Neurobiology of Infectious Diseases

1st Edition, Volume 1 - November 30, 2024
Imprint: Academic Press
Editors: Tatiana Barichello, Felipe Dal-Pizzol, Rodrigo Hasbun
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 9 1 3 0 - 5
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 9 1 3 1 - 2

Neurobiology of Infectious Diseases covers mechanisms underlying infectious diseases. It is divided into six distinct sections, beginning with the foundations of Neuroinfe… Read more

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Neurobiology of Infectious Diseases covers mechanisms underlying infectious diseases. It is divided into six distinct sections, beginning with the foundations of Neuroinfection. This section includes chapters on the role microbiota-gut-brain axis and specialized blood-neuronal barriers play in neurobiology of infectious diseases. The next three sections detail various bacterial infections, parasitic infections, viral infections, and fungal infections of the central nervous system. The last section reviews the proteins and other peripheral mediators that affect the central nervous system. Internationally contributed by experts in the field this book sets the foundation of neurobiology and infectious disease.

Neurobiology is the study of cells of the nervous system and the organization of these cells into functional circuits that process information and mediate behavior. Current research is vital for determining pharmaceutical and medicinal treatments for neurological disorders, psychiatric disorders and diseases.

Title of Book
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Foreword
Section I. Foundations of neuroinfection
Chapter 1. Anatomical Organization of central nervous system (CNS)
Introduction
The brain
Pathogen entry into the brain
Brain cellular composition
Neurons
Glial cells
Pathogens exploit neuronal cellular processes to infiltrate the CNS
Brain signaling and communication
Neurotransmitters
Pathogen and neurotransmitters
Glutamate
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Serotonin
Anatomical arrangements of gray matter
Cerebral cortex
Frontal lobe
Temporal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Subcortical nuclei
Basal ganglia
Diencephalon
Cerebellum
Infections in the cerebellum
Brainstem and cranial nerves
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
Pathogen route of entry into the brain stem
Cranial nerve injuries
Cranial nerves as a pathway to infection
Meninges
Pachymeninx
Subarachnoid space
Leptomeninges
Arachnoid
Pia
The CNS vasculature (arterial, venous system)
Arterial supply
Neurovascular tree
Vascular system and infection
Venous system
Pathogen infiltration in the vasculature
CSF and the ventricular system
Anatomy of ventricular system
CSF functions
The ventricular system as a route for pathogens into the CNS
Physical barriers to the CNS
Blood–CSF barrier
Pathogen entry into the BCB
The blood–brain barrier
Infiltration of the BBB
Spinal cord
Pathogenic infiltration of the spinal cord
Pathogen routes of entry into the CNS
Infiltration into the brain
Infiltration through the nasopharynx
Infiltration through the sinuses
Infiltration through the middle ear
Summary
Chapter 2. The enteric nervous system's (ENS) impact on the neurobiology of infectious diseases
Introduction
The microbiota–gut–brain axis
The enteric nervous system
The “healthy” gut-microbiota
Metabolic and CNS disorders: A consequence of dysregulated microbiota–gut–brain axis functioning
Diet–microbiota–gut–brain axis
Targeting the microbiome–gut–brain axis
Chapter 3. The role of the microbiota–gut–brain axis on the neurobiology of infectious diseases
Introduction
The microbiota–gut axis and its metabolites
The microbiota–gut–brain axis communication pathways
The impact of the microbiota–gut–brain axis
The microbiota–gut–brain axis in the neurobiology of the infectious disease
Conclusion and future directions
Chapter 4. The role and function of specialized blood–neuronal barriers: Blood–CSF, blood–retinal, blood–spinal cord, blood–labyrinth, blood–nerve barriers, and blood–brain barrier (BBB)
Introduction
Blood blood–brain barrier during infections
Blood–CSF barrier and infections
Nose–brain barrier and infections
Blood–labyrinth barrier during infections
Blood–nerve barrier and infections
Blood–retinal barrier and infections
Glymphatic system function and infections
Conclusions
Chapter 5. Neuroimmune interactions in the neurobiology of infectious diseases
Introduction
Neuroimmune signaling at the brain borders
Blood–brain barrier
Meninges and neuroimmune interactions
Choroid plexus
Important components and CNS-resident cells in the neuroinflammatory process
Cytokines and chemokines
The complement system
Phagocytosis and ROS production
CNS immune-mediated inflammation
Microglia interaction with astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons in CNS-homeostasis
Microglia interaction with astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, neurons, and peripheral immune cells in CNS-inflammation
Conclusion and future directions
Chapter 6. The routes and mechanisms of microbial translocation to the central nervous system
Introduction
Detecting mechanisms of microbial translocation
Hematogenous invasion
Transcellular
Description
Molecular mechanism
Paracellular
Description
Molecular mechanism
Cellular hijacking or the “Trojan horse”
Description
Mechanism
Neuronal invasion
Olfactory transmission
Description
Mechanism
Peripheral nerves
Summary
Section II. Bacterial infections of CNS
Chapter 7. Brain infections, encephalitis and meningitis: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
S. pneumoniae epidemiology
S. pneumoniae identification
S. pneumoniae virulence factors
S. pneumoniae colonization
S. pneumoniae transmission
S. pneumoniae antimicrobial resistance
S. pneumoniae prevention
S. pneumoniae host immune defenses
Innate immunity response
Inflammasome
Chemokines and cytokines
Complement system
Acute phase serum proteins
Adaptive immune responses
S. pneumoniae: From nasopharyngeal colonizer to the central nervous system pathogen
The olfactory route
The otogenic route
The blood–brain barrier route
Glial cells reactivity
Neuronal damage
S. pneumoniae: Meningitis and encephalitis diagnosis
Long-term cognitive impairment after S. pneumoniae infection
Treatment
Managing sequelae
Conclusion
Chapter 8. Brain infections, encephalitis, and meningitis: Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria meningitidis
Epidemiology
Lifecycle of N. meningitidis
CNS Neisseria invasions that may cause brain infection, encephalitis, and meningitis pathogenesis
Clinical features of N. meningitidis infection in adults
Clinical features of N. meningitidis infection in children
Diagnostic workup
Complications
N. meningitidis—treatment, prognosis, and prevention
Treatment
Prevention
Prophylaxis
Conclusion
Chapter 9. Brain infection, encephalitis, and meningitis: Streptococcus agalactiae
Introduction
Streptococcus agalactiae: Colonization
Central nervous system Streptococcus agalactiae invasion
Recognition of Streptococcus agalactiae brain infection by innate immune sensors
Central nervous system immune response: Streptococcus agalactiae
The role of glial cells in encephalitis, and meningitis
Neuronal brain injury
Long-term behavioral sequelae
Diagnostic, clinical signs, and symptoms
Treatment
Conclusion
Chapter 10. Brain infections, encephalitis, and meningitis: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Introduction
Vignette; a child with Tuberculous meningitis
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Genetic susceptibility
Diagnosis and staging
Treatment
Vaccination
Outcome
Future perspectives; the role of omics
Chapter 11. Neurosyphilis
Introduction
A brief history of syphilis
Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Clinical features
Syphilitic meningitis
Syphilitic gumma
Meningovascular syphilis
Brain parenchyma involvement
Syphilitic meningomyelitis
Tabes dorsalis
Peripheral nervous system involvement
Congenital neurosyphilis
Diagnosis
Acquired neurosyphilis
Congenital syphilis
Treatment
Conclusion
Chapter 12. Brain infections, encephalitis, and meningitis: Lyme disease—Lyme borreliosis
Introduction
Definitions
Lyme disease
Nervous system infection
Diagnosis
LB: Clinical
LB: Diagnostics
LNB: Clinical
LNB: Laboratory diagnosis
LNB treatment
Lyme encephalopathy
Other associations
Conclusions
Chapter 13. Brain infections, encephalitis, and meningitis: Brucelosis
Introduction
Definition of neurobrucellosis
Pathogenesis/pathology and clinical diagnosis
Clinical manifestations
Blood and CSF laboratory findings
Image diagnosis
Microbiological diagnosis of neurobrucellosis
Bacteriological methods
Brucella DNA detection in CSF
Antibodies to Brucella in CSF and serological diagnosis
Management and treatment
Chapter 14. Brain infections, encephalitis, and meningitis: Listeria monocytogenes—Listeriosis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Survival, traversal of the intestinal barrier, and hematogenous spread
Central nervous system invasion by Listeria
Direct invasion of the blood–brain or blood–CSF barriers
Transport across the barrier by infected monocytes (Trojan horse mechanism)
Axonal migration to the brain stem
Specific in vivo models of neurolisteriosis
Host response in the central nervous system
Clinical features of central nervous system infections by Listeria
Diagnostic workup
Listeria—treatment and prognosis
Management
Prognosis
Conclusion
Chapter 15. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy: Understanding the brain dysfunction in sepsis
Introduction
Diagnosis
Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging or cranial computer tomography
Evoked potentials
Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid
Biomarkers
Electroencephalogram
Neurobiology
Disruption of the BBB and neuroinflammatory process
SAE and the involvement of microglia
Physiologic role of microglia
Microglia and neuroinflammation
Microglia interactions with other immune cells
Neurotransmitter changes
Conclusion
Section III. Parasitic infections of CNS
Chapter 16. African trypanosomiasis: Comprehending the parasite pathogenesis in the brain
Introduction
The trypanosome parasites
Life cycle of T. brucei species
Molecular diversity of T. brucei
Transmission of human African trypanosomiasis
Mode of transmission
Wildlife as reservoirs of trypanosomes for wildlife, domestic animals, and humans
Parasite epidemiology and control attempts
Parasite epidemiology in animals and humans
Parasite and tsetse control
Epidemiology of sleeping sickness
Sleeping sickness, pathogenesis and clinical features
Pathogenesis
Clinical features
Diagnosis of sleeping sickness
Sleeping sickness treatment and prognosis
General aspects of sleeping sickness antitrypanosome drugs
Antitrypanosomes for sleeping sickness
Prognosis of sleeping sickness after treatment
Mechanisms of parasite invasion of the central nervous system
Invasion of the leptomeninges, circumventricular organs and choroid plexus
Invasion of the brain parenchyma across the blood–brain barrier
Role of T cells
Role of cytokines
Role of chemokines
Role of toll-like receptors
Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase
Summary of the mechanisms involved in trypanosome penetration of the BBB to invade the brain parenchyma
Neuroinflammation and pathology in central nervous system sleeping sickness
Brain dysfunctions during trypanosomiasis
Sleep disturbances and alterations in circadian rhythms during sleeping sickness
Pills of sleep
Sleep-wake changes in African trypanosomiasis
Concluding remarks/perspectives
Chapter 17. Cerebral malaria: Understanding the parasite pathogenesis in the brain
Introduction
Cerebral malaria
Neurovascular unit alterations during cerebral malaria
Inflammatory processes during cerebral malaria
Neuroinflammation
Cognitive impairment
Conclusion
Chapter 18. Neurocysticercosis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Life cycle and transmission
Pathogenesis
Clinical manifestations and classification
Intraparenchymal neurocysticercosis
Extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis
Diagnosis
Management
Seizures
Elevated intracranial pressure
Ventricular neurocysticercosis
Antiparasitic therapy
Anti-inflammatory therapy
Prevention
Chapter 19. Free-living amoebae: Pathogens and the central nervous system (CNS) disease
Introduction
Acanthamoeba spp.
Epidemiology
Diagnosis
Management
Balamuthia mandrillaris
Epidemiology
Diagnosis
Management
Naegleria fowleri
Epidemiology
Diagnosis
Management
Concluding remarks
Chapter 20. Pathophysiological mechanisms of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the central nervous system (CNS)
Life cycle of a pervasive parasite
Pathology of T. gondii infection
Infection of the CNS by T. gondii
Impact of T. gondii infection on the CNS
Suppression of noradrenergic signaling in the CNS by T. gondii
Epigenetic silencing in neurons by T. gondii infection
Section IV. Viral infections of CNS
Chapter 21. HIV-infected human brain: Implications in HIV infection and immune response
Introduction
Neuropathogenesis of HIV-associated brain injury
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder
Diagnostic criteria
Neuroimaging and HAND pathogenesis
Plasma and CSF biomarkers
Immune reconstitution related syndrome in the central nervous system
CSF escape
CD8+ T-cell encephalitis
Treatment
Chapter 22. SARS-CoV-2 and nervous system: From pathogenesis of disease to clinical manifestations
Introduction
Proposed neurotropic mechanisms of COVID-19 leading to neuropathology
Direct neurological pathophysiology on SARS-CoV-2
Hematogenous spread
Retrograde axonal transport
Indirect neurological pathophysiology on SARS-CoV-2: Neuroinflammation
Neurological syndromes associated to COVID-19
Acute encephalopathy
Encephalitis and meningitis
Stroke
Peripheral nerve system syndromes associated to COVID-19: Guillain–Barré syndrome and other autoimmune-mediated neuropathies
Cognitive impairment
Psychiatric symptoms
Chapter 23. The neurobiology of herpes simplex virus infection
Introduction
Epidemiology
Sites of infection and clinical disease
The HSV virion
Primary infection and entry into host cells
Reaching the central nervous system and causing disease
Host immune response to HSV infection
Host response mechanisms
Intrinsic immune response
Innate immune response
Adaptive immune response
Collateral damage by the immune response in the pathogenesis of HSV infection
Viral evasion techniques
Mechanisms that prevent gene silencing and cell apoptosis
Interference with TLR, cGAS, and IFN signaling
Effect on dendritic cell maturation, antiviral activity, and migration
Inhibition of complement activation and immune cell activation
Destruction of immune cells
Reactivation
Conclusions
Chapter 24. Zika virus: Infection of the central nervous system (CNS)
Introduction
Neurological syndromes associated with ZIKV infection
Central nervous system
Congenital Zika syndrome
Meningoencephalitis, encephalitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Transverse myelitis
Peripheral nervous system
Guillain–Barré syndrome
Other polyneuropathies
Concluding remarks
Chapter 25. Dengue fever and its neurological complications
Introduction
Epidemiology
Dengue viruses and vectors
Etiopathogenesis
Coagulopathy of dengue infection
CNS entry, neurotropism and neuropathogenesis of DENV
Clinical spectrum
Expanded dengue syndrome
Neurological complications
Dengue associated neurological complications can be classified as follows:
Dengue encephalopathy
Dengue encephalitis
Ocular manifestations
Dengue associated Stroke
Posterior Reversible Leucoencephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)
Immune-mediated neurological syndromes
Mononeuropathies
Guillain Barré syndrome and variants
Dengue and Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) with negative GQ1B Ab
Acute Transverse Myelitis
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
Neuromuscular complications
Dengue-associated hypokalemic paralysis
Myositis
Rhabdomyolysis
Myalgia
Cerebellar syndrome in dengue
Diagnosis
Dengue and COVID-19 pandemic
Treatment
Dengue vaccine development
Concluding remarks
Chapter 26. Japanese encephalitis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Flaviviruses: classification
Viral structure and determinants of pathogenicity
Host immune response to JEV
Innate immune response
Adaptive immune response
Antibody response
Viral entry and neuroinvasion
Cross-reactive immune responses among Flaviviruses
Clinical manifestations
Imaging and laboratory findings
Diagnosis
Treatment and prognosis
Prevention and control
Naturally acquired immunity
Vaccination
Immunogenicity and vaccine effectiveness
Indications for Japanese Encephalitis vaccine
Vaccination in endemic regions
Immunocompromised patients
Pregnant and lactating women
Travelers
Conclusion
Chapter 27. West Nile viruses: Infection of the central nervous system (CNS)
Viral characteristics
Transmission
Amplification and dead-end vertebrate hosts
Mosquito vectors
Clinical disease
Acute disease
Chronic sequalae
Prevention and treatment
Epidemiology
Africa and the Middle East
Europe
Asia, Australia, and Oceania
North America: United States of America
North America: Canada, Mexico, the caribbean, and Central America
South America
Conclusions
Chapter 28. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE)
Tick-borne encephalitis virus replication cycle
Cellular response to TBEV infection
Type I IFN response to TBEV
IFNAR response to TBEV
Pathogenesis
Neuroinvasion
Neuroinflammation
T lymphocyte response to TBEV
Epidemiology
Ticks and TBEV subtypes
Virus foci
Clinical features
First phase of TBE
Second phase of TBE
Mortality
Long-term sequelae
Magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography
Treatment
TBE diagnostics
Serology
PCR
Diagnosis of vaccine failure infections
Prevention: Vaccination
Vaccination schedule
Field effectiveness of TBE vaccine in Europe
Vaccine failure infections
Chapter 29. Chikungunya virus: Infection of the central nervous system
Introduction
Pathophysiology of chikungunya virus infection
Epidemiology
Diagnosis
Neurological clinical manifestations
Encephalitis
Myelitis
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Peripheral nervous system involvement
Mother-to-child chikungunya virus transmission
Treatment
Conclusion
Section V. Fungal infections of CNS
Chapter 30. Brain infections, encephalitis, and meningitis: Cryptococcus sp.
Introduction
Cryptococcal pathogenesis
Clinical presentation
Diagnosis
Treatment
Chapter 31. Central nervous system infection due to Histoplasma capsulatum
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Risk factors for Histoplasma infection
Clinical presentation
Imaging
CSF testing
Diagnosis
Treatment
Outcomes
Chapter 32. Brain infections, encephalitis, and meningitis: Coccidioides sp.
Introduction
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical manifestations
Diagnosis
Treatment
Complications
Outcomes
Summary
Chapter 33. Brain infections, encephalitis, and meningitis: Candida sp.
Introduction
Candida characteristics
Candida sp.
Life cycle of Candida sp.
Molecular diversity of Candida sp.
Transmission of Candida sp. (maternal colonization, nasopharyngeal colonization, hospital contamination [nosocomial contamination, catheters, etc.])
Epidemiology
Candida epidemiology
Association of Candida with a brain infection, including meningitis, encephalitis, brain trauma, and sepsis-associated encephalopathy
Central nervous system Candida sp. invasions that may cause brain infection, encephalitis, and meningitis pathogenesis
Mechanisms of Candida entry to the CNS
Invasion of the brain parenchyma across the blood–brain barrier
Candida and neuroinflammation (pathogen ligand-receptor interaction, recognition of bacterial infection by innate immune sensors, and adaptive immune response)
Central nervous system immune response and clinical consequences to Candida—the role of microglia, astrocytes, cytokines, chemokines, complement system, and postmortem findings of brain infection
Clinical features of Candida infections
General clinical signs
Candida—prognosis and treatment
Conclusion and future scope
Section VI. Proteins and other peripheral mediators that affect the CNS
Chapter 34. Overview of human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
Overview of prion diseases
Molecular mechanism of prion diseases
Prion strains and species barriers
Sporadic human prion diseases
Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Variably protease-sensitive prionopathy
Genetic human prion diseases
Familial Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Gerstmann–Straussler–Scheinker syndrome
Fatal familial insomnia
Acquired human prion diseases
Kuru
Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Iatrogenic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Overview of diagnosis and therapeutic approaches focused on human prion diseases
Final remarks
Chapter 35. Prion-like proteins in health and disease
Proteinopathies
Overview of functional prion-like proteins
Overview of prion-like proteins associated with disease
Pathogenic prion-like proteins through the lens of Koch's postulates
Chapter 36. Autoimmune encephalitis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Effector mechanisms
Triggers
Diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis
Considerations regarding neural antibody testing
Autoimmune encephalitis associated with neural antibodies
Limbic encephalitis
Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated one encephalitis
Anti-contactin-associated protein-like two encephalitis
Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis
Antiglial fibrillary acidic protein encephalitis
Anti-IgLON5 disease
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Antimyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies
Antibody-negative autoimmune encephalitis and Hashimoto encephalopathy
Bickerstaff encephalitis
Encephalitis as side effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
Management
Chapter 37. Encephalitis: from mechanisms to management
Introduction
Mechanisms
Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1)
VZV
West Nile virus
Enteroviruses
Autoimmune encephalitis: mechanisms of initiation
Autoantibody-mediated encephalitis
Postinfectious autoimmune encephalitis
Clinical presentation
Overview
HSV
VZV
WNV
Enteroviruses
Autoimmune encephalitis
Anti-NMDAR encephalitis
Anti-LGI1 encephalitis
Post-HSV autoimmune encephalitis
Diagnosis and management
Acyclovir- HSV and VZV
Immune therapy
WNV
Enteroviruses
Future directions
Index

Tatiana Barichello

Tatiana Barichello, Pharm., PhD, is an Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and is making strides in immunology neuropsychiatry. With a background in Pharmacy and a major in Clinical Microbiology, she brings a wealth of knowledge and expertise to studying inflammation and infection's role in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral sciences. Barichello received her Master's and Doctoral degrees in Biological Sciences (Biochemistry) from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil. Before joining the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston) in 2014, she was Dean of the School of Pharmacy and Professor at the Graduate Program in Health Sciences at the University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil. In addition, Barichello has over 100 publications and received several awards and grants as a principal investigator.

Affiliations and expertise

The University of Texas Health Science, Houston, USA

Felipe Dal-Pizzol

Felipe Dal-Pizzol, MD, PhD, is a Professor at the Medical School and Graduate Program in Health Sciences at the University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil. He is the Head of the Pathophysiology Laboratory at UNESC and Medical Coordinator at the Clinical Research Center, São José Hospital, Criociuma, SC, Brazil. Dal-Pizzol's research focuses on translational research in sepsis, mainly on the mechanisms of brain dysfunction, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. He has ongoing collaborative studies in other research areas, such as the biology of psychiatric disease. He has authored more than 320 peer-reviewed publications and, specifically, more than 100 peer-reviewed publications in the sepsis field. Besides his scientific career, he is a Research Fellow at level 1A (the highest level) from the Brazilian Ministry of Science. He is board-certified in Respiratory Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine and has been clinically active in an Academic Hospital for several years.

Affiliations and expertise

University of Southern Santa Catarina, Brazil

Rodrigo Hasbun

Rodrigo Hasbun, M.D., M.P.H., is Professor of Medicine; he obtained his medical degree at the Autonomous University of Central America in San Jose, Costa Rica in 1991. He completed his internal medicine residency at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston in 1994 and then went to Yale University for 5 years for a fellowship in Infectious Diseases and Clinical Research by obtaining a National Research Service Award grant and by enrolling in the Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program. During this time, he conducted studies in meningitis and endocarditis that have been incorporated into national guidelines. In 1999, he joined Tulane University in New Orleans where he obtained an MPH in Clinical Research and received an NIH K23 training grant to study adults with the aseptic meningoencephalitis syndrome. He joined the McGovern Medical School at UTHealth in September 2008 and has validated and expanded his meningoencephalitis study to multiple centers and to the pediatric population. In collaboration with pediatrics, he has received support from the Grant A Starr Foundation since 2010 to help advance the management of adults and children with meningitis and encephalitis and is evaluating novel technologies (such as multiplex PCR and next generation sequencing) to improve the diagnostic field. He has also obtained funding from the Baylor UT CFAR to study HIV associated neurocognitive disorders. In collaboration with the University of Houston, Dr Hasbun has expanded neurocognitive studies to other disorders such as West Nile virus infection. Additionally, as co-investigator of the R01 funded West Nile encephalitis cohort study he has led a collaborative neurological, neuropsychological, and ophthalmological evaluation of West Nile patients with a subset of patients also undergoing electromyography and volumetric MRI. He is a co-investigator of the U24-funded National Neuro AIDS Tissue Consortium that enrolls patients at Thomas Street Health. Finally, Dr Hasbun is a panel member of the first healthcare associated ventriculitis and meningitis guidelines in 2016 and is the main author for the meningitis chapters in the main textbook of infectious diseases (Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases) and in Medscape.

Affiliations and expertise

UT Health, Houston, USA

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Tatiana Barichello

Felipe Dal-Pizzol

Rodrigo Hasbun

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