Natural Molecules in Neuroprotection and Neurotoxicity

1st Edition - December 22, 2023
Editor: Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 3 7 6 3 - 8
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 3 7 6 4 - 5

Natural Molecules in Neuroprotection and Neurotoxicity brings together research in the area of natural compounds and their dual effects of neuroprotection and neurotoxi… Read more

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Natural Molecules in Neuroprotection and Neurotoxicity brings together research in the area of natural compounds and their dual effects of neuroprotection and neurotoxicity when interacting with brain cells. This two volume set is organized into four sections that address molecular mechanism underlying neuroprotection and neurotoxicity, neuroprotection mediated by natural molecules, neurotoxicity induced by natural compounds and nanotechnology-related strategies utilized in neuroprotection.

Written by well-known researchers all over the world, chapters provide an in-depth analysis of numerous molecules, such as algae, plant and fungus-derived molecules, and comprehensively discuss their mechanisms of action and possible clinical applications. This set provides an essential reference for researchers and clinical scientists interested in the effects of natural compounds on the human health and disease.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
VOLUME 1
List of contributors
Preface-volume1
Part I: Overview on neuroprotection and neurotoxicity
Chapter 1. Natural molecules in neuroprotection and neurotoxicity in neurodegenerative diseases
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Fruits and vegetables
1.3 Herbs and spices
1.4 Coffee
1.5 Tea
1.6 Wine
1.7 Olive oil
1.8 Nuts
1.9 Chocolate
1.10 Fish
1.11 Dairy products
1.12 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 2. The sea as a source of neuroprotective and other health-protective molecules
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Neuroprotective molecules from sea
2.3 Neuroprotective compounds from seaweeds
2.4 Extraction methodologies
2.5 Development of functional foods and nutraceuticals
2.6 Conclusion and future prospects
References
Chapter 3. Can venoms be used in neuroprotection?
Abstract
3.1 Animal venoms
3.2 Neuroprotection
3.3 Animal venoms with neuroprotective compounds
3.4 Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 4. Polyphenol-gut microbiota interplay in neuroprotection
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Polyphenols
4.3 Polyphenols and gut microbiota
4.4 Polyphenols’ bioactivity
4.5 Polyphenols and neuroprotection
4.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5. Medical potentials of natural neuroprotectants derived from herbal extracts and their phytochemicals
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Herbs and natural products as treatments for neurodegenerative diseases
5.3 Concluding remarks
Acknowledgment
Conflict of interest
Consent for publication
References
Chapter 6. Redox impairment in affective disorders and therapeutic potential of phenolic bioactive compounds
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Affective disorders
6.3 Oxidative stress and affective disorders
6.4 Some potential bioactive substances in therapy against oxidative stress
6.5 Phenolic compounds and therapeutic potential in affective disorders
6.6 Considerations and conclusion
References
Chapter 7. How the endoplasmic reticulum staggers toward failure: new targets for neuroprotection
Abstract
7.1 Perturbed endoplasmic reticulum structure in neuronal damage
7.2 Deregulation of endoplasmic reticulum-calcium homeostasis
7.3 The unfolded protein response and neurodegenerative disease
7.4 The endoplasmic reticulum as a target for new therapies
7.5 Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 8. Modulation of neuroinflammation by natural molecules
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Neuroinflammation in neurological disease and molecular targets of neuroinflammation in neurological disease
8.3 Natural molecules in the regulation of neuroinflammation in neurological diseases
8.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 9. Epigenetic modulations induced by natural products
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Epigenetic mechanisms of natural products
9.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10. Modulation of enteric glial cells by nutraceuticals during pathological processes
Abstract
Abbreviations
10.1 Introduction: nutraceuticals and enteric glial cells
10.2 Amino acids: L-glutamine and L-glutathione
10.3 Fatty acids: omega-6 derivatives
10.4 Polyphenols
10.5 Cannabinoids and cannabinoid-like compounds
10.6 Mushrooms, plants, and seeds
10.7 Prebiotics and probiotics
10.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Funding
References
Chapter 11. Natural molecules in the treatment of schizophrenia
Abstract
11.1 Schizophrenia
11.2 Etiology
11.3 Pharmacological treatment and its side effects
11.4 Nonpharmacological treatment of schizophrenia with natural molecules
11.5 Conclusion and future directions
References
Chapter 12. Antitumor effects induced by natural molecules in the brain
Abstract
12.1 Glioblastoma: a challenging brain malignancy
12.2 Natural molecules of interest
12.3 Mechanistic effects of natural molecules
12.4 Challenges and considerations in the application of natural molecules
12.5 Clinical implications
12.6 Conclusions and outlook
References
Chapter 13. Understanding the neurogenic potential of flavonoids and their application for neurodegenerative diseases
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Origin, classification, and chemistry of flavonoids
13.3 Metabolism
13.4 Flavonoids and the brain
13.5 Neurogenesis and flavonoids
13.6 The enteric nervous system, flavonoids, and diet
13.7 Flavonoid: clinical trials
13.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14. Transcriptomics to investigate neurotoxicity and neuroprotection
Abstract
Abbreviations
14.1 Natural products and transcriptomics
14.2 Transcriptomics to understand neurotoxicity of natural products
14.3 Transcriptomics to elucidate venom toxicity in the central nervous system
14.4 Adverse outcome pathway (AOPs) for neurotoxicity of natural products
14.5 Transcriptomics to understand mechanism of neuroprotection of natural products
14.6 Case study: transcriptomics and resveratrol in the central nervous system
14.7 Future directions for transcriptomics to study toxins and natural products
Acknowledgments
References
Part II: Neuroprotection mediated by natural molecules
Section I: Algae-derived molecules
Chapter 15. Neuroprotection induced by fucoxanthin
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Fucoxanthin, the bioactive compound of seaweeds
15.3 Biological activities of fucoxanthin as an antioxidant
15.4 Future prospects
References
Chapter 16. C-Phycocyanin and Phycocyanobilin for neuroprotection: a deep dive into the biological processes involved
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Antioxidant properties of C-Phycocyanin/Phycocyanobilin
16.3 C-Phycocyanin/Phycocyanobilin antiinflammatory actions
16.4 Effects of C-Phycocyanin/Phycocyanobilin against excitotoxicity-induced damage
16.5 Effects of C-Phycocyanin/Phycocyanobilin against hypoxia-induced injury to the brain
16.6 Effects of C-Phycocyanin/Phycocyanobilin against apoptosis
16.7 Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Section II: Animal-derived molecules
Chapter 17. Bee venom and neuroprotection
Abstract
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Multiple sclerosis
17.3 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
17.4 Parkinson’s disease
17.5 Other neurological conditions
17.6 Bee venom delivery and potential adverse effects
References
Chapter 18. Frog-derived peptides and neuroprotection
Abstract
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Frog-derived peptides as therapeutic agents
18.3 Redox biology
18.4 Microglia
18.5 Ischemic stroke
18.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 19. Neuroprotection mediated by snake venom
Abstract
19.1 Composition of snake venom
19.2 Snake venom compounds and their neuroprotective potential
19.3 Neuroprotective peptides from snake venom
References
Chapter 20. Spider toxins
Abstract
20.1 Neuroprotection mediated by spider venom
20.2 Conclusion
References
Section III: Human endogenous molecules
Chapter 21. Endogenous molecules in neuroprotection: Acetyl-L-carnitine
Abstract
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Conclusion
References
Chapter 22. Neuroprotective potential of coenzyme Q10
Abstract
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Coenzyme q10
22.3 Neurodegenerative disorders and efficacy of coenzyme Q10
22.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 23. Creatine in neuroprotection and neurotoxicity
Abstract
23.1 Creatine in bioenergetic pathways
23.2 Impact of creatine on brain bioenergetics
23.3 Neuroprotective impacts of creatine
23.4 Creatine improves brain physiology
23.5 Creatine in diseases of the brain: preclinical models and clinical trials
23.6 Creatine supplementation: limitations and variability
23.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 24. Neuroprotection induced by erythropoietin
Abstract
24.1 Erytrhopoietin
24.2 Molecules that bind erythropoietin
24.3 Erythropoietin in the nervous system
24.4 Erythropoietin action on apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation
24.5 Signaling pathways activated by erythropoietin
24.6 Other mediators of erythropoietin in the brain
24.7 Erythropoietin in different pathologies
24.8 Alternative erythropoietins
24.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 25. Neuroprotection by estrogens
Abstract
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Mechanisms of neuroprotection by estrogens and estrogenic compounds
25.3 Selected examples of neuroprotection by compounds with estrogen receptor-binding affinity
25.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 26. Sex hormones in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration
Abstract
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Male and females sex hormones: biosynthesis in gonads and biotransformation in peripheral tissues
26.3 Biological effects of sex hormones on the central nervous system
26.4 Mechanisms of sex hormones effects in the central nervous system
26.5 Role of hormone replacement therapy in alleviating human brain diseases
26.6 Future directions
Acknowledgment
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 27. Neuroprotective efficacy of melatonin in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders
Abstract
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Melatonin
27.3 Melatonin cascade
27.4 Regulation of melatonin
27.5 Melatonin as an antioxidant
27.6 Melatonin as a natural protective agent
27.7 Conclusion and future perspective
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 28. Neuroprotection induced by neurotrophic factors
Abstract
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 29. Neuroprotection induced by nucleosides
Abstract
29.1 Introduction
29.2 Therapeutic targets of nucleosides against neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders
29.3 Nucleosides in brain cancer treatment
29.4 Concluding remarks and perspectives
References
Chapter 30. Taurine role in neuroprotection
Abstract
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Osmoregulatory role of taurine
30.3 Cellular actions of taurine
30.4 Effects of taurine on the function of neuronal circuits
30.5 Taurine induces biochemical alterations in the brain
30.6 Taurine protects the endocrine pancreas and alters insulin signal transduction in the brain
30.7 Conclusion
References
Part III: Neurotoxicity induced by natural molecules
Section IV: Bacteria-derived molecules
Chapter 31. Neurotoxicity of Clostridium perfringens type D enterotoxemia
Abstract
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Part I: neurotoxicity
31.3 Part II: neuroprotection
31.4 Conclusion
References
Section V: Cyanobacteria-derived molecules
Chapter 32. Neurotoxicity induced by cyanobacteria-derived molecules
Abstract
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Primary neurotoxins
32.3 Other cyanotoxins with neurotoxic potential
32.4 Detection methods and assessing neurotoxicity
32.5 Future needs
32.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 33. Neurotoxicity induced by the microbial metabolite β-methylamino-L-alanine: pathways and mechanisms
Abstract
33.1 Introduction
33.2 Natural environmental sources of β-N-methylamino-L-alanine
33.3 β-N-methylamino-L-alanine-associated human neurodegeneration
33.4 β-N-methylamino-L-alanine-induced toxicity in cellular and animal models
33.5 β-N-methylamino-L-alanine pathways to neurodegeneration
33.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 34. Domoic acid: experimental and clinical neurotoxicity in vivo
Abstract
34.1 Chemistry, sources, and mechanisms of action
34.2 Pharmacokinetics
34.3 Experimental toxicity
34.4 Clinical neurotoxicity in wildlife
34.5 Clinical neurotoxicity in humans
34.6 Summary
References
Section VI: Plant-derived molecules
Chapter 35. Neurotoxicity induced by caffeine in the thalamocortical system: role of intracellular calcium-dependent mechanisms and intrinsic properties
Abstract
Abbreviations
35.1 Caffeine effects on the central nervous system
35.2 Consequences of caffeine and other stimulants abuse on thalamocortical physiology
35.3 Intrinsic properties (ionic channels) of thalamocortical neurons are key targets of stimulants
35.4 Modulation of T-type and HCN/two-pore channels by stimulants: intracellular [Ca2+] levels
35.5 Action potential frequency can also be modulated by psychostimulant, “PACO-like” treatment
35.6 Intracellular pathways and stimulants impact on [Ca2+]-dynamics
35.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Funding sources
References
Chapter 36. Neurotoxicity and neuroprotection induced by plant-derived cannabinoids
Abstract
36.1 Introduction
36.2 The endocannabinoid system
36.3 Δ9THC-associated neurotoxicity
36.4 Cannabidiol-associated neuroprotection
36.5 Cannabidiol-associated diseases
36.6 Cannabidiol neuroprotection in human studies
36.7 Conclusion
Funding
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 37. Ureases: neurotoxicity of Canavalia ensiformis ureases in the rodent and insect nervous systems
Abstract
37.1 Ureases
37.2 Canavalia ensiformis (Jack bean) ureases
37.3 Seizures and Jack bean ureases: rodent models
37.4 Electrophysiology in Xenopus laevis oocytes
37.5 Neurotoxicity of Canavalia ensiformis ureases in the rodent central nervous system. Conclusions
37.6 Canavalia ensiformis urease and the neurotoxicity in insect models
37.7 Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Section VII: Animal-derived molecules
Chapter 38. Neurotoxicity induced by scorpion venom
Abstract
38.1 Introduction
38.2 Scorpions of medical importance
38.3 Scorpion venom: characteristics of the neurotoxic components
38.4 Pathogenic and neurotoxic mechanisms
38.5 Clinical manifestations in humans
38.6 Treatment against neurotoxicity caused by scorpion venom
38.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 39. Anuran-derived molecules from the Pampa biome in southern Brazil
Abstract
39.1 Anuran species found in the southern Brazil state of Rio Grande do Sul
39.2 Anuran toxic secretion
References
Section VIII: Human-endogenous molecules
Chapter 40. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of ammonia-induced neurotoxicity: a neurotherapeutic prospect
Abstract
40.1 Introduction
40.2 Cellular and molecular mechanisms of brain injury induced by NH4+
40.3 Therapeutic approaches
40.4 Outlook
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of interest
References
Chapter 41. Neurotoxicity induced by biliverdin and bilirubin
Abstract
41.1 Review of bilirubin metabolism
41.2 Chemical structure of bilirubin and its multiplicity in circulation
41.3 Disturbed bilirubin metabolism
41.4 Neonatal jaundice
41.5 Gilbert’s syndrome
41.6 Bilirubin neurotoxicity
41.7 Neuroprotective effects of bilirubin
41.8 Therapeutic implications of bilirubin- and bilirubin-related pigments
References
Chapter 42. Neurotoxicity induced by glycotoxins
Abstract
Abbreviations
42.1 Introduction
42.2 Glycotoxins: definition, classification, and sources
42.3 Production, elimination, and cytotoxicity of methylglyoxal
42.4 Glycotoxins, oxidative stress, and brain aging
42.5 Glycotoxins and neurodegeneration
42.6 Glycation in neurodegenerative diseases: a focus on sporadic Alzheimer’s disease
42.7 Glycotoxins and mitochondria in neurodegeneration
42.8 Conclusion
42.9 Credit
References
Chapter 43. Amyloids as endogenous toxicants in neurodegenerative diseases
Abstract
43.1 Introduction
43.2 Brain endogenous toxicants
43.3 Amyloids and misfolded aggregates
43.4 Neurotoxicity associated to amyloids
43.5 Amyloids and neuronal death
43.6 Amyloidogenic proteins trigger neuroinflammation
43.7 Conclusions and future perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 44. Neurotoxicity induced by lipid metabolism–associated endogenous toxicants
Abstract
44.1 Introduction
44.2 Process of lipid peroxidation
44.3 Involvement of free radicals in lipid peroxidation
44.4 Lipid peroxidation products
44.5 Lipid peroxidation in neurodegenerative diseases
44.6 Oxysterols
44.7 Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Index-Volume1
VOLUME 2
List of contributors
Preface-volume2
Part IV: Neuroprotection mediated by natural molecules
Section IX: Plant-derived molecules
Chapter 45. Neuroprotection induced by agathisflavone
Abstract
45.1 Introduction
45.2 Plant sources of agathisflavone
45.3 In vitro neuroprotective studies
45.4 In vivo neuroprotective studies
45.5 Toxicological studies
45.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 46. Neuroprotection induced by plant alkaloids
Abstract
46.1 Introduction
46.2 Allocryptopine
46.3 Annotinine
46.4 Arecoline
46.5 Berberine
46.6 Caffeine
46.7 Capsaicin
46.8 Chelerythrine
46.9 Dehydroevodiamine
46.10 Erythravine and 11-α-hydroxyerythravine
46.11 Evodiamine
46.12 Galanthamine
46.13 Geissoschizoline
46.14 Harmine
46.15 Huperzine A
46.16 Indirubin
46.17 Indomethacin
46.18 Isorhynchophylline
46.19 Lobeline
46.20 Lycopodine
46.21 Montanine
46.22 Morphine
46.23 Nantenine
46.24 Nicergoline
46.25 Nicotine
46.26 Physostigmine
46.27 Piperine
46.28 Protopine
46.29 Rhynchophylline
46.30 Salsoline
46.31 Tetrahydropalmatine
46.32 Tetrandrine
46.33 Vinpocetine
References
Chapter 47. Overview of the effects of andrographolide on disorders of the central nervous system
Abstract
47.1 Introduction
47.2 Effects of ANDRO on disorders of the nervous system
47.3 Discussion
47.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 48. Anthocyanins
Abstract
48.1 Introduction
48.2 Chemistry and sources of anthocyanins
48.3 Biosynthesis of anthocyanins
48.4 Stability and extraction of anthocyanins
48.5 Bioavailability and bioabsorption of anthocyanins
48.6 Neuroprotective effect of anthocyanins
48.7 Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 49. Neuroprotection induced by apigenin
Abstract
49.1 Introduction
49.2 Aspects of glial response associated with neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration associated with diseases
49.3 Chemistry and neuroprotective effects of apigenin in brain disease models
49.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 50. Neuroprotection induced by ascorbic acid
Abstract
Abbreviations
50.1 Introduction
50.2 Ascorbic acid, ascorbate, and vitamin C
50.3 Ascorbic acid biochemistry, transport, and function
50.4 Ascorbic acid and the central nervous system
50.5 Ascorbic acid biochemistry, transport, and metabolism in the brain
50.6 Effects of ascorbic acid on the brain in health
50.7 The neuroprotective effects of ascorbic acid
50.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 51. Neuroprotection induced by baicalein and baicalin
Abstract
51.1 Neuroprotective effects of baicalein and baicalin
References
Chapter 52. Unveiling the neuroprotective benefits of biochanin-A
Abstract
52.1 Introduction
52.2 Impact of biochanin-A on oxidative stress and neurotransmitters
52.3 Role of biochanin-A in alleviating inflammation and apoptosis
52.4 Regulatory effects of biochanin-A on intracellular signaling pathways
52.5 Therapeutic effects of biochanin-A in neurological disorders
52.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 53. Neuroprotection induced by epigallocatechin-3-gallate
Abstract
53.1 Introduction
53.2 Neuroprotective activities of epigallocatechin-3-gallate
53.3 Neuroprotective effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate
53.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 54. Carnosic acid, mitochondria, and neuroprotection
Abstract
54.1 Introduction
54.2 Carnosic acid-promoted brain mitochondrial protection in vitro
54.3 Conclusion and future directions
References
Chapter 55. Neuroprotection induced by catechins in aging
Abstract
55.1 Catechins: what are they and where to find them?
55.2 Beneficial effects of catechins
55.3 Aging and brain dysfunction
55.4 Neuroprotective effects of catechins in brain aging
References
Chapter 56. Neuroprotection induced by chrysin
Abstract
56.1 Structure, sources, and pharmacological activities of chrysin
56.2 Neuroprotective effects of chrysin
56.3 Alzheimer’s disease, cognitive impairments, and memory deficits
56.4 Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury
56.5 Biopharmaceutical challenge
56.6 Alternatives for increasing chrysin oral bioavailability and biological application
56.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 57. Citrus flavonoids—Mechanisms of neuroprotection and preclinical evidence
Abstract
57.1 Introduction
57.2 Citrus flavonoids—cellular mechanisms of action
57.3 Preclinical evidence of neuroprotection by citrus flavonoids
57.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 58. Neuroprotection induced by coumarins in central nervous system disease models
Abstract
58.1 Introduction
58.2 Origin and chemistry of coumarins
58.3 Neuroprotective effects of coumarins in preclinical brain disease models
58.4 Effects of coumarins in neurogenesis and neural differentiation
58.5 Coumarin targets and signaling
58.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 59. Neuroprotection induced by curcumin
Abstract
59.1 Introduction
59.2 Curcumin as a therapeutic potential candidate against brain diseases
59.3 Neuroprotective effects of curcumin via gut microbiota (gut–brain axis)
59.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 60. Neuroprotection induced by dimethyl fumarate
Abstract
60.1 Introduction
60.2 Chemical structure and structure activity relationship of dimethyl fumarate
60.3 Pharmacokinetics of dimethyl fumarate
60.4 Pharmacodynamics of dimethyl fumarate
60.5 Mechanism of action of dimethyl fumarate
60.6 Therapeutic potential of dimethyl fumarate
60.7 Safety of dimethyl fumarate
60.8 Recent advances: new disease, new mechanism, and future perspectives
60.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 61. Neuroprotection induced by edible oils
Abstract
61.1 Introduction
61.2 Composition of edible oils
61.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 62. Neuroprotective role of garlic constituents against neurological disorders
Abstract
Abbreviations
62.1 Introduction
62.2 Neuroprotective effects of garlic and its constituents
62.3 Antiapoptotic effects of garlic
62.4 Neuroprotective effects of garlic and its constituents
62.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 63. Neuroprotection by ginger and its components in neurodegenerative diseases
Abstract
63.1 Introduction
63.2 Neurodegenerative diseases
63.3 Ginger and its phytochemical constituents in the management of neurodegenerative diseases
63.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 64. Green tea polyphenols for neuroprotection: effects against Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases
Abstract
64.1 Introduction
64.2 Alzheimer’s disease
64.3 Parkinson’s disease
64.4 Green tea
64.5 Mode of action
64.6 Future perspectives and conclusion
References
Chapter 65. Neuroprotection induced by honey compounds
Abstract
65.1 Introduction
65.2 Neuroprotective properties of phenolic acids present in honey
References
Chapter 66. Neuroprotective actions of hydroxytyrosol
Abstract
Abbreviations
66.1 Structural characteristics, metabolism, and toxicity of hydroxytyrosol
66.2 Antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties of hydroxytyrosol
66.3 Hydroxytyrosol effects on Alzheimer’s disease
66.4 Hydroxytyrosol effects on Parkinson’s disease
66.5 Hydroxytyrosol effects on other neurodegenerative processes
66.6 Neuroprotective effects of the maternal administration of hydroxytyrosol
66.7 Other beneficial actions of hydroxytyrosol on human health
66.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 67. Hydroxytyrosol: focus on the antineuroinflammatory action
Abstract
67.1 Introduction
67.2 Concept of neuroinflammation
67.3 Hydroxytyrosol and neuroinflammation
67.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 68. Neuroprotection induced by kaempferol
Abstract
68.1 Introduction
68.2 Bioavailability of kaempferol
68.3 Neuroprotection by kaempferol
68.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 69. Neuroprotection induced by lycopene
Abstract
69.1 Introduction
69.2 Physiochemical properties and biochemical disposition of lycopene
69.3 Mechanisms of lycopene-mediated neuroprotection
69.4 Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 70. Neuroprotection induced by terpenes: focus on Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease
Abstract
70.1 Introduction
70.2 Neuroprotection induced by terpenes
70.3 Conclusion and perspectives
References
Chapter 71. Neuroprotection induced by olive oil components
Abstract
71.1 Olive oil bioactive components and neuroprotection
71.2 Olive oil and neurodegenerative diseases
References
Chapter 72. Neuroprotection induced by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: focus on neuropsychiatric disorders
Abstract
72.1 Introduction
72.2 Conclusion
References
Chapter 73. Neuroprotective potential of dihydrochalcones: phloretin and phloridzin
Abstract
73.1 Introduction
73.2 Phloretin and phloridzin—natural polyphenols
73.3 Common mechanisms of neuroprotection
73.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 74. Neuroprotection induced by phytomelatonin
Abstract
74.1 Introduction
74.2 Sources, distribution, and amount of phytomelatonin in plants
74.3 Biosynthesis, metabolism, and role of phytomelatonin in plants and animals
74.4 Neurological conditions and phytomelatonin
74.5 Conclusion and prospects
References
Chapter 75. Neuroprotection induced by quercetin
Abstract
75.1 Chemical nature of quercetin
75.2 Pharmacokinetic profile of quercetin
75.3 Toxicity profile of quercetin
75.4 Mechanistic role of quercetin in various neurodegenerative diseases
75.5 Novel drug delivery system for quercetin
75.6 Conclusion and future aspects
References
Chapter 76. Neuroprotection induced by salvianolic acids
Abstract
76.1 Introduction
76.2 Overview of the chemistry of salvianolic acids
76.3 Direct effect of salvianolic acids on neuronal cells—in vitro studies
76.4 Neuroprotective effects of salvianolic acids in animal models
76.5 Mechanistic overview of neuroprotection by salvianolic acids
76.6 Conclusion
Conflicts of interest
References
Chapter 77. Neuroprotection induced by sulphoraphane in central nervous system disorders
Abstract
77.1 Introduction
77.2 Role of sulforaphane in stroke and related cerebrovascular complications
77.3 Role of sulforaphane in Alzheimer’s disease
77.4 Role of sulforaphane in traumatic brain injury
77.5 Role of sulforaphane in Parkinson’s disease
77.6 Role of sulforaphane in depression and anxiety
77.7 Role of sulforaphane in autism spectrum disorder
77.8 Role of sulforaphane in Huntington’s disease
77.9 Role of sulforaphane in epilepsy
77.10 Role of sulforaphane in multiple sclerosis
77.11 Role of sulforaphane in other brain conditions
77.12 Conclusion and future perspective
References
Chapter 78. Effects of tocopherols and tocotrienols on microglia-mediated neuroprotection
Abstract
78.1 Tocochromanols: structure and metabolism
78.2 Foods containing vitamin E
78.3 Vitamin E in neurodegenerative disorders: effects on microglia
78.4 Vitamin E and orexin system
78.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 79. Vanillin: a natural phenolic compound with neuroprotective benefits
Abstract
Abbreviations
79.1 Introduction
79.2 Vanillin
79.3 Neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration
79.4 Oxidative stress and neurodegeneration
79.5 Neuroprotective applications of vanillin
79.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Conflict of interest
References
Part V: Natural molecule-associated nanotechnology-related strategies utilized in neuroprotection
Chapter 80. Neuroprotection through nanotechnology
Abstract
80.1 Introduction
80.2 Nanotechnology and its interdisciplinary role in neurobiology
80.3 Nanotechnology in neuroscience
80.4 Major challenges due to the complex make-up of blood–brain barrier
80.5 Pharmacotherapy based on nanotechnology for neurodegenerative disorders
80.6 Nanotechnology applications in neurosciences
80.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 81. Natural antioxidant nanoparticles in neuroprotection
Abstract
81.1 Introduction
81.2 Neurological diseases: general aspects and treatment
81.3 Natural antioxidants and their neuroprotective effects
81.4 Main limitations of natural antioxidants as neuroprotective agents
81.5 Nanotechnology-based systems for drug delivery to central nervous system
81.6 Neuroprotective effects of antioxidant nanoparticles containing polyphenols
81.7 Conclusion and future perspectives
Acknowledgment
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 82. Nanomaterial-based approach in stroke
Abstract
82.1 Introduction
82.2 Pathophysiology of stroke
82.3 Nanotechnology in advanced stroke therapy
82.4 Transportation of nanomaterials through blood–brain barrier
82.5 Nanomaterial-based approaches in stroke
82.6 Stroke diagnosis using nanomaterials
82.7 Limitations of nanomaterial-based therapy and diagnostics
82.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Conflict of interest
Ethical approval
References
Chapter 83. Nanoparticles and treatment of depression
Abstract
83.1 Introduction
83.2 Current treatment of depression
83.3 Nanotechnology-based strategies for enhancement of natural molecules delivery to the brain in depression treatment
83.4 Nanoparticles employed as therapeutic delivery of antidepressants
83.5 Neurotoxicity of antidepressants
83.6 Recent advances in employing nanoparticles in depression
83.7 Conclusion and future perspectives
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 84. Antitumor effects of natural molecules in the brain: a nanotechnology-based approach
Abstract
84.1 Introduction
84.2 Blood–brain barrier—major obstacle for brain tumor
84.3 Current therapies for treatment of brain tumors
84.4 Avoidance, bypass, and disruption of the blood–brain barrier
84.5 Nanomedicines as carriers for blood–brain passage
84.6 Antitumor natural molecules
84.7 Delivery systems for different antitumor natural molecules
84.8 Conclusion
References
Index-Volume2

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