Movement Disorders in Neurology and Systemic Disorders

1st Edition, Volume 8 - November 12, 2024
Editors: Pramod Kumar Pal, Ali Shalash
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 9 1 0 9 - 4
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 9 1 1 0 - 0

International Review of Movement Disorders series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters. Each chapter is written by an intern… Read more

Movement Disorders in Neurology and Systemic Disorders

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International Review of Movement Disorders series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors.

Movement Disorders in Neurology and Systemic Disorders
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Chapter One Approach to movement disorders
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Hypokinetic/Akinetic-rigid movement disorders
3 Hyperkinetic movement disorders
3.1 Dystonia
3.2 Tremor
3.3 Myoclonus
3.4 Chorea
3.5 Ballismus
3.6 Dyskinesia
3.7 Athetosis
3.8 Tics
3.9 Stereotypy
3.10 Ataxia
4 Approaching a case of movement disorder
5 Investigations
6 Conclusions
References
Chapter Two Movement disorders in stroke and vascular disorders
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Methods
3 Epidemiology
4 Phenomenology
4.1 Hyperkinetic movement disorders
4.2 Hypokinetic movement disorders
4.3 Ataxia
5 Neuroimaging
5.1 Lesion locations
5.2 Circuits and brain networks
5.3 Molecular brain imaging
6 Pathophysiology
7 Treatment
8 Outcome and prognosis
9 Future directions
Funding sources and conflict of interest
Financial disclosures
References
Chapter Three Movement disorders associated with neuromuscular and mitochondrial disorders
Abstract
Keywords
1 Movement disorders associated with muscular disorders and neuromuscular junction disorders
1.1 Parkinsonism
1.2 Tremor
1.3 Dystonia and pseudodystonia
2 Peripheral nerve hyperexcitability syndrome
2.1 Myokymia and neuromyotonia
2.2 Hemimasticatory spasm and hemifacial spasm
2.3 Muscle cramps
2.4 Tetany
3 Movement disorders associated with peripheral neuropathies
3.1 Possible pathomechanisms
3.2 Movement disorders associated with peripheral neuropathies based on phenomenology
3.3 Movement disorders associated with peripheral neuropathies according to etiology
4 Movement disorders associated with mitochondrial disorders
4.1 Movement disorders associated with mitochondrial disorders based on phenomenology
5 Conclusion
References
Chapter Four Movement disorders associated with demyelinating disorders
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Movement disorders in multiple sclerosis
2.1 Tremor
2.2 Ataxia
2.3 Restless legs syndrome
2.4 Paroxysmal movement disorders
2.5 Parkinsonism
2.6 Myoclonus
2.7 Chorea/Ballism
2.8 Hemifacial spasm
2.9 Facial myokymia
2.10 Tics
3 Movement disorders in other demyelinating diseases
3.1 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD)
3.2 Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
3.3 Osmotic myelinolysis
4 Conclusion
References
Chapter Five Movement disorders and seizures: Overlapping phenomenology, shared etiologies and diagnostic challenges
Abstract
Keywords
1 The overlapping phenomenology (shared semiology)
1.1 Tonic phenomena
1.2 Clonic phenomena
1.3 Atonic phenomena
1.4 Spasm phenomena
1.5 Versive phenomena
1.6 Dystonic phenomena
1.7 Automotor phenomena
1.8 Hyperkinetic/hypermotor phenomena
1.9 Myoclonic phenomena
2 Shared etiologies of movement disorders and epilepsy
2.1 Epileptic syndromes with movement disorders
2.2 Movement disorders with seizures
2.3 Autoimmune disorders with movement disorders and seizures
2.4 Movement disorders and Seizures: Impact of their therapies
2.5 Functional movement disorders and functional seizures
3 Shared pathophysiology between epilepsy and movement disorders
3.1 Genetic channelopathies
3.2 Genetic non-channelopathies
3.3 Proteinopathies
4 Diagnostic approach and management
5 Conclusions
References
Chapter Six Movement disorders in autoimmune and paraneoplastic disorders
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Movement disorders and autoimmune diseases
2.1 Movement disorders associated with neuronal antibodies
2.2 General treatment strategies in autoimmune movement disorders
2.3 Movement disorders in paraneoplastic diseases
2.4 Diagnostic investigations in autoimmune and paraneoplastic diseases
2.5 Movement disorders in systemic autoimmune diseases
3 Conclusion
References
Chapter Seven Movement disorders in the intensive care unit
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Pathophysiology of movement disorders in critical illness
3 Hyperkinetic movements and syndromes
3.1 Myoclonus
3.2 Tremor
3.3 Acute dystonic reaction and status dystonicus
3.4 Chorea, ballismus, and athetosis
3.5 Tardive syndromes and akathisia
3.6 Parkinson's dyskinesia and dyskinesia-hyperpyrexia syndrome
3.7 Tetanus
3.8 Hyperkinetic movement disorder mimics
4 Hypokinetic movements and syndromes
4.1 Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
4.2 Parkinsonism-hyperpyrexia syndrome
4.3 Malignant catatonia
4.4 Serotonin syndrome
4.5 Malignant hyperthermia
5 Ataxia
6 The complexities of autoimmune and paraneoplastic encephalitis
7 Post-traumatic movement disorders
8 Additional emergencies in Parkinson's disease and atypical Parkinsonisms
9 Conclusion and practical considerations in the ICU
References
Chapter Eight Movement disorders associated with infections
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Definition of infection related movement disorders
3 Infectious pathogens commonly associated with movement disorders
3.1 Viral infections
3.2 Bacterial infections
3.3 Other infections
4 Pathophysiological mechanisms in infection related movement disorders
5 Approach to suspected infection related movement disorders
6 Investigative modalities in the diagnosis of infection related movement disorders
6.1 Blood and cerebrospinal fluid analysis
6.2 Neuroimaging
7 Diagnostic criteria for infection related movement disorders
8 Management approach for infection related movement disorders
8.1 Early initiation of disease specific therapy for underlying infections
8.2 Symptomatic therapy of the existing movement disorder phenotype
8.3 Immunosuppressive or immunomodulator therapy in suspected inflammatory/autoimmune pathophysiology
9 Management of specific causes of infection-related movement disorders
9.1 Management based on syndromic diagnosis
9.2 Management of infection related movement disorders due to specific bacterial infections
9.3 Management of infection related movement disorders due to viral infections
9.4 Management of infection related movement disorders due to other infections
10 Conclusion
References
Chapter Nine Movement disorders related to metabolic, endocrinal and nutritional disorders
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Endocrinal disorders
2.1 Thyroid disease
2.2 Hypoparathyroidism/pseudohypoparathyroidism and Fahr's disease
2.3 Hyperparathyroidism
3 Metabolic disorders
3.1 Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia
3.2 Nephropathy and uremia
3.3 Hepatic diseases
4 Electrolyte disorders
4.1 Hyponatremia
4.2 Hypermanganesemia
5 Nutritional disorders
5.1 Thiamine deficiency
5.2 Vitamin E deficiency
6 Inherited/inborn errors of metabolism
7 Conclusion
References
Chapter Ten Movement disorders related to drugs and toxins
Abstract
Keywords
1 Mode of action
2 Drug-induced movement disorders
2.1 Acute and subacute reactions
2.2 Drug-induced hyperthermic syndromes
2.3 Parkinsonism
2.4 Tardive syndromes
2.5 Others
3 Toxin-induced movement disorders
3.1 Heavy metals
3.2 Pesticides
3.3 Carbon monoxide (CO)
4 Conclusion
References
Further reading
Chapter Eleven Movement disorders in pediatric neurology
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Anatomic basis of movement disorders in children
3 Phenomenology of movement disorders in children
4 Individual MD and their causes (Table 2)
4.1 Dystonia
4.2 Chorea, ballismus, and athetosis
4.3 Ataxia
4.4 Tremors
4.5 Myoclonus
4.6 Tics and Tourette syndrome
4.7 Stereotypies
4.8 Parkinsonism
5 General approach
5.1 Whether the movements are part of normal development or pathological?
5.2 Characterization according to the phenomenology
5.3 Is the movement disorder isolated or combined?
5.4 Temporal profile
5.5 What are the additional neurological signs/symptoms?
6 Diagnosis and management
7 Conclusion
References
Chapter Twelve Clinical approaches and managements of sleep-related movement disorders
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Basic neurology of sleep and circadian rhythm
3 Anatomical structures and mechanisms involved in sleep-wake control
4 Motor control during sleep
5 International classification of sleep disorders: Spotlights on sleep-related movement disorders and parasomnias
6 Clinical approaches and investigations for sleep-related movement disorders
7 Sleep-related movement disorders
7.1 Restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease (RLS/WED)
7.2 Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD)
7.3 Nocturnal muscle cramps
7.4 Sleep-related bruxism
7.5 Sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder
7.6 Other sleep-related movement disorders
7.7 Other parasomnias and sleep disorders with abnormal nocturnal motor behaviors/ movements
8 Conclusions
Financial disclosure
References

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Movement Disorders in Neurology and Systemic Disorders

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