Neonatal Care for Nurses and Midwives

Principles for Practice 2nd Edition

2nd Edition - August 8, 2022
Editors: Victoria Kain, Trudi Mannix
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 7 2 9 5 - 4 3 8 9 - 7
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 7 2 9 5 - 9 7 8 3 - 8
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 7 2 9 5 - 9 7 8 2 - 1

Written by neonatal nurses and midwives for nurses and midwives, the 2nd edition highlights the collaborative nature of neonatal care and the provision of individualise… Read more

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Written by neonatal nurses and midwives for nurses and midwives, the 2nd edition highlights the collaborative nature of neonatal care and the provision of individualised, developmentally and culturally appropriate, family-centred care.

Spanning all neonatal care levels and considerations, across special care baby units (SCBU) and neonatal intensive care units (NICU), the text comprehensively addresses newborn screening, resuscitation, interdisciplinary teamwork, retrievals and transport; stabilisation of the high-risk newborn; legal and ethical issues; care of the normal newborn and end-of-life care in the neonatal unit.

With an increased focus on the role of the midwife within the neonatal environment, the text is ideally suited to undergraduate nursing and midwifery students and as an introductory text for postgraduate neonatal intensive care specialisation.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
Foreword by Professor Karen Walker
About the Authors
Contributors
Reviewers
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
1. Neonatal nursing: Global perspectives
Introduction
Types of neonatal units
The design of the neonatal unit
An overview of neonatal statistics
The global neonatal and midwifery workforce
Neonatal care and indigenous contexts
Perspectives of neonatal care for first peoples
Clinical governance
Person-centred care framework
Leadership
Organisational culture
Teamwork
Workplace environment
Neonatal simulation training
The role of neonatal nursing and midwifery organisations
Conclusion
Recommended reading
Online resources
References/acknowledgements
2. Care of the normal newborn
Introduction
Initial care of the normal newborn
Gestational age assessment
Normal sleep and wake cycles
Normal vital signs
Measurements
Daily care
Early sense capacities
Newborn screening tests
Vitamin K prophylaxis
Newborn immunisations
Safe sleeping
Feeding the healthy newborn
Conclusion
Recommended reading
Online resources
References/acknowledgements
3. Neonatal assessment
Introduction
The impact of perinatal history on the growing fetus
Maternal disease
Social behaviours
Physical assessment of the newborn
Classification according to growth and maturity
Gestational age and birthweight
Growth charts
Conclusion
Recommended reading
References/acknowledgements
4. Stabilisation and resuscitation of the neonate
Introduction
Resuscitation at birth
Transition from fetal to extrauterine life
Supporting transition and neonatal resuscitation
Birthing suite management of neonates with additional requirements
Resuscitation in the neonatal special care unit and postnatal wards
Education and training in neonatal resuscitation
Conclusion
References/acknowledgements
5. Nutrition and fluid management in the neonatal unit
Introduction
Development of the gastrointestinal tract
Standardised feeding protocols and audits
Total parenteral nutrition
Enteral nutrition
Breast milk expression
Conclusion
Recommended reading
Online resources
References/acknowledgements
6. Care of the extremely low birthweight neonate
Introduction
Factors contributing to neonates being born at low birthweight
Neonatal transport decisions
‘Small baby’ protocols
Preparation for admission of the ELBW neonate
Conclusion
Online resources
References/acknowledgements
7. Neonatal retrievals and transport
Introduction
Data informing clinical care for neonatal retrievals
Geographical considerations and levels of care
Tasking and clinical coordination
Equipment
Neonatal stabilisation for retrievals
Physiological considerations for the neonate during transport
Parental family support
Conclusion
Appendix
Recommended reading
Online resources
References/acknowledgements
8. Neonatal thermoregulation
Introduction
Physiology of thermoregulation
Mechanisms of thermoregulation
Mechanisms of heat transfer
Temperature measurement
Strategies to support thermoregulation in neonatal care
Evidence base for thermoregulation practices
Involving the family in best thermoregulation practice
Conclusion
Recommended reading
References/acknowledgements
9. Care of the neonate with a respiratory disorder
Introduction
Embryological development of the respiratory system
Signs and symptoms of respiratory disease
Oxygenation in the neonate
Common disorders of the respiratory system
Acid–base homeostasis and blood gas interpretation
Respiratory monitoring
Oxygen therapy
Conclusion
Further reading
Online resources
References/acknowledgements
10. Care of the neonate with a cardiovascular disorder
Introduction
Embryological development of the heart
Epidemiology
Incidence
Causes
Diagnosis
Physical examination
Congenital heart disease by lesion
Obstructive defects
Non-structural cardiac conditions
Neonatal arrhythmias
Surgical management of congenital heart disease
Non-surgical management
Parenting and congenital heart disease
Conclusion
Online resources
Resources for congenital heart defects
References/acknowledgements
11. Care of the neonate with a haematological disorder
Introduction
Developmental haematology
Erythrocyte disorders
Hyperbilirubinaemia (neonatal jaundice)
The haemostatic system (coagulation disorders)
Blood components replacement therapy
Conclusion
Online resources
References/acknowledgements
12. Care of the neonate with a gastrointestinal disorder
Introduction
Embryological and fetal development of the gastrointestinal system
Feeding intolerance
Gastro-oesophageal reflux
Cholestasis
Bowel obstruction
Necrotising enterocolitis
Conclusion
Further reading
Online resources
References/acknowledgements
13. Care of the neonate with a neurological disorder
Introduction
Embryological and fetal development of the central nervous system
Anatomy and physiology of the neonatal central nervous system
Neonatal seizures
Neural tube defects
Microcephaly
Craniosynostosis
Birth trauma
Neonatal intracranial haemorrhage
Skull fractures
Nerve injuries
Perinatal stroke
Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy
Meningitis
Cerebral palsy
Neonatal nursing/midwifery considerations
Conclusion
Online resources
References/acknowledgements
14. Care of the neonate with a renal or genitourinary disorder
Introduction
Embryological development
Renal anatomy
Neonatal renal physiology
Common disorders
Conclusion
Recommended reading
References/acknowledgements
15. Care of the neonate with a metabolic or endocrine disorder
Introduction
Metabolic adaptation
Neonatal energy sources and glucose homeostasis
Hypoglycaemia
The insulin pathway
Hyperglycaemia
The endocrine system
Disorders of the endocrine system
Conclusion
Online resources
NBS programs
Organisations supporting families affected by rare disorders
Further reading
References/acknowledgements
16. Care of the neonate with an infection
Introduction
Epidemiology
Functions and components of the immune system
Embryology and limitations of the neonatal immune system
Transmission of infection to the neonate
Clinical assessment
Diagnostic screening
Medical and pharmacological treatment of neonatal infection
Nursing care of the septic neonate
Conclusion
Recommended reading/online resources
References/acknowledgements
17. Care of the neonate with a congenital abnormality
Introduction
Congenital abnormalities of the respiratory system
Congenital abnormalities of the gastrointestinal system
Anorectal malformations
Congenital abnormalities of the cardiovascular system
Congenital abnormalities of the oral and craniofacial regions
Congenital abnormalities of the neurological system
Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract
Pelvic–ureteric junction and vesico-ureteric junction obstruction
Congenital abnormalities of the integumentary system
Miscellaneous congenital abnormalities
Common chromosomal disorders
Conclusion
Further reading
References/acknowledgements
18. Neonatal pain management
Introduction
Historical perspective and sources of neonatal pain
Epidemiology of painful procedures
Non-pharmacological strategies to reduce pain and distress
Pharmacological strategies to reduce pain and distress
Promoting evidence-based pain management practices
Conclusion
Online resources
References/acknowledgements
19. Neonatal skin and wound care
Introduction
Embryological and fetal development
Preterm and term skin
Functions of the skin
Principles of neonatal skin care
Bathing
Umbilical cord care
Procedural skin disinfectants
Skin injury and wounds
Neonatal skin assessment tools
Stoma care
Conclusion
References/acknowledgements
20. Neonatal abstinence syndrome
Introduction
Pathophysiology of NAS
Epidemiology
Key aspects of antenatal care
Psychosocial aspects of postnatal care
Clinical manifestations of NAS
Maternal drugs that contribute to NAS
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Scoring tools available for assessment of NAS
Non-pharmacological interventions for NAS
Biomarkers for testing substance abuse in neonates
Pharmaceutical management of NAS/NOWS
Preparation for discharge
Home weaning
Follow-up
Conclusion
Online resources
References
21. Family-centred care in the neonatal care unit
Introduction
Normal attachment and bonding and the effects of separation
Parents’ experiences in the neonatal unit
Principles of family-centred care
Family-integrated care
Developmental care, kangaroo care and skin-to-skin care
Meeting the cultural, religious and spiritual needs of families
Caring for vulnerable families
Adolescent parents in the neonatal unit
Fathers in the neonatal unit
Social and psychosocial challenges in the neonatal unit
Conclusion
Recommended reading
Online resources
References/acknowledgements
22. Developmentally focused neonatal care
Introduction
Relationship-based care and co-regulation
The changing neonatal unit environment
Care-giving strategies to enhance behavioural development
Interpretation of neonatal behaviour
Implementing developmental care in the clinical setting
Conclusion
Online resources
References
23. Legal and ethical issues in the neonatal unit
Introduction
Common law and civil law torts applicable to neonatal nurses/midwives
Medication errors
Privacy and confidentiality
Documentation in healthcare records
Professional accountability issues in the neonatal unit
Child protection
Criminal law issues
The role of the coroner
Role of the neonatal nurse/midwife in ethical decision making
A framework for ethical decision making
Conclusion
Recommended reading
Online resources
References/acknowledgements
24. End-of-life care in the neonatal unit
Introduction
The goals of end-of-life care
End-of-life care management
Palliative care in practice
Immediate post-death care of the neonate
Bereavement care
Conclusion
Online resources
References/acknowledgements
25. Discharge planning and follow-up care
Introduction
Discharge planning
Transfer of the neonate between neonatal units
The role of the discharge coordinator
Long-term follow-up
Conclusion
Online resources
References/acknowledgements
Glossary
Appendices
Index

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Neonatal Care for Nurses and Midwives

Principles for Practice 2nd Edition

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Victoria Kain

Trudi Mannix