Microbiome Stimulants for Crops

Mechanisms and Applications

1st Edition - April 17, 2021
Imprint: Woodhead Publishing
Editors: James F. White, Ajay Kumar, Samir Droby
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 2 1 2 2 - 8
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 2 1 6 0 - 0

Microbiome Stimulants for Crops: Mechanisms and Applications provides the latest developments in the real-world development and application of these crop management altern… Read more

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Microbiome Stimulants for Crops: Mechanisms and Applications provides the latest developments in the real-world development and application of these crop management alternatives in a cost-effective, yield protective way. Sections address questions of research, development and application, with insights into recent legislative efforts in Europe and the United States. The book includes valuable information regarding mechanisms and the practical information needed to support the growing microbial inoculant and biostimulant industry, thus helping focus scientific research in new directions.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
Introduction
Chapter 1. Microbial endophytes: evolution, diversity, community functions, and regulation
Abstract
1.1 Evolution of endophytism
1.2 Endophytism, rhizophagy cycle, and plant development
1.3 The clavicipitalean model for the evolution of endophytism
1.4 Geographic patterns
1.5 Plant and fungal diversity
1.6 Species and community regulation in clavicipitalean endophytes
1.7 Plant-microbe talking: signaling and sensing
1.8 Future challenges
Acknowledgment
Conflicts for interest
References
Chapter 2. Friends in low places: Soil derived microbial inoculants for biostimulation and biocontrol in crop production
Abstract
2.1 Terrestrial plants evolved with the help of soil microbes
2.2 Targeting soils for bioprospection of microbial inoculants
2.3 Plant growth-promoting soil microbes
2.4 Soil microbes helping plants resist abiotic stress
2.5 Using soil microbes for biocontrol of plant pathogens
2.6 Soil microbes can help plants establish symbiosis with other rhizosphere dwellers
2.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 3. The roles of endophytes in modulating crop plant development
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Endophytes and plant growth promotion
3.3 Endophytes and protection of plant from abiotic stresses
3.4 Endophytes and protection of crop plant from diseases
3.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 4. Epichloë endophytes stimulate grass development and physiological state in China
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Salt stress
4.3 Disease resistance
4.4 Cold stress
4.5 Drought stress
4.6 Nitrogen stress
4.7 Heavy metal stress
4.8 Insect
4.9 Breeding
4.10 Root-associated microorganism communities
4.11 Conclusion and future prospects
References
Chapter 5. Endophytic microbes promote plant growth and alter host secondary metabolites
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Endophytes versus epiphytes and mycorrhizae
5.3 Entrance, establishment, and transmission of endophytes within plants
5.4 Microbial endophytes altering host secondary metabolites
5.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Further reading
Chapter 6. The dynamic mechanisms underpinning symbiotic Epichloë–grass interactions: implications for sustainable and resilient agriculture
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Epichloë life cycle
6.3 Epichloë secondary metabolites
6.4 Host and endophyte metabolome changes in response to endophyte infection
6.5 Interactions between Epichloë and other microorganisms
6.6 Role of the Epichloë reactive NADPH oxidase complex in symbiosis
6.7 Regulation of iron homeostasis in Epichloë–ryegrass symbioses
6.8 Mechanisms of host responses—transcriptomics studies
6.9 Plant hormones and Epichloë fungal endophytes of grasses
6.10 Applications in agriculture and economic importance
6.11 Final perspectives
References
Chapter 7. Potential application of plant growth promoting bacteria in bioenergy crop production
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Microbiome research in bioenergy crops
7.3 Growth promotion for bioenergy crops
7.4 Stress tolerance
7.5 Bioremediation
7.6 Mechanisms
7.7 Perspectives and challenges
References
Chapter 8. Soil microbiome to maximize the benefits to crop plants—a special reference to rhizosphere microbiome
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Soil microbiome and rhizosphere microbiome
8.3 Microbiome-mediated abiotic stress management and plant growth
8.4 Physiological and molecular mechanisms mediated abiotic stress management in plants by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria
8.5 Microbiome-mediated biotic stress management and plant growth
8.6 Mechanisms exerted by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria to combat biotic stress management and plant growth
8.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9. Belowground dialogue between plant roots and beneficial microbes
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Crosstalk between plant root system and microorganisms
9.3 Plant growth-promoting microbes and their ways out to enhance plant growth
9.4 Role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in abiotic and biotic stress management
9.5 Conclusion and future directions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 10. The microbial role in the control of phytopathogens—an alternative to agrochemicals
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Antibiosis
10.3 Induction of systemic resistance
10.4 Interference in the quorum sensing signal by N-acyl homoserine lactones-degrading
10.5 Control of phytopathogenic agents by mycoparasitism
10.6 Competition: an indirect interaction with pathogens
10.7 Licensed products for biological control
References
Chapter 11. Microbial biocontrol formulations for commercial applications
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Biocontrol agents
11.3 Mechanism of action of BCAs
11.4 Commercialized microbial BCAs
11.5 Types and modes of application of BCAs
11.6 Challenges with microbial BCAs
11.7 Future aspects
11.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 12. Potential effect of microbial biostimulants in sustainable vegetable production
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Microbial biostimulants and action mechanisms
12.3 Effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacterias on nutrient uptake in vegetable crops
12.4 Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on nutrient uptake in vegetable crops
12.5 Conclusions and prospects
References
Chapter 13. Microbes as biostimulants: tissue culture prospective
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Agriculturally important microorganisms
13.3 Mechanism of action
13.4 Scope in micropropagation
13.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 14. Biostimulant applications in crops under abiotic stress conditions
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Impact of abiotic environmental stressors on plants
14.3 Role of biostimulants in management of abiotic environmental stresses
14.4 Conclusion and future recommendations
References
Chapter 15. Actinomycetes as biostimulants and their application in agricultural practices
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Isolation, identification, and characterization of actinomycetes
15.3 Function role of actinobacteria in plant growth and soil ecosystem
15.4 Actinomycetes: defense mediators against plant pathogens and control of plant diseases
15.5 Role of actinomycetes in management and resilience toward abiotic stresses
15.6 Recent advances in actinomycetes research
15.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Conflict of interest statement
Author contributions
References
Chapter 16. An insight on potential role of microbial volatiles as an aromatic tool in management of crop productivity
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Chemical nature and diversity of microbial volatiles
16.3 Role of microbial volatiles in plant–microbe interaction and signaling
16.4 Role of microbial volatiles in stress tolerance
16.5 Microbial volatiles in pollination by insects
16.6 Inhibitory potential of microbial volatiles against soilborne pathogens
16.7 Microbial volatiles as semiochemicals
16.8 Microbial volatiles as indicators of growth promotion
16.9 Environmental factors controlling the emission of microbial volatiles
16.10 Microbial volatiles and climate changes
16.11 Conclusions and future perspectives
References
Chapter 17. Microbial consortia: approaches in crop production and yield enhancement
Abstract
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Classification of microbial consortia on the basis of functions
17.3 Microbial consortia aspects in plant growth promotion
17.4 Applications of microbial consortia in plant growth promotion
17.5 Selection of microbes in the consortium
17.6 Advantages of a microbial consortium
17.7 Disadvantages of a microbial consortium
17.8 Conclusion and future prospective
References
Chapter 18. Fungi, fungal enzymes and their potential application as biostimulants
Abstract
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Biostimulants
18.3 Types of plant growth-promoting fungi
18.4 Role of soil enzymes in agriculture
18.5 Fungal enzymes as biostimulants
18.6 Research prospects
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 19. Microbial cell factories for treatment of soil polluted with heavy metals: a green approach
Abstract
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Heavy metal sources of soil contamination
19.3 Toxicity of heavy metals
19.4 Heavy metal tolerance in plant growth-promoting bacteria
19.5 Bioremediation of heavy metals for plant growth promotion
19.6 Potential strategies of heavy metals bioremediation
19.7 Conclusion or future prospectus
References
Chapter 20. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as plant biostimulants
Abstract
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Twenty-first century, a new era of agriculture
20.3 Arbuscular mycorrhiza, a plant infrastructure
20.4 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can reduce mineral fertilizer and pesticide use in crops
20.5 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as modulators of food taste and safety
20.6 The phytomicrobiota: interactions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with other microbiota
20.7 Methods for AMF inoculum production: progress and limitation
20.8 What should be done so that inoculation will work?
20.9 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 21. Nanobiotechnology of the plant microbiome
Abstract
21.1 Introduction
21.2 The role of endophytes in response to metal stress
21.3 Nanoparticle synthesis
21.4 Conclusions and future perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 22. Microbiome establishment, adaptation, and contributions to anaerobic stress tolerance and nutrient acquisition in rice
Abstract
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Rice as the most popular food crop
22.3 Germination and early growth of rice under anaerobic conditions
22.4 The plant-associated microbiome in rice
22.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 23. Soil’s physical and nutritional balance is essential for establishing a healthy microbiome
Abstract
23.1 The importance of a healthy soil microbiome
23.2 Textural properties
23.3 Aggregate size, stability, water content, and holding capacity
23.4 pH
23.5 Organic carbon and organic matter
23.6 Macronutrients
23.7 Other secondary and micronutrients
23.8 C:N ratio
23.9 Soil enzyme activity
23.10 Management practices
23.11 Pesticide overuse
23.12 Crop rotations
23.13 Residue cover
23.14 Soil productivity
23.15 Chapter summary
23.16 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflict of interest
Author contributions
References
Chapter 24. Microbiome stimulants for crops: indicators for an economically proficient sustainable agriculture
Abstract
24.1 Introduction: the multifarious challenges at hand
24.2 Agriculture water withdrawal and global water footprint
24.3 An overview of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in arable agriculture
24.4 Microbial antagonism and soil health
24.5 Perspectives: downstream of sustainable agriculture
References
Chapter 25. Plant microbiome: diversity, distribution, and functional relevance in crop improvement and sustainable agriculture
Abstract
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Recent trends in plant microbiome research
25.3 Characterization of plant microbiome: isolation, identification, and experimental approaches
25.4 Omics-based approaches
25.5 Plant microbiome: composition, distribution, and diversity
25.6 Functional relevance of the plant microbiome
25.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Conflict of interest statement
Author contributions
References
Chapter 26. Gene expression studies in crop plants for diseases management
Abstract
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Plant–pathogen interaction
26.3 Methods of studying defense-related gene expression in crop plants
26.4 Study of gene expression and identification of candidate genes
26.5 Transgenic approach for management of diseases in crop plants
26.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 27. Biomanagement of Fusarium spp. associated with oil crops
Abstract
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Fungal diseases associated with oil-yielding crops
27.3 Fusarium spp. associated with oilseed crops
27.4 Management of Fusarium spp. associated with oilseed crops
27.5 Conclusions
References
Index

James F. White

Dr. James White is Professor of Plant Biology at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA. Dr. White obtained the B.S. and M.S. degrees in Botany and Plant Pathology/Mycology from Auburn University, Alabama, and the Ph.D. in Botany from the University of Texas, Austin in 1987. Dr. White specializes in symbiosis research, particularly endophytic microbes. He is the author of more than 400 articles, and author and editor of reference books on the biology, taxonomy, and phylogeny of microbial endophytes, including Biotechnology of Acremonium Endophytes of Grasses (1994), Microbial Endophytes (2000), The Clavicipitalean Fungi (2004), The Fungal Community: Its Organization and Role in the Ecosystem (2005; 2016), Defensive Mutualism in Microbial Symbiosis (2009) and Seed Endophytes: Biology and Biotechnology (2019). He and students in his lab are exploring diversity of endophytic and biostimulant microbes and the various impacts that they have on host plants.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor of Plant Biology, Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

Ajay Kumar

Dr. Ajay Kumar is currently working as an assistant professor at Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India. Dr. Kumar completed his tenure (2018-2022) as a visiting scientist from Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Center, Israel and doctoral research from Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India on the theme "Plant microbe interaction". In his research tenures, Dr. Kumar has published more than 235 scientific contributions in the form of research and review articles, books or book chapters with the leading International Journals or Publishers. He has wide area of research experience, especially in the field of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Microbial biocontrol, Postharvest management of fruits, Microbial endophytes related with the medicinal plants and cyanobacteria-pesticides interactions. Dr. Kumar actively engaged in editing book with the leading publisher like Elsevier, Springer, CRC Press, Willey and edited more than 48 books and currently serving as an Associate editor in Frontier in Microbiology, BMC Microbiology and special guest editor in Microorganisms or Plants MDPI, Journal.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, India

Samir Droby

Prof. Samir Droby is a senior research scientist at the ARO, the Volcani Center and Professor of Plant Pathology and postharvest Sciences at the Division of Biochemistry and Food Science at the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Since 2013, he has been serving as the chair of the Postharvest Pathology Subject Matter Committee of the International Society of Plant Pathology. His research expertise include developing biological and natural based control strategies for postharvest diseases, microbiome of harvested commodities, mode of action of yeast biocontrol agents, pathogenicity mechanisms of Penicillium species on citrus and apple fruit and resistance mechanisms of fruits against postharvest pathogens. Prof. Droby has published more than 120 articles in peer-reviewed journals and 25 review articles and 27 book chapters on various topics related to postharvest pathology.

Affiliations and expertise

Senior Research Scientist, ARO, Volcani Center and Professor of Plant Pathology and postharvest Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Food Science, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel

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Microbiome Stimulants for Crops

Mechanisms and Applications

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James F. White

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