Book sale: Save up to 25% on print and eBooks. No promo code needed.
Book sale: Save up to 25% on print and eBooks.
Neurobiology of Epilepsy and Aging
1st Edition - April 16, 2007
Editor: R. Eugene Ramsay
Hardback ISBN:9780123740182
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 3 7 4 0 1 8 - 2
eBook ISBN:9780080489254
9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 0 4 8 9 2 5 - 4
This volume in the International Review of Neurobiology series addresses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of epilepsy in elderly patients. Demographically, the… Read more
Purchase Options
LIMITED OFFER
Save 50% on book bundles
Immediately download your ebook while waiting for your print delivery. No promo code is needed.
This volume in the International Review of Neurobiology series addresses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of epilepsy in elderly patients. Demographically, the elderly comprise both the fastest-growing segment of the U.S. population and the adult age group with the highest incidence of epilepsy, yet there are relatively few publications devoted to this clinical subgroup. The intersection of these two complex processes—epilepsy and advancing age—will have an increasing impact on medical and community care. The etiology, prognosis, and differential diagnosis of epilepsy can all be affected by the normal aging process and by the frequent comorbidities encountered in an elderly population. Chapters in this book review the effects of aging on brain function and on drug metabolism and interactions, covering the gamut of research from animal models of aging and epilepsy to clinical trials and outcomes. Topics also include the dangers of misdiagnosing status epilepticus, the special issues encountered in recruiting and retaining elderly clinical trial participants, and the use of antiepileptic drugs in the elderly. In both the clinic and the research laboratory, a better understanding of how epilepsy may differ between younger and older patients will be valuable in determining the best possible care for geriatric patients with epilepsy.
Neuroscientists.
Dedication
Contributors to Volume 81
Acknowledgment
Epilepsy in the Elderly: Scope of the Problem
Abstract
I Introduction
II Known Knowns
III Known Unknowns
IV Unknown Unknowns
V Unknown Knowns
VI Conclusion
Animal Models in Gerontology Research
Abstract
I Animal Models in Aging Research: Considerations for Experimental Design
II The Age Factor
III Genetic Background
IV Choice of Strain
V Environmental Influences
VI Genomic Manipulations
VII Resources
Animal Models of Geriatric Epilepsy
Abstract
I Introduction
II Mouse Models
III Gerbil Model
IV Rat Models
V Conclusions
Life and Death of Neurons in The Aging Cerebral Cortex
Abstract
I Introduction
II Cortical Circuitry and Alzheimer’s Disease
III AAMI: Functional Decline Without Neuron Loss
IV Interactions Between Neural and Endocrine Senescence
V Conclusions
Acknowledgments
An in vitro model of Stroke-Induced Epilepsy: Elucidation of The roles of Glutamate and Calcium in The induction and Maintenance of Stroke-Induced Epileptogenesis
Abstract
I Introduction
II Role of Glutamate in the Pathophysiology of Stroke
III Developing an In Vitro Model of Glutamate Injury That Causes a Mixed Population of Injured and Dead Neurons in Preparations of Hippocampal Neurons in Culture
IV Development of SREDs in Neurons Surviving Injury
V Neuronal Networks Display Synchronized SREDs and Respond to Anticonvulsant Treatment
VI Use of the In Vitro Model of Stroke-Induced AE to Evaluate the Calcium Hypothesis of Epileptogenesis
VII Role of Ca2+ and NMDA Receptor Activation in Epileptogenesis
VIII Antagonism of Non-NMDA Receptor Subtypes of Glutamate Receptors Does Not Inhibit Glutamate Injury–Induced AE
IX Stroke-Induced AE Is Associated With Prolonged Elevations in Neuronal [Ca2+]i Levels and Alterations in Ca2+ Homeostatic Mechanisms
X Glutamate Injury–Induced Epileptogenesis Causes Long-Lasting Elevations in Basal Neuronal [Ca2+]i Levels
XI Epileptic Neurons Demonstrate Impaired Recovery of Resting [Ca2+]i After Brief Glutamate-Induced Ca2+ Loading
XII The Importance of In Vitro Models of Stroke-Induced AE
XIII Calcium Plays a Role in the Induction of Stroke-Induced Epileptogenesis
XIV Long-Lasting Changes in [Ca2+]i Levels and Ca2+ Homeostatic Mechanisms Play a Role in Maintaining AE
Acknowledgments
Mechanisms of Action of Antiepileptic Drugs
Abstract
I Introduction
II Modulation of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels
III Enhanced Inhibition
IV Excitation Reduction
V First-Generation AEDs
VI Second-Generation AEDs
VII Summary and Implications for the Management of the Older Patient With Epilepsy
Epidemiology and Outcomes of Status Epilepticus in The Elderly
Abstract
I Introduction
II Definitions
III The Epidemiology of SE in the Older Patient
IV Etiologies of SE in the Elderly
V Mortality of SE in the Elderly
VI Electroencephalogram
VII Treatment
VIII Conclusions
Diagnosing Epilepsy in the Elderly
Abstract
I Introduction
II Etiology
III Clinical Manifestations
IV Differential Diagnosis
V Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases
VI Confusional Migraine
VII Drug Use
VIII Infection
IX Metabolic Disturbances
X Sleep Disorders
XI Syncope
XII Psychiatric Disorders
XIII Transient Global Amnesia
XIV Dementia
XV Primary Generalized Seizures (Idiopathic)
XVI Summary
Pharmacoepidemiology in Community-Dwelling Elderly Taking Antiepileptic Drugs
Abstract
I Introduction
II Methods
III Results
IV Discussion
Acknowledgments
Use of Antiepileptic Medications In Nursing Homes
Abstract
I Introduction
II Methods
III Results
IV Discussion
Acknowledgments
Age-Related Changes in Pharmacokinetics: Predictability and Assessment Methods
Abstract
I Introduction
II The Effect of Aging on Pharmacokinetics
III Predicting Aging-Associated Pharmacokinetic Changes
IV Assessing Aging-Associated Pharmacokinetic Changes
V Conclusions
Factors affecting Antiepileptic Drug Pharmacokinetics in Community-Dwelling Elderly
Abstract
I Introduction
II Preliminary Studies of PHT and CBZ Pharmacokinetics in Community-Dwelling Elderly
III Discussion and Conclusion
Pharmacokinetics of Antiepileptic Drugs in Elderly Nursing Home Residents
Abstract
I Introduction
II Older AEDs
III Newer AEDs
The Impact of Epilepsy on Older Veterans
Abstract
I Introduction
II Methods
III Results
IV Discussion
Acknowledgments
Risk and Predictability of Drug Interactions in the Elderly
Abstract
I Introduction
II Antiepileptic Drugs Used in the Elderly
III Methods for Pharmacokinetic Evaluation
IV Antidepressants and Drugs Used to Treat Dementia
V Cardiovascular Agents
VI Conclusions
Outcomes in Elderly Patients With Newly Diagnosed and Treated Epilepsy
Abstract
I Introduction
II The Glasgow Registry
III Analysis of the 1982–2001 Cohort
IV Supplemental Analysis
V Difficulties in Diagnosing Epilepsy in the Elderly
VI Studies Comparing Newer and Older AEDs
VII Initiating AED Treatment
VIII Conclusions
Recruitment and Retention in Clinical trials of The Elderly
Abstract
I Introduction
II Recruitment Outcomes of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study 428
III Factors Influencing Recruitment
IV Cost of Recruitment
V Retention Results From VA Cooperative Study 428
Treatment of Convulsive Status Epilepticus
Abstract
I Introduction
II Presentation, Progression, and Diagnosis
III Consequences and Prognosis
IV Treatment
V Conclusions
Treatment of Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus
Abstract
I Introduction
II Diagnosis
III Neuronal Damage Models
IV Complex Partial Status Epilepticus
V NCSE in Coma
VI Typical Absence Status Epilepticus
VII Conclusions
Antiepileptic Drug Formulation and Treatment in the Elderly: Biopharmaceutical Considerations
Abstract
I Introduction
II Biopharmaceutical Considerations
III GI Function and Age
IV Conclusions
Index
Contents of Recent Volumes
No. of pages: 368
Language: English
Published: April 16, 2007
Imprint: Academic Press
Hardback ISBN: 9780123740182
eBook ISBN: 9780080489254
RR
R. Eugene Ramsay
Affiliations and expertise
International Center for Epilepsy, University of Miami, FL, USA