Modernizing Global Health Security to Prevent, Detect, and Respond

1st Edition - October 19, 2023
Editors: Scott J.N. McNabb, Affan T. Shaikh, Carol J. Haley
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 9 4 5 - 7
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 9 4 6 - 4

Modernizing Global Health Security to Prevent, Detect, and Respond explores—through thoughtful, thorough, and diverse scientific review and analyses—factors that have led to recent… Read more

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Modernizing Global Health Security to Prevent, Detect, and Respond explores—through thoughtful, thorough, and diverse scientific review and analyses—factors that have led to recent public health emergencies and offers a vision for a better protected global environment. The authors consider the history of global health security, governance, and legal structures with an eye toward novel approaches for the present and future. The book presents a vision for a more protected and safer global public health future (with the actions needed to achieve it) to prevent, detect, and respond to (re)emerging threats. Its aim is to chart a way forward with the understanding that future pandemics must and can be prevented. Major topics examined from a public health perspective include global health security; the growing concept of One Health; epidemic and pandemic prevention, detection, and response; reviews of past (e.g., Ebola, MERS-CoV, Zika, and COVID-19) public health emergencies of international concern; roles of information and communication technology; humanmade public health threats; and legal and ethical issues (e.g., viral sovereignty, trust, and transparency). Modernizing Global Health Security to Prevent, Detect, and Respond provides the academic substance and quality for researchers and practitioners to deeply understand the why of health emergencies, and most importantly—what we can and should do now to prepare.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of editors
List of contributors
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
List of abbreviations
Chapter 1. Vision guiding modernization of global health security
Why modernize GHS now to prevent, detect, and respond?
History of pandemics?
What is the future vision?
What's inside?
Section I. International regulatory environment to prevent, detect, and respond and importance of a global point of view
Section I International regulatory environment to prevent, detect, and respond and importance of a global point of view
Chapter 2. Ethics and global health security
Introduction
Literature review and gap analysis
Vision for the future
Recommended actions
Chapter 3. National interagency collaboration for public health
Introduction: The need for collaboration
Literature review and gap analysis
Challenges and issues
Vision for the future
Actions
Chapter 4. The imperative for global cooperation to prevent and control pandemics
Introduction
Literature review and gap analysis
Deepening global health cooperation
Vision for the future
Actions
Chapter 5. International legal issues of national sovereignty and authority impacting global health security
Introduction
Emergence of the International Health Regulations
Evolution of the IHR
Relevant legal instruments and processes
Literature review and gap analysis
Viral sovereignty
Vision for the future
Actions
Section II. Global One Health to address pandemics - ecological and biological challenges in the dynamic planet
Section II Global One Health to address pandemics - ecological and biological challenges in the dynamic planet
Introduction
Chapter 6. (Re-)emerging viral zoonotic diseases at the human–animal–environment interface
Introduction
Literature review and gap analysis
Vision for the future
Actions
Chapter 7. Emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance at the interface of humans, animals, and the environment
Introduction
Literature review and gap analysis
Current efforts to prevent and control AMR
Global gaps in AMR prevention, detection, and response activities
Vision
Recommendations
Chapter 8. Toxic and environmentally ubiquitous chemical agents
Introduction
Literature review and gap analysis
Chapter 9. Global climate change impacts on vector ecology and vector-borne diseases
Introduction
Literature review and gap analysis
Environmental impacts
Globalization, human activity, and zoonotic spillover
Capacity building and public health surveillance
Vision for the future
Actions
Chapter 10. Assessment of critical gaps in prevention, control, and response to major bacterial, viral, and protozoal infectious diseases at the human, animal, and environmental interface
Introduction
Literature review and gap analysis
Vision for the future
Actions
Chapter 11. Urbanization, human societies, and pandemic preparedness and mitigation
Introduction
Literature review and gap analysis
Vision for the future
Actions
Section III. Movement of people and things: The challenge of pandemic spread
Section III Movement of people and things: The challenge of pandemic spread
Chapter 12. The interconnected world of trade, travel, and transportation networks
Introduction
Literature review and gap analysis
Disruptions in the movement of goods and people
Environmental measures for pandemic control
Health measures on arrival and departure
Trade measures for pandemic control
Vision for the future
Actions
Chapter 13. Mitigating negative economic impacts of pandemics
Introduction
Literature review and gap analysis
Vision for the future
Chapter 14. Health measures at points of entry as prevention tools
Introduction
Background and significance
Attitudes and behaviors of travelers
Designated points of entry
Entry/exit screening practices at PoE
Vision for the future
Actions
Chapter 15. Rights-based global health security through all-hazard risk management
Introductions
Global health security preparedness
All-hazard risk management approach for global health security
Rights-based approach to risk management
Global health security and SDG in the COVID-19 era
Existing inequalities exacerbated by COVID-19
Inequality and geopolitical tensions inflamed by vaccine nationalism
Breaking the inequality and inequity
Global demand and supply on health
Disparities between demand and supply
Implementing local-to-global networks at the national level
Vision for the future (including actions)
Conclusion: A call to action
Section IV. Tools and techniques to modernize prevention, detection, and response to epidemics
Section IV Tools and techniques to modernize prevention, detection, and response to epidemics
Chapter 16. Global laboratory systems
Introduction
Actions
Summary of specific recommendations
Chapter 17. Modernizing public health surveillance
Introduction
Literature review and gap analysis
Vision for the future
Actions
Chapter 18. Data for public health action: Creating informatics-savvy health organizations to support integrated disease surveillance and response
Introduction
Literature review and gap analysis
Vision for the future: Building informatics-savvy health organizations
Conclusion
Supplemental Appendix 1: Capability maturity model response categories
Supplemental Appendix 2: Core informatics-savvy health organization assessment areas
Supplemental Appendix 3: Adaptation of ISHO framework for assessing national health information system maturity under the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)
Supplemental Appendix 4: Ethiopia ISHO assessment results (2018)a
Chapter 19. Analytics and intelligence for public health surveillance
Introduction
Key terms and definitions
Literature review and gap analysis
Vision for the future
Actions
Chapter 20. Navigating a rapidly changing information and communication landscape amidst “infodemics”
Introduction
Health misinformation and “infodemics”
Health communication in a changing information landscape
Vision for the future
Actions to achieve the vision
Conclusion
Chapter 21. Countering vaccine hesitancy in the context of global health
Introduction
Literature rewiew and gap analysis
Vision and actions for the future
Conclusion
Section V. Moving to the best-protected global community
Section V Moving to the best-protected global community
Chapter 22. Science and political leadership in global health security
Introduction
Literature review and gap analysis
Vision for the future, challenges, and actions
Conclusion
Chapter 23. Influencing global health security through finance and philanthropy
Introduction
Literature review and gap analysis
Vision for the future
Actions
Chapter 24. Enhancing trust and transparency for public health programs
Introduction
Literature review and gap analysis
Vision for the future
Actions: Trust-building in public health
Chapter 25. Workforce development
Introduction
GHS workforce development efforts before COVID-19
GHS workforce development efforts after COVID-19
Gap analysis
Vision for the future
Chapter 26. Health system preparedness and long-term benefits to achieve health security
Chapter 27. Measuring progress of public health response and preparedness
Introduction
Literature review
Vision for the future
Actions
Index

Scott J.N. McNabb

Prior to joining the Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) and serving the 2-year EIS residency in New Orleans, LA, Dr. McNabb PhD, MS, worked for 13 years at the Oklahoma State Health Department. Since 1993, most of his professional efforts have focused on supporting those in underdeveloped, underserved global settings. Before retirement from CDC in 2010, he served as Associate Director for Science; Public Health Informatics and Technology Program Office; Office for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services. From 2006 – 2008, he directed the Division of Integrated Surveillance Systems and Services, National Center for Public Health Informatics, CDC. He is Research Professor and Director of the King Abdullah Fellowship Program (http://kingabdullahfellowship.com) at Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health. Teaching two classes, GH 504 Effective Oral Presentations for Public Health Professionals and GH 592 Successful Scientific Writing for Public Health Professionals, he also teaches in a short-course format: Successful Scientific Writing and Effective Oral Communications and in the University of Michigan Graduate Summer Session. Having mentored 19 students through their M.P.H. or Ph.D., plus 14 fellows through the CDC Public Health Prevention Specialists program, he is jointly appointed in the Hubert Department of Global Health and Department of Epidemiology. He holds an appointment as Adjunct Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Promoted to Distinguished Consultant in 2005 and nominated for the 2005 CDC Charles C. Shepard Award, he completed the 2004 Senior Executive Services (SES) candidate development program and is certified by the Office of Personnel Management. Dr. McNabb serves on the Editorial Board, Epidemiology and Global Health and in private practice as a Board Member of Ascel Bio, LLC; Senior Consultant and Managing Partner, Public Health Practice, LLC (http://www.publichealthpractice.com); and Senior Consultant, Global Strategies, LLC (http://www.global-strategies.net).

Affiliations and expertise

Research Professor, Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Highlands, NC, USA

Affan T. Shaikh

Affan T. Shaikh is a public health professional with interests in disease prevention and health systems strengthening. With over seven years of professional experience, Affan’s work engages multilateral stakeholders including inter- and intra- governmental organizations, academic intuitions, NGOs, and communities in building local public health capacities, improving health outcomes, and increasing access. He has worked on the ground across 22 different countries, and during the peak of the MERS-CoV outbreak in Saudi Arabia and following the Ebola epidemic in Sierra Leone. More recently he has supported the Africa CDC with their COVID-19 response through innovative public health applications. Through his work, Affan is driven to strengthen health systems using evidence-based research. He has had numerous teaching engagements with Emory University, the University of Michigan, and Columbia University, where he has taught courses on public health surveillance, oral communication, and scientific writing. He has successfully consulted with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, numerous Ministries of Health throughout Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia, and the World Health Organization. In addition to consulting, he serves as a Visiting Scientist for the National Academy of Sciences and as an International Board Member to the Saudi Arabia Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Affan holds an MPH in International Health from Boston University and a BA in Economics from the University of California, Los Angeles.

Affiliations and expertise

Public Health Practice, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Carol J. Haley

Carol Haley, PhD, is currently an Adjunct Associate Professor in the Rollins School of Public Health, Hubert Department of Global Health at Emory University. She has spent nearly 30 years working at the intersection of science and policy in various capacities in industry, government, and academia. Her experience includes, among others, positions at the Virginia Water Resources Research Center where she researched and wrote about legal, scientific, economic, and social aspects of issues concerning Virginia’s waters; and at the Center for Veterinary Medicine at the US Food and Drug Administration, first specializing in environmental impacts of animal drugs, and later, as the Center’s Deputy Associate Director of Policy and Regulations, developing animal drug policy. She has extensive experience in US regulatory affairs and policy, environmental policy, and freshwater ecology. Her volunteer activities include having served on the Board of Trustees of Randolph College and on the Vestry of the Church of the Holy Trinity in NYC. She received her doctorate in biology from Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia, US.

Affiliations and expertise

Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Modernizing Global Health Security to Prevent, Detect, and Respond

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