Nanostructures for Cancer Therapy

Chapter 1: Nanotechnology for personalized medicine: cancer research, diagnosis, and therapy

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Main Types of Cancer
• 3. Personalized Treatment of Cancer
• 4. Nanotreatment of Cancer
• 5. Nanodrugs and Nanocarriers
• 6. Conclusions
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 2: Bioengineered nanomaterials for chemotherapy

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Polymeric Nanoparticles
• 3. Carbon Nanotubes
• 4. Gold Nanoparticles
• 5. Supermagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
• 6. Fullerenes
• 7. Dendrimers
• 8. Quantum Dots
• 9. Conclusions
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 3: Biofunctionalized nanomaterials for targeting cancer cells

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Targeting Strategies for Cancer Cells
• 3. Combination of Nanostructures With Chemotherapeutic Agents
• 4. Conclusions
• Acknowledgment

Chapter 4: Improving chemotherapy drug delivery by nanoprecision tools

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Conventional Cancer Treatment
• 3. Nanoparticles for Chemotherapy Delivery System
• 4. Challenges Facing Nanomedicine in Oncology
• 5. Conclusions

Chapter 5: RIPL peptide as a novel cell-penetrating and homing peptide: design, characterization, and application to liposomal nanocarriers for hepsin-specific intracellular drug delivery

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Cell-Penetrating and Homing Peptide
• 3. RIPL Peptide for Hpn-Specificity
• 4. RIPL-Conjugated Liposomes
• 5. Cytotoxicities of RIPL and RIPL-Lipo
• 6. Summary
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 6: Progress of nanoparticles research in cancer therapy and diagnosis

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Nanoparticles as Efficient Drug-Delivery Systems
• 3. Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy
• 4. Conclusions
• Acknowledgement

Chapter 7: Interfacial engineering of nanoparticles for cancer therapeutics

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Characteristics of Drug Delivery Carriers
• 3. Different Types of Nanoparticle-Based Delivery Systems
• 4. Site-Specific Targeting of Nanoparticles
• 5. Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of Nanoparticles
• 6. Future Perspectives

Chapter 8: Nanotechnological approaches toward cancer chemotherapy

• Abstract
• 1. Nanotherapeutics
• 2. The Development of Nanotherapeutics
• 3. Nanostructures for Cancer Therapy
• 4. Methods for Fabrication of Nanoparticles
• 5. Mode of Entry of Nanoparticles in Cells
• 6. Controlled Drug Delivery Systems
• 7. Nanoparticles for Cancer Drug Delivery: Active versus Passive Targeting
• 8. Targeted Drug Delivery Systems
• 9. Pharmacokinetics of Nanotherapeutics
• 10. Toxicology of Nanoformulations
• 11. The Gap Between Laboratory Synthesis and Commercial Viability of Production of Nanoformulations
• 12. Conclusions

Chapter 9: Cancer therapies: applications, nanomedicines and nanotoxicology

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Applications of Chemotherapy
• 3. Nanomedicines for Cancer Therapy
• 4. Nanotoxicology
• 5. Conclusions
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 10: Multifunctional polymeric micelles as therapeutic nanostructures: targeting, imaging, and triggered release

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Encapsulation of Drug
• 3. Drug Delivery
• 4. Triggered Release
• 5. Appropriate Targeting
• 6. Imaging
• 7. Multifunctional Micelles
• 8. Conclusions

Chapter 11: Recent advances in diagnosis and therapy of skin cancers through nanotechnological approaches

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Epidemiology of Skin Cancers
• 3. Modern Diagnosis of Skin Cancers
• 4. Modern Treatment of Skin Cancers
• 5. Nanosystems in the Diagnosis of Skin Cancers
• 6. Nanosystems in the Therapy of Skin Cancers
• 7. Conclusions and Perspectives

Chapter 12: Design of nanoparticle structures for cancer immunotherapy

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Dendritic Cells
• 3. Targeting Dendritic Cells in Vaccine Development by Nanoparticles
• 4. Nanoparticle-Based Immunotherapy for Cancer
• 5. Immunological Properties of Engineered Nanoparticles
• 6. Conclusions

Chapter 13: Recent advances of folate-targeted anticancer therapies and diagnostics: current status and future prospectives

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Principles of Folate-Targeting Strategy
• 3. Folate-Targeted Anticancer Therapy
• 4. Folate-Targeted Systems as Diagnostic Tools in Cancer
• 5. Conclusions and Future Prospectives
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 14: Anticancer efficiency of curcumin-loaded invertible polymer micellar nanoassemblies

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Synthesis of Amphiphilic Invertible Polymers
• 3. Micellization, Self-Assembly, and Invertible Properties of AIPs
• 4. Self-Assembly of AIPs in Water: Potential for Stimuli-Responsive Drug Delivery
• 5. Invertible Polymer Micellar Nanoassemblies as a Unique Delivery System Targeted to Osteosarcoma Cells
• 6. Conclusions

Chapter 15: Dose enhancement effect in radiotherapy: adding gold nanoparticles to tumor in cancer treatment

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Application of Gold Nanoparticles in Radiotherapy
• 3. Dose Enhancement due to Gold Nanoparticle Addition
• 4. Gold Nanoparticle-Enhanced Radiotherapy
• 5. Conclusions
• Acknowledgment

Chapter 16: Silver-based nanostructures for cancer therapy

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Silver-Based Nanostructures for Tumor Diagnosis
• 3. Silver-Based Nanostructures for Tumor Targeted and Controlled Delivery Systems
• 4. Silver-Based Nanostructures for Tumor External-Activated Treatment
• 5. Conclusions
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 17: Ligand-decorated polysaccharide nanocarriers for targeting therapeutics to hepatocytes

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Different Ligand-Polysaccharide Nanocarriers
• 3. Conclusions

Chapter 18: Targeted delivery of anticancer drugs: new trends in lipid nanocarriers

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Drug Delivery Systems: Concepts and Characteristics of Lipid Nanocarriers
• 3. Strategies for Targeted Drug Delivery in Cancer
• 4. Conclusions
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 19: Nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia

• Abstract
• 1. Magnetic Hyperthermia in Cancer Therapy
• 2. Clinical Constraints
• 3. Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia
• 4. Mechanisms of Heat Dissipation
• 5. Nanoparticles Synthesis and Coating
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 20: Nanotechnology: a challenge in hard tissue engineering with emphasis on bone cancer therapy

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Representative Materials for Hard Tissue Engineering
• 3. Drug Delivery Systems Designed for Hard Tissue Engineering
• 4. Conclusions
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 21: Combination therapy of macromolecules and small molecules: approaches, advantages, and limitations

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Peptides and Proteins as Therapeutic Agents in Cancer
• 3. Proteins as Targeting Agents in Cancer
• 4. Nucleic Acid-Based Macromolecule Therapeutics
• 5. Conclusions

Chapter 22: Nanosized drug delivery systems as radiopharmaceuticals

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Future Perspectives

Chapter 23: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles: a promising multifunctional drug delivery system

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Types and Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
• 3. Surface Functionalization of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
• 4. Therapeutic Applications of MSNPs
• 5. Biological Performance of MSNPs
• 6. Characterization of MSNPs
• 7. Conclusion

Chapter 24: Cancer therapies based on enzymatic amino acid depletion

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Amino Acid Deprivation Enzymes
• 3. Conclusions
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 25: Self-emulsifying delivery systems: one step ahead in improving solubility of poorly soluble drugs

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Various Formulation Strategies to Enhance Solubility and Permeability
• 3. Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System
• 4. Lipid Formulations (Charman et  al.,  1992; Colin,  2000; Collin,  1997; Pouton,  2000; Pouton and Porter,  2008)
• 5. Type of Spontaneously Emulsifying System (SEDDS)
• 6. Structure of SEDDS
• 7. Theories and Thermodynamics of Microemulsion Formulation
• 8. Difference Between SMEDDs and SNEDDs
• 9. Factors to be Consider for the Development of SEDDS
• 10. Suitable Drug Candidate Identification for SEDDS (Gursoy and Benita, 2004)
• 11. Composition of SEDDS
• 12. Formation of SEDDS
• 13. Construction of Phase Diagram (Aungst et  al.,  1993; Colin,  2000; Collin,  1997; Patel et  al.,  2008; Sahji,  2010; Singh et  al.,  2009b)
• 14. Mechanism of Self-Emulsification
• 15. Factors Affecting Formation of Microemulsion (Adhvait,  2010; Bhupinder et  al.,  2013; Khan et  al.,  2012; Patil and Paradkar,  2004; Tatyana, 2000)
• 16. Absorption Mechanism for Self-Microemulsification (Colin,  2008; Gupta et  al.,  2013; Pouton and Porter,  2008; Tatyana,  2000)
• 17. Biopharmaceutical Issues in the Selection of SEDDS
• 18. Advantages
• 19. Disadvantages (Chavda et al., 2012; Chavda, 2013; Colin,  2008; Muzaffar et  al.,  2013)
• 20. Evaluation
• 21. Applications
• 22. Advancement in Self-Emulsifying Systems
• 23. Marketed Formulation of SMEDDS
• 24. Recent Patents on Advanced Self-Emulsifying Systems
• 25. Conclusions

Chapter 26: Near-infrared light-responsive nanotherapeutic agents: application in medical oncology

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Near-Infrared Light-Responsive Nanomolecule and Its Application in Medicine
• 3. Using Near-Infrared Light-Responsive Nanomolecule in Medical Oncology
• 4. Safety Consideration in Using Near-Infrared Light-Responsive Nanomolecule in Medical Oncology
• 5. Conclusions

Chapter 27: Current aspects of breast cancer therapy and diagnosis based on a nanocarrier approach

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Nanosystems Containing Anticancer Agents Used for Metastatic Breast Cancer: Current Clinical Practice and Trial Studies
• 3. Use of Selective Biomarkers for Breast Cancer Detection, Analysis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Intervention
• 4. Overcoming Breast Cancer Drug Resistance
• 5. Conclusions
• Acknowledgment

Chapter 28: Natural plant-derived anticancer drugs nanotherapeutics: a review on preclinical to clinical success

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Plants as Source of Anticancer Agents
• 3. Physicochemical and Biopharmaceutical Limitations of Plant-Derived Anticancer Drugs
• 4. Nanomedicines in Cancer
• 5. Preclinical or Clinical Status of Plant-Derived Natural Anticancer Nanomedicines
• 6. Conclusions

Chapter 29: Nanotherapy: a next generation hallmark for combating cancer

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Nanotechnology in Cancer and Treatment
• 3. Conclusions and Final Remarks
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 30: Nanostructures for cancer therapy: from targeting to selective toxicology

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Targeted Cancer Therapies
• 3. Nanoparticles Used in Cancer Therapy
• 4. Toxicological Aspects of Nanoscale Drug Delivery Systems
• 5. Conclusions
• Acknowledgments