Myopathies and Tendinopathies of the Diabetic Foot
Anatomy, Pathomechanics, and Imaging
- 1st Edition - September 10, 2024
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Author: Claude Pierre-Jerome
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 3 3 9 7 7 - 6
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 3 2 9 - 9
Myopathies and Tendinopathies of the Diabetic Foot: Anatomy, Pathomechanics, and Imaging is a unique reference of valuable instructive data that reinforces the understanding of myo… Read more
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Request a sales quoteMyopathies and Tendinopathies of the Diabetic Foot: Anatomy, Pathomechanics, and Imaging is a unique reference of valuable instructive data that reinforces the understanding of myopathies and tendinopathies related to diabetes-induced Charcot foot. Diabetic myopathies usually precede other complications (i.e., deformity, ulceration, infection) seen in the diabetic foot. Oftentimes, these myopathies may be isolated especially during their initial stage. In the absence of clinical information relevant to diabetes, the solitaire occurrence of myopathies may lead to confusion, misinterpretation, and misdiagnosis. The misdiagnosis can cause delay of management and consequent high morbidity. This book emphasizes the complications of diabetic myopathies and tendinopathies and all their aspects, including pathophysiology, pathomechanics, imaging protocols, radiological manifestations, histological characteristics, and surgical management.
Diabetes type II and its complications (diabetic myopathies and tendinopathies) have reached a dreadful high incidence worldwide. Likewise, the need for better understanding of these complications becomes indispensable. In this book, the readers of all genres will find all they need to know about these conditions. This book serves as a classic academic reference for educators, healthcare specialists, healthcare givers, and healthcare students.
Diabetes type II and its complications (diabetic myopathies and tendinopathies) have reached a dreadful high incidence worldwide. Likewise, the need for better understanding of these complications becomes indispensable. In this book, the readers of all genres will find all they need to know about these conditions. This book serves as a classic academic reference for educators, healthcare specialists, healthcare givers, and healthcare students.
- Presents dedicated chapters on tendons and myotendinous junction which are anatomical components frequently ignored in the study of muscles
- Includes descriptions of diabetic foot myopathies featured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Provides illustrations of myopathies and tendinopathies with state-of-the-art MRI images and MR imaging protocols for myopathies
- Covers anatomical and biomechanic descriptions of all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles
Researchers in Diabetes, Researchers in Musculoskeletal disorders, Researchers in Radiologists, Foot Surgeons, Podiatrists, Diabetologists, Radiologists in-training (residents, fellows), Registered Nurses (specialists in foot care), Physical Therapists, Physical Assistants (specialists in foot care), Health Care Providers (General Practitioners, Family Physicians), Radiology, Nurse Practitioners, Medical Assistants, Chiropractors
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- List of contributors
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- Chapter 1. The intrinsic foot muscles: descriptive anatomy
- Abstract
- Teaching points
- 1.1 The intrinsic plantar foot muscles
- References
- Chapter 2. Biomechanics of the intrinsic muscles
- Abstract
- Teaching points
- 2.1 Biomechanics of the intrinsic muscles of the foot
- 2.2 Role of the intrinsic muscles: foot arches, standing, gait, and running
- 2.3 Importance of intrinsic muscles and foot health in diabetes
- 2.4 Clinical and biomechanical relevance of the intrinsic muscles
- References
- Chapter 3. Anatomy of the extrinsic muscles
- Abstract
- Teaching points
- 3.1 The extrinsic muscles
- References
- Chapter 4. Biomechanics of the extrinsic muscles
- Abstract
- Teaching points
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Biomechanics of the muscles of the anterior compartment
- 4.3 Extensor hallucis longus muscle
- 4.4 Extensor digitorum longus muscle
- 4.5 Peroneus tertius muscle
- 4.6 The lateral compartment
- 4.7 The posterior compartment
- 4.8 Biomechanics of the soleus muscle
- 4.9 Biomechanics of the plantaris muscle
- 4.10 The deep muscles of the posterior compartment
- 4.11 Biomechanics of the tibialis posterior muscle
- 4.12 Biomechanics of the flexor hallucis longus muscle
- 4.13 Biomechanics of the flexor digitorum longus muscle
- 4.14 Innervation and blood supply to the flexor digitorum longus muscle
- References
- Chapter 5. The skeletal muscle: composition and biomechanics
- Abstract
- Teaching points
- 5.1 Introduction
- References
- Chapter 6. The concept of diabetic myopathy
- Abstract
- Teaching points
- 6.1 Introduction
- References
- Chapter 7. Epidemiology and socio-economic impact of type 2 diabetes
- Abstract
- Teaching points
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Diabetes mellitus type 2: epidemiology and prevalence worldwide
- 7.3 Diabetes mellitus type 2: effect of rapid economic development and modernization
- 7.4 Prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 in some countries
- 7.5 Prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 in the United States of America
- 7.6 Prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus type 2
- 7.7 Prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 in Australia
- 7.8 Common risk factors for diabetes mellitus type 2 complications
- 7.9 General costs of diabetes mellitus type 2 in the United States
- 7.10 Diabetes-induced Charcot neuroarthropathy
- 7.11 Demographics
- 7.12 Risk factors for Charcot neuroarthropathy
- 7.13 Foot ulcerations in charcot neuroarthropathy
- 7.14 Infection
- 7.15 Cost of foot ulceration
- 7.16 Foot amputation in charcot neuroarthropathy
- 7.17 Cost of foot amputation
- 7.18 Depression, anxiety, dementia, and sexual dysfunction in Charcot neuroarthropathy
- 7.19 Life expectancy and mortality in Charcot neuroarthropathy
- 7.20 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 8. Pathophysiology of type II diabetes mellitus
- Abstract
- Teaching points
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Physiological production and functions of insulin
- 8.3 Contributing factors in the development of diabetes mellitus
- 8.4 Mechanisms of insulin resistance
- 8.5 Impairment of insulin secretion
- 8.6 The metabolic syndrome
- References
- Chapter 9. Muscle edema, pathophysiology and MRI
- Abstract
- Teaching points
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Edema formation: pathophysiology
- 9.3 Formation of myxedema
- 9.4 Formation of lymphedema
- 9.5 Muscle edema in diabetic neuroarthropathy
- 9.6 Clinical relevance of muscle edema
- 9.7 Diabetic muscle infarction
- 9.8 Diabetes-induced muscle denervation
- 9.9 Diabetes and pyomyositis
- 9.10 Necrotizing fasciitis
- 9.11 Compartment syndrome
- 9.12 Radiation exposure
- 9.13 Multifocal muscle edema pattern
- 9.14 Diffuse muscle edema pattern
- 9.15 Medication-induced myopathy
- 9.16 SARS-CoV-2 infection and muscle involvement
- References
- Chapter 10. Skeletal muscle atrophy
- Abstract
- Teaching points
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Infrastructure and properties of the skeletal muscle
- 10.3 The sarcomere: definition, and composition
- 10.4 The myofilaments: composition
- 10.5 Motor neuron signals and sliding filament model of skeletal muscle contraction
- 10.6 Metabolism of the skeletal muscle: contraction
- 10.7 Effects of exercise on adaptability of skeletal muscle
- 10.8 Signaling in skeletal muscle and exercise-induced adaptation
- 10.9 Effect of exercise on skeletal muscle mass
- 10.10 The concept of autophagy
- 10.11 Defective autophagy and muscular dystrophy syndromes
- 10.12 Skeletal muscle atrophy: definition and characteristics
- 10.13 Skeletal muscle atrophy and protein degradation
- 10.14 Muscle atrophy and proteasome induction/activation
- 10.15 Apoptosis and muscle atrophy
- 10.16 Conditions associated with skeletal muscle atrophy
- 10.17 Concepts of dynapenia and sarcopenia
- 10.18 Skeletal muscle activation and muscle contraction
- 10.19 Neurophysiologic mechanisms of dynapenia
- 10.20 Hyperglycemia and effects on skeletal muscle
- 10.21 Prevention of skeletal muscle atrophy: role of exercises
- 10.22 Imaging of skeletal muscle atrophy
- References
- Chapter 11. Skeletal muscle infection in the diabetic foot
- Abstract
- Teaching points
- 11.1 Introduction
- References
- Chapter 12. Skeletal muscle infarction in the diabetic foot
- Abstract
- Teaching points
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Intrinsic muscles of the ankle-foot unit
- 12.3 Extrinsic muscles of the ankle-foot unit
- 12.4 Blood supply to the ankle-foot unit
- 12.5 Pathophysiology of diabetic muscle infarction
- 12.6 Imaging of muscle infarct
- References
- Chapter 13. Skeletal muscle denervation in the diabetic foot
- Abstract
- Teaching points
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Skeletal muscles of the ankle-foot unit: anatomy and innervation
- 13.3 Intrinsic dorsal foot muscles and innervation
- 13.4 Intrinsic plantar foot muscles and innervation
- 13.5 Pathophysiology of skeletal muscle denervation
- 13.6 Clinical diagnosis of skeletal muscle denervation
- 13.7 Imaging of skeletal muscle denervation
- 13.8 Clinical and radiological relevance of muscle denervation
- References
- Chapter 14. The myotendinous junction
- Abstract
- Teaching points
- 14.1 Definition
- References
- Chapter 15. Tendons of the ankle-foot unit: anatomy and biomechanics
- Abstract
- Teaching points
- 15.1 Introduction
- References
- Chapter 16. Tendinopathies in the diabetic foot
- Abstract
- Teaching points
- 16.1 Introduction
- 16.2 Anatomical analysis and clinical relevance of tendons of the ankle-foot unit
- 16.3 Tendons of the anterior compartment
- 16.4 Tendons of the lateral compartment
- 16.5 Tendons of the posterior compartment
- 16.6 Tendons of the posterior compartment (superficial layer)
- 16.7 Effects of diabetes on tendon’s structure and functions
- 16.8 Hyperglycemia and advanced glycation end-products: effects on tendon cell behavior
- 16.9 Pathophysiology of tendinopathy in diabetes and charcot neuroarthropathy
- 16.10 Direct effect of hyperglycemia and ischemia on tendons
- 16.11 Clinical relevance of tendinopathy in diabetes
- 16.12 Diabetes and impaired tendon homeostasis
- 16.13 Diabetes, obesity, and tendinopathy
- 16.14 Clinical characteristics of tendinitis and tendinosis
- 16.15 Tenosynovitis: definition
- 16.16 Mechanism of tendon healing in diabetes
- References
- Chapter 17. Achilles tendinopathies in the diabetic foot
- Abstract
- Teaching points
- 17.1 Introduction
- References
- Chapter 18. Imaging of the diabetic foot
- Abstract
- Teaching points
- 18.1 Introduction
- 18.2 Conventional radiography
- 18.3 Ultrasonography: role in Charcot neuroarthropathy
- 18.4 Computed tomography: indications in Charcot neuroarthropathy
- 18.5 Nuclear medicine: indications in Charcot neuroarthropathy
- 18.6 Magnetic resonance imaging: indications in Charcot neuroarthropathy
- 18.7 Magnetic resonance imaging: imaging protocol and indications
- References
- Chapter 19. Emerging imaging modalities for assessment of the diabetic foot
- Abstract
- Teaching points
- 19.1 Introduction
- References
- Chapter 20. Surgical approach and follow-up of the complicated diabetic foot: general considerations
- Abstract
- Teaching points
- 20.1 Physical examination of the Charcot neuroarthropathic foot (diabetic foot)
- 20.2 The foot examination
- 20.3 Current conservative management of Charcot neuropathic foot, diabetic foot infections and preventative measures for skin ulcerations
- 20.4 Diabetic foot infections
- 20.5 Classification of diabetic foot infections
- 20.6 Glycemic control
- 20.7 Antimicrobial therapy and preservative surgery
- 20.8 Preventative measures for skin ulcerations
- 20.9 Risk factors for diabetic foot ulcers
- 20.10 Other microvascular complications
- 20.11 Other risks
- 20.12 History
- 20.13 Examination
- 20.14 Monofilament test is performed
- 20.15 Vibration sense tested
- 20.16 Indications and criteria for surgery and amputation
- 20.17 Surgical management of the infected diabetic foot: surgical techniques and prognosis
- 20.18 Forefoot infections
- 20.19 Equinus and forefoot infections
- 20.20 The techniques used for Achilles tendon lengthening include
- 20.21 Gastrocnemius release allows a more controlled lengthening and techniques include
- 20.22 Midfoot and hindfoot Infections
- 20.23 Surgical management of the deformed Charcot foot: post-surgical recovery and rehabilitation
- 20.24 Midfoot arthrodesis
- 20.25 Postoperative management
- 20.26 Future nonoperative developments and surgical techniques
- 20.27 Imaging techniques
- 20.28 Diabetic foot ulcers: new debridement methods and wound healing strategies
- 20.29 Minimally invasive surgical technique
- References
- Chapter 21. The plantar aponeurosis: anatomy, biomechanics and pathologies in the diabetic foot
- Abstract
- Teaching points
- 21.1 Introduction
- 21.2 The plantar aponeurosis: anatomical considerations
- 21.3 Imaging of the plantar aponeurosis: modalities
- 21.4 Pathomechanics of the plantar aponeurosis
- 21.5 Pathologies of plantar aponeurosis in relation to diabetes and Charcot neuroarthropathy
- 21.6 Plantar fibromatosis
- References
- Chapter 22. The peripheral nervous system: peripheral neuropathies in the diabetic foot
- Abstract
- Teaching points
- 22.1 Introduction
- 22.2 Conclusion
- References
- Index
- Edition: 1
- Published: September 10, 2024
- Imprint: Academic Press
- No. of pages: 350
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN: 9780443339776
- eBook ISBN: 9780443133299
CP
Claude Pierre-Jerome
Dr. Pierre-Jerome has over 40 years of experience in Radiology and research including diabetes, skeletal muscle and bone marrow. Author of several publications in International Journals. Co-author of five books in Radiology. Reviewer for US and European Journals. Author of two novels. He’s a member of several Medical Associations and fluent in English, French, Spanish and Norwegian. He was the visiting Associate Professor in University of Rochester, New York and worked as Faculty and Director of International Exchange Program for the Musculoskeletal Division at Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA, USA. Presently he is working at the Akershus University Hospital in Oslo, Norway.
Affiliations and expertise
Associate Research Professor, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayRead Myopathies and Tendinopathies of the Diabetic Foot on ScienceDirect