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Motilin

1st Edition - January 28, 1990

Editor: Zen Itoh

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 5 7 8 9 - 6

Motilin focuses on the pharmacology and physiology of motilin, with emphasis on its relationship to interdigestive motor activities and species differences between these two… Read more

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Motilin focuses on the pharmacology and physiology of motilin, with emphasis on its relationship to interdigestive motor activities and species differences between these two parameters. Changes in plasma motilin in relation to some gastrointestinal diseases, including peptic ulcer, cholelithiasis, chronic idiopathic constipation, dumping syndrome, and irritable bowel syndrome, are discussed. This book is comprised of 17 chapters and begins with a historical background on motilin, including its discovery and isolation. The next chapter considers the structure of motilin in pigs and cats and presents evidence for the existence of motilin in other species. The chemical synthesis, radioimmunoassay, and immunoreactivity of motilin are also examined. Subsequent chapters explore the prohormone of human motilin; morphological identification of motilin in the gut; mechanisms of motilin excitation as determined by in situ and in vitro studies; and motilin receptors. This monograph should be of interest to scientists, physiologists, clinical specialists, morphologists, pharmacologists, and biochemists.

Contributors

Preface

1. Introduction

Text

References

2. The Discovery of Motilin

Text

References

3. Purification and Chemical Structure of Porcine and Canine Motilins and Evidence for the Existence of Motilin in Other Species

I. Isolation of Porcine Motilin

II. Amino Acid Composition and Sequence Analysis Porcine Motilin

III. Isolation of Canine Motilin

IV. Amino Acid Composition and Sequence Analysis of Canine Motilin

V. Motilin in Other Species

VI. Heterogeneity of Motilin

VII. Structure-Activity Relationships

References

4. Chemical Synthesis, Radioimmunoassay, and Distribution of Immunoreactivity of Motilin

I. Introduction

II. Chemical Synthesis

III. Radioimmunoassay

IV. Distribution of Immunoreactivity

References

5. Prohormone of Human Motilin

I. Heterogeneity of Human Motilin (Porcine Motilin)

II. Isolation and Characterization of a Motilin cDNA Clone

III. Primary Structure of Human Prepromotilin

IV. Comparison of Motilin Sequence

References

6. Morphological Identification of Motilin in the Gut

I. Immunocytochemical Demonstration of Motilin-Containing Cells

II. Immunocytochemical Controls

III. Enterochromaffin Cells and Motilin

IV. Structure and Ultrastructure of the Mo Cells

V. Transportation Route of Motilin in the Lamina Propria Mucosae

VI. Phylogeny, Ontogeny, and Kinetics

VII. Mo Cells in the Segi's Cap

References

7. Mechanisms of Motilin Excitation as Determined by in Situ and In Vitro Studies

I. Introduction

II. Sites and Mechanisms of Action

III. Conclusion

References

8. Motilin Receptors

I. Introduction

II. Search for Motilin Binding Sites

III. Characterization of Motilin Binding

IV. Localization of Motilin Receptors

V. Regulation and Development

VI. Motilin Agonists

VII. Conclusions

References

9. Biological Activity of Motilin in Gastric, Pancreatic, and Duodenal Secretion

I. Introduction

II. Distribution and Release of Motilin as Related to Gastrointestinal Motilin

III. Mechanism of Action

IV. Secretory Component of Migrating Motor Complex

V. Motilin and Gastroduodenal Secretion

VI. Motilin and Pancreatic and Biliary Secretion

VII. Summary and Conclusion

References

10. Biological Activity in Gastric Emptying

I. Introduction

II. Normal Regulation of Gastric Emptying

III. Effect of Motilin on Gastric and Duodenal Smooth Muscle In Vitro

IV. Effect of Motilin on Myoelectric and Contractile Activity In Vivo

V. Effect of Motilin on Gastric Emptying in Animals

VI. Effect of Motilin on Gastric Emptying in Humans

References

11. Effect of Motilin on Gastrointestinal Motor Activity in the Dog

I. Introduction

II. Materials and Methods

III. Results

IV. Discussion and Conclusion

References

12. Role of Motilin in Biliary Tract Physiology

I. Introduction

II. Physiological Background

III. Effects of Exogenous Motilin Infusions on the Biliary Tract - In Vivo or In Vitro Experiments in Animals or Humans

IV. Fasting Plasma Motilin Fluctuations in Relation to Inter-digestive Biliary Emptying—Studies in Humans

V. Relationship between Inter-digestive Biliary Emptying - Motilin Release and Fasting Gastroduodenal Motility in Humans

VI. General Summary

References

13. Endogenous Motilin Release: Physiology and Pathophysiology

I. Introduction

II. Plasma Motilin Concentrations in Interdigestive States

III. Motilin Release after Ingestion of a Meal or Fat

IV. Effect of Duodenal pH Changes on Motilin Release

V. Effects of Hormones, Peptides, and Others on Motilin Release

VI. Plasma Motilin Levels in Relation to Inter-digestive Pancreatic Secretion

VII. Motilin Release in Abnormal States

References

14. Mechanism of Motilin Release by Luminal Stimuli and Vagal Nerve

I. Introduction

II. Localization of Motilin

III. Neural Mechanisms for Motilin Release

IV. Intraluminal Nutrients

V. Intraluminal Acid and Alkali

VI. Intraluminal Biliary and Pancreatic Secretions

VII. Other Factors

References

15. Clinical Significance of Motilin in Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract

I. Normal Motilinemia

II. Motilinemia and Gastrointestinal Dysfunction

III. Therapeutic Applications

IV. Summary and Conclusions

References

16. Gastroduodenal Motor Dysfunction and Plasma Motilin Concentration in Patients with Duodenal Ulcers

I. Interdigestive, Intragastric, and Duodenal pH and Motility in Normal Subjects

II. IMC Appearance in 24-hr Monitoring of Intragastric and Duodenal pH and Motility of Normal Subjects

III. Pattern of Interdigestive Gastroduodenal Motility and pH in Duodenal Ulcer Patients

IV. IMC in 24-hr Monitoring of Gastroduodenal Motility and pH of Duodenal Ulcer Patients

V. Comparison of Gastroduodenal Motility and pH in Duodenal Ulcer Patients and Normal Subjects

VI. Plasma Motilin Concentrations and Inter-digestive Gastroduodenal Motility in Humans

VII. Characteristics of Plasma Motilin Behavior and IMC Appearance in Duodenal Ulcer Patients

VIII. Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonist Neutralizes Intraluminal pH of the Gastroduodenum, but GI-IMC Appears after an Increase in Plasma Motilin

References 242

17. Motilide, Motilin-like Macrolides

I. Introduction

II. Chemical Synthesis of Erythromycin Derivatives

III. Biological Activity

IV. Receptor Binding Study

V. Discussion and Conclusion

References

Index