Motion and Path Planning for Additive Manufacturing
- 1st Edition - November 21, 2023
- Authors: Alex C. Roschli, Michael C. Borish, Abby K. Barnes, Thomas A. Feldhausen, Peter Wang, Eric MacDonald
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 5 2 8 6 - 3
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 5 2 8 7 - 0
Motion and Path Planning for Additive Manufacturing takes a deep dive into the concepts and computations behind slicing software – the software that uses 3D models to generate… Read more
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Request a sales quoteMotion and Path Planning for Additive Manufacturing takes a deep dive into the concepts and computations behind slicing software – the software that uses 3D models to generate the commands required to control the motion of a 3D printer and ultimately construct objects.
Starting with a brief review of the different types of motion in additive systems, this book walks through the steps of the path planning process and discusses the different types of toolpaths and their corresponding function in additive manufacturing. Planar, non-planar, and off-axis path planning are examined and explained. This book also presents pathing considerations for different types of 3D-printers, including extrusion, non-extrusion, and hybrid systems as well as 3- and 5-axis systems.
Engineers, researchers, and designers in the additive manufacturing field can use this book as a reference for every step of the path planning process, as well as a guide that explains the computations underlying the creation and use of toolpaths.
- Outlines the entire toolpath planning process required to go from a computer-aided design (CAD) model to G-code that a 3D printer can then use to construct a part
- Defines the terms and variables used in slicing and other path-planning software
- Highlights all the available kinematic arrangements for motion systems in additive manufacturing as well as the advantages and risks of each method
- Discusses the nuances of path planning for extrusion, non-extrusion, and hybrid process as well as 3- and 5-axis additive systems
- Provides an up-to-date explanation of advancements in toolpath planning and state-of-the-art slicing processes that use real-time data collection
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Preface
- Chapter 1 Introduction to additive manufacturing
- Abstract
- The history of additive manufacturing
- Taxonomy of additive manufacturing processes
- Software support of additive manufacturing
- Organization of text
- References
- Chapter 2 Mechanical systems and kinematics
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Links, joints, and mechanisms
- Mathematical representations of mechanical motion
- Robot workspaces
- Robot Jacobians
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 3 Motion platforms and kinematic arrangements
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Cartesian systems
- Delta configurations
- Six DOF robot arm configurations
- Configurations in research and development
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 4 Geometry data storage
- Abstract
- Introduction
- STL file formats
- ASCII
- Binary
- Other geometry storage file types
- The OBJ file
- The AMF file
- The 3MF file
- Comparing the other file types to the STL
- 3D scan data from point clouds
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 5 Cross-sectioning
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Pre-processing
- Cross-sectioning
- Optimizing polygons for 3D-printing
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 6 Closed-loop toolpath generation
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Finding the path location
- Two-bead-width constraint
- Multiples of the bead width
- Hollow shapes
- Edge cases
- Complex path geometry
- Types of closed-loop contours
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 7 Space-filling toolpath generation
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Types of space-filling toolpaths
- Finding the space to fill
- Space-filling toolpath settings
- Fill patterns
- Rectilinear
- Grid infill
- Hexagon-and-triangle fill
- Triangle fill
- Concentric
- Honeycomb
- Gyroid
- Hilbert curve
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 8 Open-loop toolpath generation
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Geometry identification
- Voronoi diagram generation
- Voronoi skeleton generation
- Skeleton optimization
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 9 Support, raft, brim, and skirt pathing
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Supports
- Rafts
- Brims
- Skirts
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 10 Path modifiers
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Tip wipe
- Spiral lift
- Startup
- Slowdown
- Prestart
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 11 Travels, optimizations, and ordering
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Directionality and ordering
- Travels
- Layer travel insertion
- Island and path travel insertion
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 12 Toolpath considerations for extrusion: Pellet, filament, concrete, and thermoset
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Thermoplastic extrusion
- Thermoset extrusion
- Concrete extrusion
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 13 Toolpath considerations for DED: Arc and laser welding
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Height control
- Site-specific control
- Advanced site-specific control
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 14 Planar slicing for nonextrusion AM processes
- Abstract
- Introduction
- The basics of slicing for non-extrusion
- Data representation
- Using the data
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 15 Off-axis and nonplanar slicing
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Off-axis printing
- Printing via automatic off-axis computation
- Nonplanar printing via conformal mapping
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 16 Toolpath considerations for 5-axis systems
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Applications for 5-axis toolpaths
- Complex surfaces and surface normality
- Decomposed geometries
- AM discontinuity mitigation
- Methods for 5-axis motion
- Case study: Slicing approach for large format 5-axis motion
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 17 Toolpath considerations for hybrid additive manufacturing
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Directly manufacturing components
- Feature addition
- Remanufacturing operations
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 18 The g-code file
- Abstract
- Introduction
- What is g-gode?
- G-code syntaxes
- Motion commands
- Nonmotion commands
- Writing g-code from toolpaths
- G-code for 5-axis systems
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 19 Closing the Loop
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Changing the slicing paradigm
- Sensor feedback
- Support of experimental AM systems
- Support and integration of simulations
- New visualization modalities
- Conclusion
- References
- Appendix A Geometry data file examples
- Appendix B G-code example files
- Index
- No. of pages: 400
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: November 21, 2023
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Paperback ISBN: 9780443152863
- eBook ISBN: 9780443152870
AR
Alex C. Roschli
His current focus is software development for toolpath generation in additive manufacturing. This includes slicing, printing, motor and extrusion control, and closed loop data feedback. Alex manages development of ORNL Slicer 2, a novel toolpath generation software produced at ORNL.
MB
Michael C. Borish
Dr. Michael Borish is a research staff member in the Manufacturing Demonstration Facility (MDF) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), having joined in 2017. At the MDF, he engages in a wide range of disciplines within Computer Science as they relate to industrial additive manufacturing. This research encompasses visualization, augmented reality, path planning, and computer vision, to name a few. He hopes to expand the boundaries of what we define as manufacturing technology. He is also interested in altering established paradigms of operation particularly as it relates to slicing and path planning and has been developing custom slicing software to that end. He has also built an open-source community around slicing software to advance the state of the art in path planning for industrial additive manufacturing.
AB
Abby K. Barnes
TF
Thomas A. Feldhausen
PW
Peter Wang
EM
Eric MacDonald
Eric MacDonald, Ph.D. is Professor of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering and Murchison Chair at the University of Texas at El Paso, and serves as the Associate Dean of Research and Graduate Studies for the College of Engineering. Dr. MacDonald received his doctoral degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Texas at Austin in 2002. He worked in industry for 12 years at IBM and Motorola and subsequently co-founded a start-up specializing in CAD software, which was subsequently acquired by a firm in Silicon Valley. Dr. MacDonald held faculty fellowships at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, US Navy Research and was awarded a US State Department Fulbright Fellowship in South America. His research interests include 3D printed multi-functional applications and process monitoring in additive manufacturing with instrumentation and computer vision for improved quality and yield.