Nanomaterials for Photodynamic Therapy

1st Edition - January 14, 2023
Editor: Prashant Kesharwani
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 5 5 9 5 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 3 5 4 - 7

Nanomaterials for Photodynamic Therapy takes a unique approach to this area, with a key focus on the use of nanomaterials and nanocarriers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The bo… Read more

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Nanomaterials for Photodynamic Therapy takes a unique approach to this area, with a key focus on the use of nanomaterials and nanocarriers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The book introduces the history and mechanism of action behind PDT, covering the variety of sensitizers currently available. Subsequent chapters review existing and emerging nanomaterials for PDT, including hydrogel nanocomposites, fullerenes, quantum dots, polymeric micelles, and more. Challenges and translational aspects of PDT are also discussed, touching on the issues and hindrances of drug resistant cancers.

The book bridges the gap between the physics and clinical aspects of PDT, offering a unique nanomaterials-focused perspective. This book will prove useful for materials scientists, biomedical engineers, electrical and optical engineers, and pharmaceutical scientists interested in cancer treatment.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
List of contributors
About the editor
Preface
Acknowledgments
1. A narrative history of photodynamic therapy
Abstract
1.1 Light
1.2 On history
1.3 Definition of light treatment
1.4 Phototherapy
1.5 Photochemotherapy
1.6 Photodynamic therapy: basic concepts of discovery
1.7 Photodynamic reaction: scientific history of photodynamic therapy
1.8 Photosensitizers
1.9 Illumination and delivery of light
1.10 Dosimetry
1.11 Clinical history of modern photodynamic therapy
1.12 Photodynamic therapy in Great Britain
1.13 Skin
1.14 GENITO-URINARY
1.15 Esophageal
1.16 Lung
1.17 Ear, Nose, and Throat/CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
1.18 Ophthalmology
1.19 Antimicrobial
1.20 Nanotechnology and Photodynamic Therapy
References
2. Mechanisms of photodynamic therapy
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Mechanisms of photodynamic therapy
2.3 Applications of photodynamic therapies in different diseases
2.4 Conclusion
References
3. Mechanisms of photodynamic therapy for cancer treatment
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Advantages and limitations of photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment
3.3 Photodynamic therapy components
3.4 Mechanism of reactive oxygen species generation by photodynamic action
3.5 Molecular damage induced by photodynamic therapy-derived reactive oxygen species
3.6 Cancer cell death induced by photodynamic therapy
3.7 Indirect effects of photodynamic therapy for tumor eradication
3.8 Use of photodynamic therapy for overcoming drug resistance in cancer
3.9 Summary points
Acknowledgments
References
4. Sensitizers in photodynamic therapy
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Classifications of photosensitizers
4.3 Targeted photosensitizers for effective photodynamic therapy
4.4 Concluding remarks and future perspectives
Disclosures
References
5. Polymeric micelles–mediated photodynamic therapy
Abstract
Abbreviation and acronym
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Nanoparticles in photodynamic therapy
5.3 Polymeric micelles
5.4 Polymeric micelles in anticancer photodynamic therapy
5.5 Conclusive summary
References
6. Liposomes in photodynamic therapy
Abstract
6.1 Photodynamic therapy
6.2 Liposomes
6.3 Liposomes in photodynamic therapy approach
6.4 Future perspectives of photodynamic therapy
References
7. Organic nanoparticles in photodynamic therapy
Abstract
7.1 Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy—a brief introduction
7.2 Nanoparticle–microbe interaction: mechanisms of action
7.3 Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using organic nanoparticles
7.4 Nanoparticles as drug carriers in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
7.5 Biosafety and toxicity considerations of nanoparticles-based antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
7.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
8. Lipid-based nanoparticles in photodynamic therapy
Abstract
List of abbreviations
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Lipid-based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems
8.3 Lipid nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy
8.4 Visudyne (Verteporfin for injection): a case of success
8.5 Functionalized liposomes as a smart strategy for third generation photodynamic therapy development
8.6 Conclusions and remarks for future perspectives
Dedication
References
9. Solid lipid nanoparticles in photodynamic therapy
Abstract
9.1 History and advances of photodynamic therapy
9.2 Advances in the development of nanoparticles as therapeutic agents for anticancer drug delivery
9.3 Solid lipid nanoparticles for drug delivery systems
9.4 Designing solid lipid nanoparticles: current status and future perspectives
9.5 Solid lipid nanoparticles applications and future perspectives
9.6 Conclusion
References
10. Actively targeted nanoparticles in photodynamic therapy
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Utility of nanomaterials in photodynamic therapy
10.3 Targeting mechanism involved in photodynamic therapy
10.4 Conclusion
References
11. Dendrimers in photodynamic therapy
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Application of dendrimers in drug delivery and targeting
11.3 Approaches of dendrimers for photodynamic therapy
11.4 Different dendrimers involved in photodynamic therapy
11.5 Design and development of dendrimers for photodynamic therapy
11.6 Dendrimer strategies for cancer and other diseases
11.7 Conclusion and future perspective
Acknowledgments
References
12. Carbon nanomaterials for photothermal therapy
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Carbon dots
12.3 Carbon nanoparticles
12.4 Carbon nanotubes
12.5 Graphene
12.6 Other carbonaceous nanomaterials used for photothermal therapy
12.7 Challenges
12.8 Conclusion
References
13. Fullerenes and fullerene–dye structures in photodynamic therapy
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Structure, physical, and chemical properties of fullerenes
13.3 Fullerene–dye structures—the theoretical background
13.4 Fullerene–dye—types of chemical structures
13.5 Summary: key points for the design of fullerene-based photosensitizers for PDT
13.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
14. Quantum dots in photodynamic therapy
Abstract
Abbreviations
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Synthesis of quantum dots
14.3 Photophysical and photochemical properties of quantum dots
14.4 Biological applications
14.5 Conclusion
References
15. Photodynamic therapy in cosmetics
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Cosmetic applicability of photodynamic therapy
15.3 Conclusion
References
16. Translational aspects of photodynamic therapy in drug-resistant cancer
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Basic concepts and elements of photodynamic therapy
16.3 Drug resistance in cancer
16.4 Preclinical assessment of photodynamic therapy and evaluation in drug-resistant cancer models
16.5 Clinical use of photodynamic therapy
16.6 Innovative and combinatorial approaches in photodynamic therapy
References
17. Toward photodynamic cancer chemotherapy with C60-Doxorubicin nanocomplexes
Abstract
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Photodynamic therapy with C60
17.3 Drug delivery with C60
17.4 Photodynamic chemotherapy with C60
17.5 Outlook
References
18. Challenges, conclusions, and future aspects of photodynamic therapy
Abstract
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Challenges, conclusions, and future perspectives of photodynamic therapy
References
Index

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Prashant Kesharwani