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Modeling Electrochemical Dynamics and Signaling Mechanisms in Excitable Cells with Pathological Case Studies

1st Edition - January 18, 2022

Author: Tetsuya Watanabe

Paperback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 8 8 0 3 - 2

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 7 2 7 0 - 3

Modeling Electrochemical Dynamics and Signaling Mechanisms in Excitable Cells with Pathological Case Studies covers the neuronal cell communication system in excitable cells,… Read more

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Modeling Electrochemical Dynamics and Signaling Mechanisms in Excitable Cells with Pathological Case Studies covers the neuronal cell communication system in excitable cells, recognizing the most relevant mechanisms of cell communication. Along with new findings in biotechnology, medicine and pathological cases for clinicians, the book highlights electrochemical potential in living nerve and muscle cells. Written for physiological scientists, pharmaceutical scientists, medical doctors, biologists and physicists, this book an essential read for a real understanding of the signals as we see them.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: Introduction
Abstract
1.1: Molecular interaction and increases in entropy associated with diffusion
1.2: Functions of the cell membrane
1.3: Oscillation of electrochemical potential in exciting living cells
1.4: Physiological functions regulated by diffusion, attraction, and binding of ligands to their receptors
1.5: Basic mechanism of automaticity and its modulation
1.6: Medical applications
1.7: Conclusions
References
Chapter 2: Statistical dynamics and molecular interaction
Abstract
2.1: Introduction to statistical thermodynamics
2.2: Energy distribution in a solid
2.3: Energy exchange among interacting solids
2.4: Statistical definition of entropy and the Boltzmann distribution to oscillators in a solid
2.5: Interacting gaseous molecules in a space
2.6: Diffusion of interacting molecules
2.7: Conclusions
References
Chapter 3: Function of membrane and protein synthesis in the cell
Abstract
3.1: Introduction
3.2: Molecular shape of proteins
3.3: Phospholipid bilayer cell membrane
3.4: Bulk transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis
3.5: Production, glycosylation, and transport of proteins
3.6: Columnar transmembrane proteins
3.7: DNA and RNA
3.8: Protein synthesis in living cells
3.9: Gene cloning and expression vectors
3.10: Polymerase chain reaction
3.11: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
3.12: Exosomal communication
3.13: Conclusions
References
Chapter 4: Redox reactions and ATP synthesis in the cell
Abstract
4.1: Introduction
4.2: Shielding effects
4.3: Electronegativity
4.4: Regulation of cell's function via signaling molecules
4.5: Redox reactions between molecules with an atom of different electronegativity
4.6: Synthesis of ATP driven by electrochemical potential
4.7: Relationship between electric work and Gibbs free energy
4.8: Electric potential difference caused by electron transport in mitochondria
4.9: ATP consumption in the cell
4.10: ATP deficiency in the heart
4.11: Conclusions
References
Chapter 5: Resting electric potential and ionic currents in the cell
Abstract
5.1: Introduction
5.2: Diffusion of ions
5.3: Leak channels
5.4: Ion selectivity of leak channels
5.5: Na+-K+ pump driven by ATP
5.6: Resting membrane potential caused by Na+-K+ ATPase and selective ion permeability
5.7: Ionic currents driven by electrochemical forces
5.8: Derivation of the Goldman equation
5.9: Ca2 + oscillation in the RyR2 channel and rhythmic depolarization in the cytosol
5.10: Conclusions
References
Chapter 6: Electrochemical conduction in neurons and neuronal communications
Abstract
6.1: Introduction
6.2: Ligand-gated ion channels and neurotransmitters
6.3: Graded potential in the cell body
6.4: Switching a neuron between resting state and exciting state
6.5: Structure and function of voltage-gated Na+and K+ channels
6.6: Action potential in neuron
6.7: Velocity of action potential conduction in neurons
6.8: Deriving of the cable equation
6.9: Damped oscillatory voltage change in the exciting axon
6.10: Neuronal communication of living cells
6.11: Nerve injuries
6.12: Conclusions
References
Chapter 7: Electrochemical signaling mechanism in cardiac muscle
Abstract
7.1: Introduction
7.2: Function of inwardly rectifying K+ channels in the cardiac myocytes
7.3: G protein-coupled receptors in the heart
7.4: Ryanodine receptor 2 channels
7.5: Sodium-calcium exchanger
7.6: HCN cation channels and modulation of the cardiac rhythmicity
7.7: Gap junctional conduction
7.8: Action potential in the heart
7.9: Cyclic depolarization of the pacemaker cells and modulation by postganglionic autonomic nerves
7.10: Amplification and stabilization of signals
7.11: Conduction between the atrium and ventricle
7.12: Conclusions
References
Chapter 8: Mechanism of muscle contraction and disorder
Abstract
8.1: Introduction
8.2: Contraction of skeletal muscle and neuromuscular junction disorder
8.3: Joint pain and weakness of the muscle
8.4: Rhythmic contractions of cardiac muscle
8.5: Contraction and dilation of smooth muscle
8.6: Oscillatory contractions of intestine
8.7: Vasodilation
8.8: Bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation
8.9: Conclusions
References
Chapter 9: Gas exchange and respiratory insufficiency
Abstract
9.1: Introduction
9.2: Gas exchange between blood and organs
9.3: Regulation of respiration
9.4: Diffusion across respiratory membrane
9.5: Airflow in the lungs and pulmonary resistance
9.6: Functional residual capacity and pulmonary compliance
9.7: Pulmonary resistance and compliance during inhalation of 5% oxygen
9.8: Pneumonia
9.9: Conclusions
References
Chapter 10: Electrochemical mechanism of arrhythmias and antiarrhythmic drugs
Abstract
10.1: Impulse conduction in the heart
10.2: Disorder of impulse generation and ECG
10.3: Incidence of premature contractions
10.4: Cardiac arrhythmias
10.5: Experimental induction of ventricular tachycardia
10.6: Antiarrhythmic drugs
10.7: Discussion
10.8: Conclusions
References
Reference data
Index