Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Epigenetics

2nd Edition - September 28, 2023
Editors: Jacob Peedicayil, Dennis R. Grayson
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 8 5 1 6 - 8
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 8 5 1 7 - 5

Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Epigenetics, Second Edition is a comprehensive reference on the epigenetic basis of common neuropsychiatric disorders. The volume is organized into c… Read more

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Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Epigenetics, Second Edition is a comprehensive reference on the epigenetic basis of common neuropsychiatric disorders. The volume is organized into chapters covering individual neuropsychiatric disorders, from addiction to anxiety and autism spectrum disorders, and is contributed by leading experts in their respective fields. The epigenetic aspects of each disorder are discussed in the context of the full range of associated epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA modification, histone post-translational modification, chromatin organization, and non-coding RNA. A particular emphasis is placed on potential epigenetic interventions when the effects of environmental stimuli on epigenetic states is particularly relevant to disease. This new edition has been fully updated to reflect recent research advances enabled by genomic technologies, as well as therapeutic interventions for previously unmanageable disorders. Several new chapters have been added on disorders or approaches not considered in the earlier edition, including epigenetics and anxiety disorders, epigenetics and neuroimaging in neuropsychiatric disorders, genome-wide approaches to epigenetic research, and the epigenetics of spinal muscular atrophy.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Translational Epigenetics Series
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
Section 1. Neuropsychiatric disorders and epigenetics: general aspects
Chapter 1. Introduction to Neuropsychiatric disorders and epigenetics
1. Introduction
2. Neuropsychiatry and neuropsychiatric disorders
3. Historical outline of neuropsychiatric disorders
4. Neuropsychiatric disorders and epigenetics
5. Epigenetics and neuropsychiatric disorders: Translational aspects
Abbreviations
Glossary
Chapter 2. Environmental factors and epigenetics of neuropsychiatric disorders
1. Introduction
2. The epigenetic dimension of neuroplasticity
3. Molecular epigenetic mechanisms
4. Early-life adversity as a major risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders
5. The stress system as a mediator of early-life adversity
6. Cell type–specific and sex-specific epigenetic effects of early-life stress on the brain
7. Psychosocial factors during life in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders
8. Other environmental factors acting epigenetically in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders
9. Conclusions
Abbreviations
Glossary
Chapter 3. Epigenetic biomarkers in neuropsychiatric disorders
1. Introduction
2. DNA methylation of candidate genes as markers of psychiatric disorders
3. DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation study of alcohol use disorder
4. DNA methylation as an indicator of epigenetic age
5. Future directions
Abbreviations
Glossary
Section 2. Epigenetics of neuropsychiatric disorders
Chapter 4. Epigenetics and cognitive disorders—translational aspects
1. Introduction: epigenetics and cognitive disorders
2. DNA methylation and histone tail modifications
3. Epigenetic changes in Alzheimer's disease
4. Epigenetic changes in Parkinson's disease
5. Epigenetic changes in Huntington's disease
6. Epigenetic drugs
7. Natural compounds exerting epigenetic properties
8. The epigenetic properties of the gut microbiota metabolites
9. Manipulation of epigenetic mechanisms for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
10. Manipulation of epigenetic mechanisms for the treatment of Parkinson's disease
11. Manipulation of epigenetic mechanisms for the treatment of Huntington's Disease
12. Epigenome editing in cognitive disorders
13. Conclusions
List of acronyms and abbreviations
Glossary
Chapter 5. Epigenetics of autism spectrum disorder
1. Introduction
2. Epidemiological understanding of ASD
3. Genetic understanding of ASD
4. Epigenetic regulator genes implicated in ASD
5. Epigenetic imprinting patterns in ASD
6. Epigenetic sex differences in ASD
7. Acquired epigenetic changes associated with ASD
8. Conclusions
Abbreviations
Glossary
Chapter 6. Epigenetic causes of intellectual disability—the fragile X syndrome paradigm
1. Introduction
2. Fragile X syndrome
3. The FMR1 gene and the FMRP protein
4. Different transcripts at the FMR1 locus
5. Epigenetic modifications of the FMR1 locus and the enigma of unmethylated full mutation alleles
6. Translational strategies
Abbreviations
Glossary
Chapter 7. Epigenetics of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
1. Introduction
2. Pathophysiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
3. Scope for epigenetics in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
4. The role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
5. Epigenetics in the diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
6. Epigenetics in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
7. Conclusions
Abbreviations
Glossary
Chapter 8. Epigenetics and Down syndrome
1. Introduction
2. Epigenetic mechanisms affect learning and memory
3. Altered DNA methylation is associated with DS
4. Altered histone modifications are associated with DS
5. Epigenetics in DS: a link to Alzheimer’s disease
6. Mitochondrial DNA methylation in Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease
7. Epigenetic therapy may alleviate cognitive deficits in DS
8. Conclusions
Abbreviations
Glossary
Chapter 9. Epigenetics and multiple sclerosis
1. Multiple sclerosis: introduction
2. Overview of epigenetic studies performed in MS
3. Challenges in epigenetic studies
4. Potential roles of epigenetic changes in MS
5. Utility of epigenetics in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of MS
6. Conclusions and future perspectives
Abbreviations
Glossary
Chapter 10. Epigenetics of migraine
1. Migraine
2. Epigenetics
3. Migraine and epigenetic interface
4. Epigenetic mechanisms in migraine
5. Epigenetic therapy
6. Concluding remarks and future perspectives
Abbreviations
Glossary
Chapter 11. The role of epigenetics in the pathophysiology of epilepsy
1. Introduction
2. General overview of epilepsy and its basic mechanisms
3. Epigenetic modifications in epilepsy
4. Neuropsychiatric aspects of epilepsy
5. Conclusions
Abbreviations
Glossary
Chapter 12. Epigenetic dysregulation in brain tumors
1. Introduction
2. Epigenetic dysregulation in pediatric brain tumors
3. Epigenetic dysregulation in adult brain tumors
4. Tumor cell of origin and epigenetics
5. Emerging epigenetic diagnostics for brain tumors
6. Emerging epigenetic therapies for brain tumors
7. Epimutations and neurocognitive dysfunction versus carcinogenesis
8. Neuropsychiatric aspects of brain tumors
9. Conclusions
Abbreviations
Glossary
Chapter 13. Epigenetics and cerebrovascular diseases
1. Cerebrovascular diseases—introduction
2. Vascular stroke risk factors
3. Intermediate phenotypes/endophenototypes
4. Genetic risk factors and stroke
5. Monogenic causes of stroke
6. Stroke as a complex polygenic disorder
7. Evidence for abnormal epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of stroke
8. Modifiable stroke risk factors and epigenetics
9. Tissue specificity: which is the best tissue for studying stroke epigenetics?
10. Epigenetics in the diagnosis and treatment of stroke
11. Neuropsychiatric aspects of cerebrovascular diseases
12. Conclusions
Abbreviations
Glossary
Chapter 14. The epigenetics of anxiety
1. Introduction
2. Neuroanatomy of anxiety disorders
3. Neuroendocrine axis in anxiety disorders
4. Epigenetic factors
5. Epigenetics in animal models of anxiety
6. Transgenerational epigenetics
7. Neuroepigenetic effects of early stress on anxious behaviors
8. Prenatal stress
9. Early-life stress
10. Prospects for an epigenetic pharmacology of anxiety
11. Conclusions
Abbreviations
Glossary
Chapter 15. Epigenetics and obesity
1. Introduction
2. Epigenetic mechanisms
3. DNA methylation
4. Histone modification
5. Normal developmental epigenetic processes
6. Developmental origins of obesity
7. Genetic imprinting disorders associated with obesity
8. Genetic associations with obesity
9. Epigenetic control of metabolism and obesity associated genes
10. Metabolic regulation by histone modifying enzymes
11. Metabolic pathway connections to epigenetic mechanisms
12. Hypothalamic regulation of energy balance
13. Epigenetic programming of hypothalamic dysfunction by perinatal malnutrition
14. Hypothalamic epigenetic targets associated with obesity
15. Hypothalamic-pituitary axis dysfunction in obesity
16. Neuropsychiatric aspects of obesity
17. Conclusions
List of acronyms and abbreviations
Glossary
Chapter 16. Epigenetics and substance use disorders: translational aspects
1. Introduction: substance use disorders, epigenetics, and the brain reward pathway
2. Histone modifications in substance use disorders
3. Histone acetylation in substance use disorders
4. Histone methylation in substance use disorders
5. DNA methylation in substance use disorders
6. Long noncoding RNAs and MicroRNAs in substance use disorders
7. Transcription factors in substance use disorders
8. Translational aspects of neuroepigenetic editing to study substance use disorders
9. Translational aspects of behavioral approaches in substance use disorders
Abbreviations
Glossary
Section 3. Summary and outlook
Chapter 17. Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Epigenetics: summary and outlook
1. Introduction
2. Differing roles of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of different neuropsychiatric disorders
3. Epigenetics of non-neuronal cells in neuropsychiatric disorders
4. Long noncoding RNAs and neuropsychiatric disorders
5. Future strategies in the epigenetics of neuropsychiatric disorders
Abbreviations
Glossary
Index

Jacob Peedicayil

Dr Jacob Peedicayil completed MBBS in 1984 and MD in pharmacology in 1991, both at the Christian Medical College, Vellore, India. From 1993 to 1995 he did a Post-Doctoral Fellowship at the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India. From 1995 to 1998 he worked as a Research Fellow in the Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore. Since 1998 he has been on the faculty of the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, becoming a professor in 2007. He does theoretical research on epigenetics, focusing on epigenetics in psychiatry. In addition, he is involved in experimental research in smooth muscle pharmacology.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India

Dennis R. Grayson

Dr Dennis R. Grayson received his PhD from the Department of Biochemistry at Wayne State University School of Medicine in 1984. He has been interested in mechanisms associated with gene expression for over 35 years. He joined the laboratory of Dr James E. Darnell at the Rockefeller University as a Post-Doctoral Fellow in 1984 to study cell-type specific transcription factors and their interaction with promoters and enhancers. In 1988, Dr Grayson joined the Fidia-Georgetown Institute for the Neurosciences at Georgetown University to study gene expression programs in neurons and continued this research program at Allegheny Singer Research Institute in Pittsburgh from 1995 to 1998. He continued his interests in psychiatry and joined the Psychiatric Institute at the University of Illinois in 1998. This represented a unique opportunity to pursue the molecular underpinnings of schizophrenia. Dr Grayson has received NRSA post-doctoral support, and R01 and K04 funding from the National Institutes of Health to support his work. He has published over 140 papers in peer-reviewed journals and is regularly invited to speak at numerous national and international meetings. He is currently Director of the Epigenetic Core of the Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor of Molecular Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA