Multiscale Biomechanical Modeling of the Brain

1st Edition - October 27, 2021
Imprint: Academic Press
Editors: Mark F. Horstemeyer, Raj K. Prabhu
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 8 1 4 4 - 7
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 8 1 4 5 - 4

Multiscale Biomechanical Modeling of the Brain discusses the constitutive modeling of the brain at various length scales (nanoscale, microscale, mesoscale, macroscale and struct… Read more

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Multiscale Biomechanical Modeling of the Brain discusses the constitutive modeling of the brain at various length scales (nanoscale, microscale, mesoscale, macroscale and structural scale). In each scale, the book describes the state-of-the- experimental and computational tools used to quantify critical deformational information at each length scale. Then, at the structural scale, several user-based constitutive material models are presented, along with real-world boundary value problems. Lastly, design and optimization concepts are presented for use in occupant-centric design frameworks. This book is useful for both academia and industry applications that cover basic science aspects or applied research in head and brain protection.

The multiscale approach to this topic is unique, and not found in other books. It includes meticulously selected materials that aim to connect the mechanistic analysis of the brain tissue at size scales ranging from subcellular to organ levels.

Cover Image
Title Page
Copyright
Table of Contents
Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1 The multiscale nature of the brain and traumatic brain injury
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The brain’s multiscale structure
1.3 The multiscale nature of TBI
1.4 Summary
References
Chapter 2 Introduction to multiscale modeling of the human brain
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Constitutive modeling of the brain
2.3 Brain tissue experiments used for constitutive modeling calibration
2.4 Modeling summary of upcoming chapters in the book
2.5 Summary
References
Chapter 3 Density functional theory and bridging to classical interatomic force fields
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Density functional theory
3.3 Downscaling requirements of classical force field atomistic models
3.4 Sample atomistic force fields formalism and development of an interatomic potential for hydrocarbons
3.5 Summary
References
Chapter 4 Modeling nanoscale cellular structures using molecular dynamics
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Methods
4.3 Results and discussion for the phospholipid bilayer (neuron membrane)
4.4 Summary
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 5 Microscale mechanical modeling of brain neuron(s) and axon(s)
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Modeling microscale neurons
5.3 Summary and future
References
Chapter 6 Mesoscale finite element modeling of brain structural heterogeneities and geometrical complexities
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Methods
6.3 Results and discussion
6.4 Summary
References
Chapter 7 Modeling mesoscale anatomical structures in macroscale brain finite element models
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Macroscale brain finite element model
7.3 Mesoscale anatomical structures and imaging techniques
7.4 The importance of structural anisotropy in macroscale models of TBI
7.5 Material-based method
7.6 Structure-based method
7.7 Summary and future perspectives
References
Chapter 8 A macroscale mechano-physiological internal state variable (MPISV) model for neuronal membrane damage with subscale microstructural effects
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Membrane disruption
8.3 Development of damage evolution equation
8.4 Garnering data from molecular dynamics simulations
8.5 Calibration of the mechano-physiological internal state variable damage rate equations
8.6 Sensitivity analysis of damage model at this length scale
8.7 Comparison of model with cell culture studies
8.8 Discussion
8.9 Summary
References
Chapter 9 MRE-based modeling of head trauma
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Model formulation
9.3 Results and discussion
9.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10 Robust concept exploration of driver’s side vehicular impacts for human-centric crashworthiness
Abstract
10.1 Frame of reference
10.2 Problem definition
10.3 Adapted CEF for robust concept exploration
10.4 Head and neck injury criteria-based robust design of vehicular impacts
10.5 Future: correlate human brain injury to vehicular damage
10.6 Summary
References
Chapter 11 Development of a coupled physical–computational methodology for the investigation of infant head injury
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Methods
11.3 Results and discussion
11.4 Summary
References
Chapter 12 Experimental data for validating the structural response of computational brain models
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Methods
12.3 Challenges and limitations
12.4 Summary and future perspectives
References
Chapter 13 A review of fluid flow in and around the brain, modeling, and abnormalities
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Flow anatomy
13.3 Characteristic numbers
13.4 Common brain flow abnormalities
13.5 Boundary conditions for models
13.6 Brain measurement and imaging
13.7 Flow modeling
13.8 Literature gap
References
Chapter 14 Resonant frequencies of a human brain, skull, and head
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Problem set-up for the finite element simulations
14.3 Results
14.4 Discussion
14.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 15 State-of-the-art of multiscale modeling of mechanical impacts to the human brain
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Work to be completed
15.3 Conclusions
References
Index

Mark F. Horstemeyer

CAVS Chair Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mississippi State University Dr. Horstemeyer has published over 350 journal articles, conference papers, books, and technical reports. He has won many awards including the R&D 100 Award, AFS Best Paper Award, Sandia Award for Excellence, the SAE Teetor Award and was a consultant for the Columbia Accident Investigation Board. He is a fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the American Society of Metals, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the Society of Automotive Engineers. Before coming to MSU, he worked at Sandia National Laboratories for 15 years where he worked on a myriad of projects mostly focusing on weapons programs but transferred the research and technologies developed at Sandia to the automotive industry.

Affiliations and expertise

CAVS Chair Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mississippi State University, USA

Raj K. Prabhu

Dr. Raj K. Prabhu is the Deputy Project Scientist, NASA Human Research Program’s (HRP’s) Cross-Cutting Computational Modeling Project (CCMP) at Universities Space Research Association. In his current position, Dr. Prabhu supports CCMP’s computational modeling efforts to investigate human physiological responses to space stressors and provide modeling and simulation-based support to mitigate HRP-related risks. Before the CCMP role, Dr. Raj Prabhu jointly served as an Associate Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Associate Director at the Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University (MSU), Starkville, MS. Dr. Prabhu obtained his doctoral and master’s degrees in mechanical engineering and computational engineering respectively. He completed his bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, India. Dr. Prabhu’s research background is in multiscale modeling, integrated computational biomedical modeling, dynamic responses of soft tissue, bio-inspired design, and human-centric structural design. Dr. Prabhu has made novel contributions to the multiscale biomechanics of traumatic brain injury due to external mechanical loads and a bio-inspired football helmet design.

Affiliations and expertise

Deputy Project Scientist, NASA HRP Cross-Cutting Computational Modeling Project, Universities Space Research Association, USA

Life Sciences

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