Morphological Considerations

Preface


1 Introduction to Vertebrate Endocrinology

Text

References


2 Pituitary Gland

I. Introduction—General Comments

II. Development (Embryology)

III. Structural Association of Adenohypophysis and Neurohypophysis

IV. Microscopic Anatomy/Cytology

V. Comparative Morphology

VI. Comparative Contributions and Biomedical Implications

References


3 Vertebrate Neurohormonal Systems

I. Introduction

II. Neurohormones of the Posterior Pituitary

III. Neurohormones and the Anterior Pituitary

IV. Concluding Remarks

References


4 The Pineal Organ

I. Introduction

II. Development and Gross Anatomy

III. Histology, Histochemistry, and Ultrastructure

IV. Conclusions and Biomedical Implications

References


5 The Caudal Neurosecretory System in Fishes

I. Introduction

II. Anatomy and Histology

III. Development and Regeneration of the Caudal Neurosecretory System

IV. Electron Microscopy

V. Immunocytochemistry

VI. Nervous Control of the Caudal Neurosecretory System

VII. Summary

VIII. Comparative Contributions and Biomedical Implications

References


6 The Thyroid Gland

I. Historical Events

II. Development of the Mammalian Thyroid

III. Microanatomy

IV. Epithelial Organelles

V. Morphological Variation

VI. Comparative Morphology

VII. Overview and Biomedical Implications

References


7 The Parathyroid Glands

I. Introduction

II. Class Mammalia

III. Class Aves

IV. Class Reptilia

V. Class Amphibia

VI. Biomedical Implications and Conclusions

References


8 The Ultimobranchial Body

I. Introduction

II. Ontogeny and Phylogeny

III. Immunohistochemical and Histochemical Characteristics

IV. Innervation

V. Cellular Mechanisms of Secretion

VI. Patterns of Secretion

VII. Conclusions and Biomedical Implications

References


9 Gastrointestinal Tract

I. Introduction

II. Gut Endocrine Cell Types

III. Comparative Studies

IV. Summary and Conclusions

References


10 Pancreatic Islets

I. The Evolving Islet Organ: A New Gland Uses Ancient Hormones

II. Early Phylogenetic Relationships between Islet Organ, Exocrine Pancreas, and Liver

III. The Association of Islet Organ and Exocrine Pancreas: Raison d'Etre?

IV. Comparative Islet Anatomy

V. Concluding Remarks

References


11 The Adrenal and Interrenal Glands

I. Terminology

II. The Adrenal Gland

III. General Observations on Morphology

IV. Biomedical Implications

References


12 The Ovary

I. Introduction

II. Comparative Survey of Ovarian Morphology

III. Summary and Comment

References


13 Testis

I. Introduction

II. General Structure

III. Spermatogenesis

IV. Sertoli Cells

V. Interstitial Cells (Leydig Cells)

VI. Concluding Remarks

References


14 Stannius Corpuscles

I. Introduction

II. Distribution and Embryology of the CS

III. Gross Anatomy, Vascularization, and Innervation

IV. Structure and Cytophysiology of the Gland Cells

V. Relationship between CS and Other Endocrine Tissues

VI. Conclusions and Biomedical Implications

References


15 Evolutionary Morphology of Endocrine Glands

I. The Scope of This Volume

II. Evolution of Endocrine Organs

III. Endocrine Organs of Limited Phyletic Occurrence

IV. Evolution of the Adrenal Cortex

V. Evolution of the Hypothalamo-Hypophysial System

VI. Conclusions

References

Index