Neurobiology of Brain Disorders

Biological Basis of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

2nd Edition - May 19, 2022
Imprint: Academic Press
Editors: Michael J. Zigmond, Clayton A. Wiley, Marie-Françoise Chesselet
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 5 6 5 4 - 6
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 9 8 2 5 - 6

Neurobiology of Brain Disorders: Biological Basis of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Second Edition provides basic scientists a comprehensive overview of neurologi… Read more

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Neurobiology of Brain Disorders: Biological Basis of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Second Edition provides basic scientists a comprehensive overview of neurological and neuropsychiatric disease. This book links basic, translational, and clinical research, covering the genetic, developmental, molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying all major categories of brain disorders. It offers students, postdoctoral fellows, and researchers in diverse fields of neuroscience, neurobiology, neurology, and psychiatry the tools they need to obtain a basic background in the major neurological and psychiatric diseases. Topics include developmental, autoimmune, central, and peripheral neurodegeneration, infectious diseases, and diseases of higher function.

Organized by individual disorder, each chapter includes coverage of the clinical condition, diagnosis, treatment, underlying mechanisms, relevant basic and translational research, and key unanswered questions. This volume reflects progress in the field since publication of the first edition, with fully updated chapters, and new chapters on isolation, aging, global diseases, vascular diseases, and toxic/metabolic disease. New disorder coverage includes fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue, Restless Legs Syndrome, myasthenia gravis, and more.

Section I: Introductions

1. A Clinical Neuroscientist’s Overview of Disorders of the Brain
Guy McKhann

2: Disease around the world
Vijayalakshmi Ravindranath and Michael Zigmond

Section II. Developmental Disorders

3. Introduction
Aarti Ruparelia and William C. Mobley

4. Developmental Disabilities and Metabolic Disorders
Mary Lee Gregory, Vera Joanna Burton, and Bruce K. Shapiro

5. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Samuele Cortese and F. Xavier Castellanos

6. Down Syndrome: A Model for Chromosome Abnormalities
Aarti Ruparelia and William C. Mobley

7. Autism Spectrum Disorder
James C. Harris

8. Rett Syndrome: From the Involved Gene(s) to Treatment
Charlotte Kilstrup Nielsen, and Nicoletta Landsberger

9. Fragile X-Associated Disorders
Scott M. Summers and Randi Hagerman

Section III. Diseases of The Peripheral Nervous System

10. Introduction
Henry J. Kaminski

11. Myasthenia Gravis
Linda L. Kusner and Henry J. Kaminski

12. Muscular Dystrophy
Saša A. Živković and Paula R. Clemens

13. Peripheral Neuropathies
Mario A. Saporta and Michael E. Shy

14. Diabetes and Cognitive Dysfunction, Catrina Sims-Robinson
Bhumsoo Kim and Eva L. Feldman

Section IV. Diseases of the Central Nervous System and Neurodegeneration

15. Introduction
Elena Cattaneo and Alessandro Vercelli

16. Spinal Cord Injury
Alessandro Vercelli and Marina Boido

17. Vascular Diseases of the Nervous System
Raj Kalaria

18. Toxic/Metabolic Diseases of the Nervous System
Jillian Kril

19. Traumatic Brain Injury
Daniel H. Daneshvar and Ann C. McKee

19. Epilepsy
Helen E. Scharfman

20. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
O.M. Peters and R.H. Brown

21. Parkinson Disease and Other Synucleinopathies
Thomas Gasser, Thomas Wichmann, and Mahlon R. DeLong

22. Huntington Disease
Matthew P. Parsons and Lynn A. Raymond

23. Alzheimer Disease
Alena V. Savonenko, Tatiana Melnikova, Tong Li, Donald L. Price and Philip C. Wong

24. Cerebrovascular Disease – Stroke
Louis R. Caplan and Roger P. Simon

25. Prion Diseases
Paweł P. Liberski and James W. Ironside

Section V. Infectious and Immune-Mediated Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

26. Introduction
Clayton A. Wiley

27. Role of Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Stanley H. Appel, David R. Beers, and Weihua Zhao

28. Role of Inflammation in Psychiatric Disease
Charles L. Raison, Graham W. Rook, Andrew H. Miller and Tommy K. Begay

29. Infections and Nervous System Dysfunction
Krister Kristensson

30. Pathobiology of CNS Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Jennifer L. Lyons, Luis B. Tovar-y-Romo, Kiran T. Thakur, Justin C. McArthur, and Norman J. Haughey

31. Emergent Viral infections of the Nervous System
Clayton A. Wiley

32. Autoimmune and Paraneoplastic Neurological Disorders
Raffaele Iorio, Orna O’Toole, and Sean J. Pittock

33. Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue
Gordon H Guyatt

34. Multiple Sclerosis
Julia Schaeffer, Chiara Cossetti, Giulia Mallucci, and Stefano Pluchino

Section VI. Diseases of Higher Function

35. Introduction
Joseph T. Coyle

36. Disorders of Higher Cortical Function
Anna Berti, Francesca Garbarini, and Marco Neppi-Modona

37. Disorders of Frontal Lobe Function
Peter Pressman and Howard J. Rosen

38. Stress
Bruce S. McEwen

39. Addictions
Eduardo R. Butelman, Roberto Picetti, Brian Reed, Vadim Yuferov, and Mary Jeanne Kreek

40. Sleep Disorders
Birgitte Rahbek Kornum and Emmanuel Mignot

41. Restless Legs Syndrome
Christopher Earley

42. Fear-Related Anxiety Disorders and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Arshya Vahabzadeh, Charles F. Gillespie, and Kerry J. Ressler

43. Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder
Nastassja Koen and Dan J. Stein

44. Schizophrenia
Glenn T. Konopaske and Joseph T. Coyle

45. Bipolar Disorder
Heinz Grunze

46. Pain: From Neurobiology to Disease
Michael S. Gold and Miroslav Backonja

47. Migraine, David Borsook
Nasim Maleki, and Rami Burstein

48. Depression and Suicide
Maura Boldrini and J. John Mann

Section VII. Diseases of the Nervous System and Society

49. Introduction
Michael J. Zigmond

50. The Neurological and Psychiatric Consequence of Aging
Thad Polk

51. Advances in Ethics for the Neuroscience Agenda
Judy Illes and Peter B. Reiner

52. Burden of Neurological Disease
Mitchell T. Wallin and John F. Kurtzke

53. Stress, Health, and Disparities
Zinzi D. Bailey and David R. Williams

54: The impact of isolation on brain health
Richard Smeyne

Michael J. Zigmond

Affiliation: Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A

Over the past year, Dr. Zigmond and his research team have continued their studies of cellular and animal models to examine Parkinson's disease (PD), which they believe is a multi-factorial disorder. A major focus of the lab is the role of intracellular signaling cascades in determining the viability of dopamine (DA) neurons. They hypothesize, for example, that trophic factors such as GDNF and oxidative stress can both stimulate intracellular survival cascades, including those involving MAP kinases. They further believe that endogenous trophic factor expression can be enhanced by exercise which in turn can be neuroprotective. And they have evidence that protection also can derive from acute exposure to low levels of a neurotoxin, a form of preconditioning. Last year their work included studies of the impact of oxidative stress induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), a DA analogue that is concentrated in DA cells and rapidly breaks down to form reactive oxygen species. Results from these and other studies suggest that DA neurons react to stress by initiating a set of protective responses. Learning more about these responses may provide insights into new treatment modalities for PD.

In the coming year, Dr. Zigmond will continue to focus on understanding the strategies DA neurons use to reduce their vulnerability to intracellular stress. For example, studies are underway to determine if inhibition of trophic actor action or of kinase activation will block neuroprotection seen with exercise or GDNF or increase 6-OHDA toxicity. Some of these studies involve the preparation of molecular biological tools that maintain kinases in a constitutively or dominant negative state and/or localize a kinase to the cytoplasm or the nucleus. In addition, histochemical methods are being developed to quantify kinase levels in different cellular compartments of identified cells.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

Clayton A. Wiley

Dr. Wiley completed his undergraduate training at the University of Chicago (1976) and his MD/PhD training in Neurosciences at the University of California San Diego (1981). This was followed by Anatomical Pathology residency at University of California San Francisco, where he participated in the first autopsies performed on what later became known as AIDS. Returning to UCSD, he completed his Neuropathology fellowship and began a lifelong career studying the pathogenesis of viral infections of the nervous system. In 1985 Dr. Wiley was appointed Assistant Professor of Pathology at UCSD. He advanced to the rank of full professor before being recruited to the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center as Director of the Division of Neuropathology and its fellowship program in 1993. Dr. Wiley has maintained an active NIH funded research program investigating the pathogenesis of viral mediated neurodegeneration. During his career he has participated in the discovery of 4 emergent viral infections of the CNS (HIV, WNV, Zika, Human Parechovirus 3). Dr. Wiley has published over 250 peer-reviewed publications and was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1997. Currently his research is focused on the role of innate and adaptive immunity in protecting the brain from viral infections. Throughout his professional career, Dr. Wiley has been actively involved in educating physician scientists at both pre- and postgraduate stages. From 1997 to 2012 he served as Director of the Pittsburgh Medical Scientist Training Program and Associate Dean in the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. During this time he was actively involved in the National Association of MD/PhD Programs and the MD/PhD Section of the GREAT group in the AAMC where he served as President and Chair respectively. He also served on the AAMC Council of Academic Societies Task Force on Dual Degree Programs.

Affiliations and expertise

Clinical Neuropathologist, Pathology Division, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA, USA

Marie-Françoise Chesselet

After receiving her M.D. and Ph.D. degrees in Paris, France, she held research positions in France and faculty positions at the Medical College of Pennsylvania and the University of Pennsylvania, before joining UCLA in 1996. At UCLA, Dr. Chesselet chaired the Department of Neurobiology from 2002 to 2013 and was Interim Chair of the Department of Neurology (2015-2016). At UCLA, she created the Center for the Study of Parkinson’s Disease and directed the NINDS-funded UCLA Udall Center for Parkinson’s disease research, the NIEHS-funded UCLA Center for Gene Environment in Parkinson’s Disease, and the UCLA Advanced Center for Parkinson’s Disease Research of the American Parkinson Disease Association (APDA). Dr. Chesselet has directed graduate programs at the University of Pennsylvania and UCLA and the NINDS-funded Training Program in Neural Repair from 1998 to 2014. Until her retirement in 2016, her laboratory conducted research on the molecular mechanisms of disorders of the basal ganglia and new treatments for Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases. Her work has been extensively supported by the NIH, the Department of Defense, the Michael J. Fox Foundation, Cure HD Initiative, the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, and several biopharmaceutical companies. She has served on the National Advisory Environmental Health Sciences Council, on Science Advisory Boards of the Hereditary Disease Foundation, the APDA, the Restless Leg Syndrome Foundation, the Michael J. Fox Foundation, as a member of the Scientific Committees for the NIH, the French National Research Agency, Canadian Weston Brain Institute, Canadian Vanier Fellowships, and the Italian Telethon, and consults for several biotech companies. Dr. Chesselet is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, retiring chair and secretary of its section on Neuroscience, and is the President of the World Parkinson Coalition.

Affiliations and expertise

Emeritus Distinguished Professor, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology and Emeritus Charles H. Markham Professor of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, USA

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Neurobiology of Brain Disorders

Biological Basis of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

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Michael J. Zigmond

Clayton A. Wiley

Marie-Françoise Chesselet

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