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Neuroinflammation in Vascular Dementia
- 1st Edition - September 7, 2022
- Author: Gary Rosenberg
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 4 5 5 - 6
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 4 5 6 - 3
Neuroinflammation in Vascular Dementia describes the molecular mechanisms that drive this transition to mixed pathology, along with the newer lifestyle and pharmacol… Read more
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Request a sales quoteNeuroinflammation in Vascular Dementia describes the molecular mechanisms that drive this transition to mixed pathology, along with the newer lifestyle and pharmacological approaches that can reduce the incidence of dementia. The book describes the practical aspects of neuroimaging methods, along with novel neuroimaging methods, using MRI, that are becoming important clinically. The author also discusses how the diagnosis of dementias will be greatly aided by biomarkers from neuroimaging, blood and CSF biochemistry and neuropsychological testing in the future. This information will be used in precision medicine to design treatment strategies based on the most likely causes of the disease.
Dementia research has undergone dramatic growth driven by current and projected increases in the aging of the population, and thus leading to a larger number of patients with dementia by 2050. Hence, advances in neuroimaging, brain chemistry, and genetics have accelerated our understanding of diseases that lead to cognitive decline.
- Reviews the clinical aspects and subtypes of dementia
- Explains molecular pathways involved in brain inflammation
- Includes the role of CSF and blood in diagnosis
- Covers established and novel neuroimaging methods
- Discusses established and developing treatment strategies
- Identifies future directions, such as machine learning and precision medicine
Researchers with interest in neuroscience, neuroimmunology, neuropathology and neuroradiology, as well as clinicians caring for patients with dementia. Advanced graduate/medical students
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Chapter 1. Clinical aspects of diagnosis in dementia
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Determining the etiology of cognitive decline
- Neurodegenerative causes of dementia
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Vascular causes of dementia
- Mixed dementia—AD and VCID
- Normal pressure hydrocephalus
- References
- Chapter 2. Neuroimaging methods
- Abstract
- Historical perspective
- Discovery of computerized axial tomography
- Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging
- Basic concepts in nuclear magnetic resonance
- Diffusion tensor imaging
- Advanced diffusion techniques: fiber tract connectivity with mean kurtosis and constrained spherical deconvolution
- Detection of white matter injury
- References
- Chapter 3. Biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid and blood aid diagnosis of dementia
- Abstract
- Pathologic deposition of misfolded proteins in the brain: amyloid, tau, α-synuclein, TDP-43
- Biomarkers for amyloid in cerebrospinal fluid
- Amyloid and tau
- Biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment
- Clinical and biological diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease
- Theories of Alzheimer’s disease: amyloid hypothesis
- Alternative Alzheimer’s disease hypotheses: blood–brain barrier dysfunction
- Positron emission tomography biomarkers
- Blood-based biomarkers
- Selection of biomarkers: cerebrospinal fluid versus blood
- References
- Chapter 4. Classification of subtypes of vascular dementia
- Abstract
- Definitions
- Major types of vascular disease
- Midlife hypertension and white matter injury
- Blood vessels and sites of selective vulnerability
- Monogenic forms of white matter disease
- References
- Chapter 5. Neuroinflammation
- Abstract
- Classic definition of inflammation
- Inflammation in chronic hypoxic/ischemic disease
- Consequences of reduced cerebral blood flow
- Brain fluid interfaces
- Extracellular matrix and the matrix metalloproteinases
- Role of the metalloproteinases in the disruption of the blood–brain barrier
- Angiogenesis
- Cytokines
- References
- Chapter 6. Animal models for vascular cognitive impairment
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Bilateral carotid artery occlusion in rat
- Hypoxic hypoperfusion in mice
- Ameroid constrictor bilateral carotid artery stenosis model
- Spontaneously hypertensive rats
- White matter injury in SHRSP
- Blood-brain barrier opening and matrix metalloproteinases in SHRSP
- Hypoxia in SHRSP
- Mechanism of white matter injury in SHRSP
- References
- Chapter 7. Molecular pathways
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Burden of disease in normals
- Consequences of abnormal proteins in the brain
- Neurovascular unit
- Disruption of the neurovascular unit in dementia
- DCE-MRI in cerebral small vessel disease
- References
- Chapter 8. Mechanisms of white matter injury
- Abstract
- White matter is the major site of pathology in vascular-mediated dementia
- Myelin disruption in inflammation
- Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity
- Inflammation in small vessel disease of the Binswanger’s type
- Interaction of proteases, angiogenic factors, and cytokines
- Bystander demyelination
- References
- Chapter 9. Machine learning and precision medicine
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Machine learning
- Approach of clinical medicine to diagnosis
- Early attempts at improving diagnostic accuracy in dementia
- NMR spectroscopy as a biomarker
- Diffusion tensor imaging
- Computer advances and big data
- References
- Chapter 10. Future directions
- Abstract
- Amyloid reconsidered
- Advanced magnetic resonance imaging methods
- Genetic studies on early- and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease
- Early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease with measurement of Alzheimer’s disease proteins in plasma
- Hypoxia and inflammation augment the amyloid theory of chronic subcortical dementia
- Insights into pathophysiology of Binswanger’s disease
- Will treatments aimed at reducing inflammation slow WM injury?
- Can biomarker-driven precision medicine be integrated into clinical practice?
- Neurology training in the future
- References
- Index
- No. of pages: 232
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: September 7, 2022
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Paperback ISBN: 9780128234556
- eBook ISBN: 9780128234563
GR
Gary Rosenberg
Gary Rosenberg, MD is a Professor of Neurology with joint appointments in Departments of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, and Mathematics and Statistics at the University of New Mexico. He was Chairman of Neurology
before becoming director of the UNM Center for Memory and Aging. He is a leading authority in dementia secondary to vascular disease. He discovered the role of the matrix metalloproteinases in the brain and was the first to describe the
important role they played in disruption of the blood-brain barrier. He is an expert in neuroimaging and was one of the first investigators to use dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI to measure blood-brain barrier permeability in humans. He is currently principal investigator of one of centers in the NIH MarkVCID consortium for the study of biomarkers in vascular cognitive
impairment and the impact of vascular disease on Alzheimer’s disease. He has published over 160 peer-reviewed papers and two books on brain fluids and metabolism.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Neurology and Director, University of New Mexico Memory and Aging Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA