogenesis
Acute systemic CMV infection in the adult
CMV infection of the nervous system in the adult (normal and immunosuppressed)
Therapy
Concluding remarks
Chapter 15: Congenital cytomegalovirus infection
Abstract
Epidemiology
Systemic clinical and laboratory manifestations
Neurologic manifestations
Microbiologic diagnosis
Neuroimaging
Treatment and prevention
Prognosis
Chapter 16: Human herpesvirus 6 and the nervous system
Chapter 38: Bell's palsy and vestibular neuronitis
Abstract
Anatomic considerations
Bell's palsy
Vestibular neuritis
Index
No. of pages: 808
Language: English
Edition: 1
Volume: 123
Published: July 8, 2014
Imprint: Elsevier
eBook ISBN: 9780702045394
AT
Alex C. Tselis
I graduated with a B Sc in physics from McGill University in Montreal in 1978. I obtained my PhD in physics from Brown University in 1983. After postdoctoral work at Purdue University, I entered medical school at the University of Miami in Florida, graduating with my MD in 1987. I trained in clinical neurology at Northwestern University and Duke University, followed by postdoctoral training in neurovirology at the University of Pennsylvania, 1991-1994. Since 1994 I have been on the faculty at the Department of Neurology at Wayne State University.
Affiliations and expertise
Department of Neurology, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
JB
John Booss
My laboratory work had been in the virology of the nervous system and in viral immunology with emphasis on the cytomegaloviruses. Clinically my interests had been in viral encephalitis, multiple sclerosis, and HIV of the nervous system. From 1993 until my retirement in 2005, I was the National Program Director for Neurology for the Department of Veterans Affairs. Our goal was to have neurological services coordinated nationally. During that time we were able to establish national centers of excellence for Parkinson’s Disease and Multiple Sclerosis. Just after my retirement, a coalition of organizations led by the American Academy of Neurology convinced the Congress to establish national VA centers of excellence in epilepsy. I am presently interested in historical subjects including historical virology: see for example To Catch a Virus, Booss and August, ASM Press, 2013; and Neurovirology in the Elsevier series Handbook of Clinical Neurology, eds, Tselis and Booss, forthcoming, 2014.