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Natural Resources in Afghanistan
Geographic and Geologic Perspectives on Centuries of Conflict
1st Edition - June 4, 2014
Author: John F. Shroder
Hardback ISBN:9780128001356
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eBook ISBN:9780128005453
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Natural Resources in Afghanistan: Geographic and Geologic Perspectives on Centuries of Conflict details Afghanistan's physical geography — namely climate, soils, vegetation,… Read more
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Natural Resources in Afghanistan: Geographic and Geologic Perspectives on Centuries of Conflict details Afghanistan's physical geography — namely climate, soils, vegetation, water, hazards, and basic geologic background and terrain landforms — together with details of its rich natural resources, ethnic problems, and relevant past histories. The book couples these details with the challenges of environmental degradation and new environmental management and protection, all of which are considered finally in both pessimistic and optimistic modes. The reader comes away with a nuanced understanding of the issues that are likely to have great affect for this pivotal region of the world for decades to come.
With an estimated $1-3 trillion dollars of ore in the ground, and multiple cross-reinforcing cancellations of big Asian power machinations (China, India, Iran, Pakistan), Afghanistan has an opportunity to gain more economic independence. At the same time, however, historic forces of negativity also pull it back toward the chaos and uncertainty that has defined the country and constrained its economic progress for decades.
Authored by the world’s foremost expert on the geology and geomorphology of Afghanistan and its lucrative natural resources
Aids in the understanding of the physical environment, natural hazards, climate-change situations, and natural resources in one of the most geographically diverse and dangerous terrains in the world
Provides new concepts of resource-corridor development in a country with no indigenous expertise of its resources
Primary audience includes geologists, geomorphologists, and mineralogists. Government and military officials comprise the secondary audience. Others include the United Nations, World Bank, embassy and aid organizations.
Dedication
Acknowledgments
Foreword
Preface
List of Acronyms
1. Introduction: Historical Overview of Afghanistan at War
Historical Overview
Timeline of Wars in Afghanistan
Chronology of Events
Part I. Overview of the Geology and Geography of Afghanistan
Introduction
2. Rock and Landform Jigsaw Puzzles
Bedrock Geology, Structure, and Surficial Sediments
Geomorphologic Mapping of Afghanistan
3. Terrains of Torment
Geomorphologic Subdivision of Afghanistan
Transpressional Plate Boundary Geomorphic Region (TPB Region)
Accreted Terranes Geomorphic Region (AT Region)
Middle Afghanistan Shear Zone Geomorphic Region (MASZ Region)
North Afghanistan Platform Geomorphic Region (NAP Region)
4. Soils and Vegetation In extremis
Climate
Soils
Biogeography (Vegetation)
5. Watersheds of Want
Hydrologic Cycle in Afghanistan
6. Ethnic Patchworks
7. Silk Road Nexus
Roads and Highways
Railroads
Pipelines
Electrical Power Grid
Air Transport, Airports and the Afghan Air Force
Seaports
Coalition Military Supply Routes
8. Hazards and Disasters in Afghanistan
Earthquakes
Landslides
Floods
Droughts
Sandstorms
Extreme Weather Events
Climate Change
Part II. Introduction to Resources: Bones of Contention or Solutions to Interminable War?
Introduction
9. Afghanistan Border Fixing
Afghanistan–Central Asian Borders
The Afghanistan–Chinese Border
Afghanistan–Pakistan Border—The Durand Line
Afghanistan–Persian Border
Partition of Afghanistan
Cases for Partition
Cases against Partition
10. Lost Resource Opportunities
11. Discovery of Rich Resources
Natural Gas
Oil
Coal
Cement
Copper
Iron
12. Rich Resource Exploitations, Resource Curses, and Resource Wars
Resource Curse
Escaping the Resource Curse
Resource War
Resource Law
Aynak Copper
Hajigak Iron
Gold
Rare Metals and Rare Earths
Chromite
Gemstones
13. Air and Space Technology in Resource Delineation: Peace and War
14. Resource Rushes in Afghanistan
Military Nation Building in Afghanistan
Task Force for Business and Stability Operations
Mineral Bidding Packages
Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative
Neighboring Countries Desiring Access to Resources
15. Resource Corridors
Northern Hydrocarbons Resource Corridor Segment
Southeast Copper Resource Corridor Segment
Cross Hindu Kush Resource Corridor Segment
Steel and Energy Resource Corridor Link Segment
Southeast Extension
Southwest Extension
Northwest Extension
Part III. Overview of Environment and Development of Afghanistan
Introduction
16. Afghanistan Environment and Development Issues
John (Jack) F. Shroder graduated from Union College’s Geology Program in 1961, received a Masters degree at the University of Massachusetts – Amherst in 1963, and a doctorate at the University of Utah in 1967. His first academic job was two years at the University of Malawi in Africa, before he joined the faculty at the University of Nebraska at Omaha (UNO) in 1969, where he remained for most of the next four decades. In the late 1970s he also spent several years on an NSF grant and a Fulbright at Kabul University in Afghanistan and then in 1983-84 he had another Fulbright to Peshawar University in Pakistan. These experiences led to many years of research in the Hindu Kush and western Himalaya which continued through a host of grants and the thick and thin of the interminable war years and terrorist threats over there. Finally in the post 9/11 world, the difficulties of dealing with the increasing terrorism and avoidance of problems in the field forced a cessation of further work in those difficult countries. Also the declining US economy led to so many other problems at UNO that in summer of 2011, Dr. Shroder stopped teaching his required geology major courses and attempted to retire to his and his wife Susie’s new house in Crested Butte, Colorado. This lasted barely a month before UNO pressured him to return at a vastly reduced part-time salary to once again cover his geomorphology class for the fall semester, 2011. But in the interim, Jack had begun a new editing career for the Elsevier publishing company so that he was spending more of his time producing new volumes of work in geomorphology and hazards analysis. With 30 volumes written or edited by 2012, and 9 more deep into the planning stages, the future of such work for him in his retirement years seems certain. These books go together with the more than 150 other scientific papers he is continuing to publish. Dr. Shroder is a Fellow of the Geological Society of America and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The Board of Trustees of the Foundation of the Geological Society of America also asked Jack to join them for the next six years as well, so his deep interests in geology will be maintained. The Association of American Geographers has given Dr. Shroder distinguished career awards twice, once for their Mountain Specialty Group in 2001, and again for their Geomorphology Specialty Group in 2010.