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Nanostructured Lithium-ion Battery Materials
Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications
- 1st Edition - October 17, 2024
- Editors: Sabu Thomas, Oumarou Savadogo, Amadou Belal Gueye, Hanna J. Maria
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 3 3 8 - 1
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 3 3 9 - 8
Nanostructured Lithium-ion Battery Materials: Synthesis and Applications provides a detailed overview of nanostructured materials for application in Li-ion batteries, supportin… Read more
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Request a sales quoteNanostructured Lithium-ion Battery Materials: Synthesis and Applications provides a detailed overview of nanostructured materials for application in Li-ion batteries, supporting improvements in materials selection and battery performance. The book begins by presenting the fundamentals of Lithium-ion batteries, including electrochemistry and reaction mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of Li-ion batteries, and characterization methods. Subsequent sections provide in-depth coverage of a range of nanostructured materials as applied to cathodes, electrolytes, separators, and anodes. Finally, other key aspects are discussed, including industrial scale-up, safety, life cycle analysis, recycling, and future research trends.
This is a valuable resource for researchers, faculty, and advanced students across nanotechnology, materials science, battery technology, energy storage, chemistry, applied physics, chemical engineering, and electrical engineering. In an industrial setting, this book will be of interest to scientists, engineers, and R&D professionals working with advanced materials for Li-ion batteries and other energy storage applications.
- Introduces fundamental of Lithium-ion batteries, electrochemistry, and characterization methods
- Offers in-depth information on nanostructured cathode, electrolyte, separator, and anode materials
- Addresses lab to industry challenges, safety, lifecycle analysis, recycling, and future opportunities
Academia: Researchers, professors, and advanced students across nanotechnology, battery technology, materials science, energy storage, chemistry, applied physics, chemical engineering, and electrical engineering. Industry: Scientists, engineers, and R&D professionals with an interest in advanced materials for Li-ion batteries and other energy storage applications.
- Nanostructured Lithium-Ion Battery Materials
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Contributors
- Preface
- Part I: Introduction to lithium-ion battery systems
- Chapter 1 Introduction and history of lithium-ion batteries
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Acknowledgments
- 1.1 Introduction to energy storage technologies
- 1.1.1 Importance of energy storage
- 1.1.2 Basic principles of battery technology
- 1.2 Prelude to lithium-ion batteries
- 1.2.1 Early developments in battery technology
- 1.2.2 Pioneering research in the 1970s and 1980s
- 1.3 Fundamental components of lithium-ion batteries
- 1.3.1 Electrodes: Anode and cathode materials
- 1.3.2 Electrolytes and their role in the battery operation
- 1.3.3 Separator materials and their significance
- 1.4 Comparative analysis with other battery technologies
- 1.4.1 Contrasting Li-ion batteries with other types
- 1.4.2 Li-ion battery strengths and weaknesses to competing technologies
- 1.5 Contemporary developments in lithium-ion battery technology
- 1.6 Conclusion and future outlook
- References
- Chapter 2 Fundamental insights of electrochemistry and reaction mechanisms of lithium-ion batteries
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Electrochemistry of lithium-ion batteries
- 2.3 Essential components and its reaction mechanisms
- 2.3.1 Cathode
- 2.3.2 Anode
- 2.3.3 Electrolyte
- 2.3.4 Separators
- 2.4 Conclusion and future aspects
- References
- Chapter 3 Advantages and disadvantages of lithium-ion batteries
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Advantages of lithium-ion battery
- 3.2.1 High capacity
- 3.2.2 Open circuit voltage (OCV)
- 3.2.3 Lower diffusion barrier
- 3.2.4 Comparison of absorption energies
- 3.2.5 Low-volume expansion
- 3.3 Disadvantages of lithium-ion batteries
- 3.3.1 Protection/battery management system required
- 3.3.2 Aging
- 3.3.3 Developing technology
- 3.3.4 Cost
- 3.3.5 Temperature
- 3.3.6 Venting fire
- 3.3.7 Volume expansion
- 3.3.8 Dendrite formation
- 3.3.9 Undesirable chemical reaction
- 3.3.10 Thermal runway
- 3.3.11 Mechanical effect
- 3.3.12 Nanoactive materials for lithium-ion batteries
- 3.3.13 Low density
- 3.3.14 High surface reaction
- 3.3.15 Complicated synthesis route
- References
- Chapter 4 Characterization methods for lithium-ion batteries
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Acknowledgments
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.1.1 Historical development
- 4.1.2 Operational principles and battery components
- 4.2 Characterization techniques
- 4.2.1 Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy
- 4.2.2 X-ray diffraction
- 4.2.3 Contact angle
- 4.2.4 Electrolyte uptake
- 4.2.5 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- 4.2.6 Differential scanning calorimetry
- 4.2.7 Mechanical characterization
- 4.2.8 Electric conductivity
- 4.2.9 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
- 4.2.10 Cyclic voltammetry
- 4.2.11 Galvanostatic charge-discharge
- 4.3 Conclusions
- References
- Part II: Nanostructured cathode materials for Li-ion batteries
- Chapter 5 Hybrid nanomaterials of hollow carbon spheres as cathode materials
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.1.1 Advancements in LIBs as cathode materials
- 5.1.2 Motivation for nanostructured materials and HCS
- 5.2 Nanostructured materials for LIBs
- 5.2.1 Introduction to nanostructured materials
- 5.2.2 Benefits and challenges of nanostructured cathode materials
- 5.2.3 Overview of HCS
- 5.3 Synthesis and characterization of HCS
- 5.3.1 Preparation methods for HCS
- 5.3.2 Template-based synthesis
- 5.3.3 Chemical vapor deposition
- 5.3.4 Morphological and structural characterization techniques
- 5.4 HCS as cathode materials
- 5.4.1 Electrochemical performance of HCS
- 5.4.2 Advantages of HCS as cathode materials
- 5.4.3 Disadvantages of HCS as cathode materials
- 5.4.4 Cycling stability and rate capability
- 5.4.5 Lithium storage mechanism in HCS
- 5.5 Hybrid nanomaterials for enhanced performance
- 5.5.1 Introduction to hybrid nanomaterials
- 5.5.2 Hybridization strategies
- 5.5.3 Preparation and characterization of hybrid nanomaterials
- 5.5.4 Electrochemical performance of hybrid nanomaterials
- 5.6 Applications and future perspectives
- 5.6.1 Current and potential applications of HCS and hybrid nanomaterials
- 5.6.2 Challenges and future directions in nanostructured cathode materials
- 5.6.3 Outlook on emerging technologies and materials
- 5.7 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 6 Nanostructured conducting polymers as binder and active cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.1.1 Brief history of the use of CPs in energy storage
- 6.1.2 Where can CPs be used in lithium-ion batteries?
- 6.2 Type of conducting polymers
- 6.2.1 Extrinsic conductive polymers
- 6.2.2 Ion conducting polymers
- 6.2.3 Intrinsic conductive polymers
- 6.3 Synthesis methods of conductive polymers
- 6.3.1 Chemical method
- 6.3.2 Electrochemical method
- 6.4 Nanostructured conductive polymers cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries
- 6.4.1 Nanostructured conductive polymers as active cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries
- 6.4.2 Conductive polymers as binders in lithium-ion batteries cathode
- 6.5 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 7 Nanostructured metal oxides as cathode materials
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Acknowledgment
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Layered transition metal oxides
- 7.2.1 Lithium cobalt oxide
- 7.2.2 Layered nickel-rich LiNi1−x−yMnxCoyO2 (NMC)
- 7.2.3 Lithium-rich (x)Li2MnO3·(1−x)LiNi1−x−yMnxCoyO2 (LR-NMC) materials
- 7.3 High-voltage spinel materials
- 7.3.1 Lithium manganese spinel oxides (s-LMO)
- 7.3.2 Lithium manganese nickel spinel oxides (s-LMNO)
- 7.4 Outlook and future perspectives
- References
- Part III: Nanostructured electrolyte materials for Li-ion batteries
- Chapter 8 Aqueous electrolyte for Li-ion batteries
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.1.1 Overview of electrolytes
- 8.2 Aqueous electrolytes
- 8.2.1 Comparison aqueous with nonaqueous electrolytes
- 8.3 Aqueous electrolyte formulations
- 8.3.1 Salt selection and concentration
- 8.3.2 Electrolyte stability and compatibility
- 8.4 Safety considerations, flammability, and volatility
- 8.4.1 Thermal stability and thermal runaway
- 8.4.2 Environmental impact
- 8.5 Conductivity mechanisms in aqueous electrolytes
- 8.5.1 Enhancing conductivity for improved battery performance
- 8.6 Electrochemical properties
- 8.6.1 Electrode-electrolyte interface
- 8.6.2 Compatibility with different cathode and anode materials
- 8.7 Challenges and perspectives
- 8.7.1 Recent research and development
- 8.8 Future trends and market opportunities and research
- 8.9 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 9 Nonaqueous electrolyte for Li-ion batteries
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 9.1 Introduction to Li-ion battery electrolytes
- 9.2 Study on solvents and lithium salts in Li-ion battery
- 9.2.1 Electrolyte solvents
- 9.2.2 Electrolyte salts
- 9.3 Properties of nonaqueous electrolyte solutions
- 9.3.1 Ionic conductivity and transference number
- 9.3.2 Li-ion and solvent interactions in electrolyte solutions
- 9.4 Mechanism of SEI formation
- 9.4.1 SEI formation on lithium anode
- 9.4.2 SEI formation on carbonaceous anode
- 9.5 New electrolyte components
- 9.5.1 Role of electrolyte additives
- 9.5.2 Electrolytes for wide temperature operations
- 9.6 Other electrolyte types
- 9.6.1 Gel polymer electrolytes (GPE)
- 9.6.2 Ionic liquids (IL)
- 9.7 Conclusions and future directions
- References
- Chapter 10 Ionic liquid electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Pure ionic liquid-based electrolytes as electrolytes for LIBs
- 10.3 Ionic liquid-based electrolyte mixture
- 10.4 Cation/anion mixed ionic liquid-based electrolytes
- 10.5 Ionic liquid water hybrid electrolytes
- 10.6 (Quasi) solid-state ionic liquid-based electrolytes
- 10.7 Conclusions
- References
- Further reading
- Chapter 11 Hybrid electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 SPEs and their limitations
- 11.3 CPEs with inorganic fillers
- 11.3.1 Conduction mechanisms in CPEs
- 11.3.2 Effects of the inorganic filler properties on the CPEs
- 11.4 Design of CPEs with ILs
- 11.5 Outlook and conclusions
- References
- Part IV: Nanostructured separator materials for Li-ion batteries
- Chapter 12 Functionalized polyolefin separators
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 12.1 Introduction to lithium-ion battery and separator
- 12.2 Separator characteristics for lithium-ion batteries
- 12.2.1 Pore size and porosity
- 12.2.2 Electrolyte wettability
- 12.2.3 Permeability and tortuosity
- 12.2.4 Thickness
- 12.2.5 Ionic conductivity
- 12.2.6 Chemical stability
- 12.2.7 Thermal stability
- 12.2.8 Mechanical strength
- 12.2.9 Electrode interface
- 12.2.10 Dimensional stability
- 12.3 Characterizing separators: Nonimaging and imaging techniques
- 12.4 Fabrication of polyolefin separators
- 12.4.1 Dry process
- 12.4.2 Wet process
- 12.4.3 Phase inversion method
- 12.5 Types of polyolefin separators
- 12.5.1 Monolayer separators
- 12.5.2 Multilayer separators
- 12.5.3 Surface modification of polyolefin separators
- 12.6 Conclusion and future trends
- References
- Chapter 13 Nanostructured separators based on nonpolyolefin polymers
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Properties and need for nonpolyolefin separators
- 13.3 Preparatory methods for nonolefin separators
- 13.3.1 Dry-laid
- 13.3.2 Wet-laid
- 13.3.3 Melt-blown
- 13.3.4 Solution casting method
- 13.3.5 Electrospinning
- 13.4 Monopolymer nonolefin separators
- 13.5 Copolymer blend nonolefin separators
- 13.6 Nanostructure-polymer blend nonolefin separators
- 13.7 Natural mineral-based nanostructured-polymer nonolefin separators
- 13.8 Conclusion and outlook
- References
- Part V: Nanostructured anode materials for Li-ion batteries
- Chapter 14 CNT-metal oxide composites as cathode materials for Li-ion batteries
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 14.1 Introduction
- 14.2 Types of metal-ion battery systems
- 14.3 Types of metal-air battery systems
- 14.4 CNTs-metal oxide composites as cathode for metal-ion battery systems
- 14.5 Composite synthesis methods
- 14.5.1 Chemical vapor deposition
- 14.5.2 Sol-gel method
- 14.5.3 Electrodeposition
- 14.5.4 Spray pyrolysis
- 14.5.5 Physical mixing
- 14.6 Potential of CNTs-metal oxide composites as cathode for Li-ion batteries
- 14.6.1 LiCoO2/CNTs composites as cathode for Li-ion batteries
- 14.6.2 LiMn2O4/CNTs composites as cathode for Li-ion batteries
- 14.6.3 LiFePO4/CNTs composites as cathode for Li-ion batteries
- 14.6.4 MNC/CNTs composites as cathode for Li-ion batteries
- 14.6.5 NCA/CNTs composites as cathode for Li-ion batteries
- 14.6.6 FeFx/CNTs composites as cathode for Li-ion batteries
- 14.6.7 Organic cathodes for Li-ion batteries
- 14.7 CNTs-metal oxide composites for metal-air batteries
- 14.8 Challenges of cathode material for battery systems
- 14.9 Future perspectives of CNTs-metal oxide composites as cathode for metal-ion battery systems
- References
- Chapter 15 Carbonaceous nanostructured materials as anodes
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 Synthetic strategies for modification of conventional carbon anodes
- 15.3 Carbon derivatives and nanocomposites as LIB anode
- 15.4 Biochar-based carbon composites as LIB anodes
- 15.5 MOF-based carbonaceous LIB anodes
- 15.6 Conclusion and future scope
- References
- Chapter 16 Titanium-based oxides as anode material for lithium-ion batteries
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 16.1 Introduction
- 16.2 TiO2 (TD) anodes in LIBs
- 16.2.1 Nanostructured TiO2 (TD) anodes in LIBs
- 16.2.2 TiO2 (TD)-composite anodes
- 16.2.3 Silicon-TD composite anodes
- 16.2.4 Metal oxides/sulfides-TD composite anodes
- 16.3 Pristine and composite Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) anodes in LIBs
- 16.3.1 Nanostructured Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) anodes in LIBs
- 16.3.2 Doped Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) anodes in LIBs
- 16.4 Conclusions and future perspectives
- References
- Chapter 17 Metal alloy materials as anodes
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 17.1 Introduction
- 17.2 Silicon
- 17.3 Tin
- 17.4 Antimony
- 17.5 Germanium
- 17.6 Zinc
- 17.7 Intermetallic alloys
- 17.8 Conclusions and outlooks
- References
- Chapter 18 Nanostructured transition metal oxides as anodes
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 18.1 Introduction
- 18.2 Conventional anode material for lithium-ion batteries
- 18.3 Advantages and disadvantages of transition metal oxides for lithium-ion batteries
- 18.4 Nanostructured transition metal oxides
- 18.4.1 Manganese oxide
- 18.4.2 Iron oxide
- 18.4.3 Titanium oxide
- 18.4.4 Cobalt oxide
- 18.4.5 Niobium dioxide
- 18.4.6 Nickel oxide
- 18.4.7 Molybdenum oxides
- 18.4.8 Vanadium pentoxide
- 18.4.9 Binary metal oxides
- 18.5 Perspectives
- 18.6 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 19 MXene-based nanomaterials as anode materials
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Acknowledgement
- 19.1 Introduction
- 19.2 Synthesis and characterization of MXene
- 19.2.1 Synthesis methods for MXene
- 19.2.2 Characterization techniques for MXene
- 19.3 MXene as an emerging anode material for LIB
- 19.3.1 Pristine MXene: Role of MXene compositions
- 19.3.2 Chemical and structural modification of MXene
- 19.3.3 MXene-based nanocomposite in LIB anode
- 19.4 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 20 Lignocellulosic biomass generated activated carbon synthesis and its application as anode material for lithium-ion batteries
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 20.1 Introduction
- 20.2 Materials and methods
- 20.2.1 Materials and production of activated carbon
- 20.2.2 Characterization of bio-char and activated carbon from the flower
- 20.2.3 Fabrication of LIBs anodes
- 20.2.4 Electrochemical characterizations
- 20.3 Results and discussion
- 20.3.1 Analysis of biochars and activated carbons from flower
- 20.3.2 Electrochemical characterization
- 20.4 Conclusions
- References
- Part VI: Future outlook and challenges
- Chapter 21 Lithium-ion batteries: From lab to industry and safety
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 21.1 Introduction
- 21.2 LIB working principle and its functional components
- 21.2.1 Cathode materials
- 21.2.2 Anode materials
- 21.2.3 Electrolytes
- 21.2.4 Separators
- 21.2.5 Single-cell and battery pack
- 21.3 LIB safety issues
- 21.4 Cell design for LIB safety improvements
- 21.4.1 Cathodes
- 21.4.2 Separators
- 21.4.3 Anodes
- 21.4.4 Electrolytes
- 21.4.5 Other materials and strategies
- 21.5 Battery thermal management for LIB safety improvements
- 21.6 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 22 Life cycle analysis of lithium-ion batteries
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 22.1 Introduction
- 22.2 Main affecting factor analysis
- 22.2.1 Analysis of battery aging mechanism
- 22.2.2 Analysis of external condition factors
- 22.3 Methods for predicting the remaining useful life of lithium-ion batteries
- 22.3.1 Experience-based approach
- 22.3.2 Life prediction based on battery performance
- References
- Chapter 23 Lithium-ion batteries: Future market, challenges, and recycling
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 23.1 Introduction
- 23.2 Future market of LIBs
- 23.3 Challenges of LIBs
- 23.3.1 The technical challenge of lithium battery industrialization
- 23.3.2 The economic challenge of lithium battery industrialization
- 23.3.3 The institutional challenge of lithium battery industrialization
- 23.4 Recycling technologies of spent LIBs
- 23.4.1 Cascade utilization of LIBs
- 23.4.2 Pretreatment process
- 23.4.3 Pyrometallurgical recycling
- 23.4.4 Hydrometallurgical recycling
- 23.4.5 New techniques for spent LIB recycling
- 23.5 Conclusions
- References
- Index
- No. of pages: 700
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: October 17, 2024
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Paperback ISBN: 9780443133381
- eBook ISBN: 9780443133398
ST
Sabu Thomas
Prof. Sabu Thomas is a Professor of Polymer Science and Engineering and the Director of the School of Energy Materials at Mahatma Gandhi University, India. Additionally, he is the Chairman of the Trivandrum Engineering Science & Technology Research Park (TrEST Research Park) in Thiruvananthapuram, India. He is the founder director of the International and Inter-university Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology at Mahatma Gandhi University and the former Vice-Chancellor of the same institution.
Prof. Thomas is internationally recognized for his contributions to polymer science and engineering, with his research interests encompassing polymer nanocomposites, elastomers, polymer blends, interpenetrating polymer networks, polymer membranes, green composites, nanocomposites, nanomedicine, and green nanotechnology. His groundbreaking inventions in polymer nanocomposites, polymer blends, green bionanotechnology, and nano-biomedical sciences have significantly advanced the development of new materials for the automotive, space, housing, and biomedical fields. Dr. Thomas has been conferred with Honoris Causa (DSc) by the University of South Brittany, France.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor and Director, International and Interuniversity Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, IndiaOS
Oumarou Savadogo
Prof. Oumarou Savadogo is Full Professor and UNESCO Chair on Sustainable Engineering and Applied Solar Technologies, at Polytechnique Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
With a background in materials science, he was also previously a process engineer at Rhône-Siltec (production of silicon for photovoltaic solar cells) and a postdoctoral fellow at CNRS-Bellevue, both in France. At Polytechnique Montréal, he is Founding Director of the Laboratory of New Materials for Energy and Electrochemistry, and is responsible for the graduate programs on Renewable Energy in Energy Engineering and Energy and Sustainable Development in Chemical Engineering. Prof. Savadogo’s research interests include the development of new materials for solar energy, fuel cells, batteries, electrochemical capacitors, electrochemistry, metallurgical processes, corrosion, and microbial cells. He is author or co-author of more than 200 scientific publications in refereed scientific journals, Founding Editor of the Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems, and a member of the advisory/editorial boards of the Journal of Enzyme Engineering, the Journal of Materials, Membranes, and Discover Energy. He is also member of the Broad of Directors and Advisory Board of the International Hydrogen Energy Association.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor and UNESCO Chair on Sustainable Engineering and Applied Solar Technologies, at Polytechnique Montréal, Quebec, CanadaAG
Amadou Belal Gueye
Amadou Belal Gueye is a Research Scholar at the School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India. He received his bachelor’s degree in physics-chemistry and his master’s degree in physical chemistry applied to energy and analysis, from Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal. He works in the field of lithium/sulfur batteries.
Affiliations and expertise
Research Scholar, School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, IndiaHM
Hanna J. Maria
Hanna J. Maria is a Senior Researcher at the School of Energy Materials and the International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, India. Her research focusses on natural rubber composites and their blends, thermoplastic composites, lignin, nanocellulose, bionanocomposites, nanocellulose, rubber-based composites and nanocomposites.
Affiliations and expertise
Senior Researcher, Mahatma Gandhi University, IndiaRead Nanostructured Lithium-ion Battery Materials on ScienceDirect