Microbial Diversity and Ecology in Hotspots

1st Edition - November 25, 2021
Imprint: Academic Press
Editors: Aparna Gunjal, Sonali Shinde
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 1 4 8 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 1 4 9 - 9

Microbial Diversity in Hotspots provides an introduction to microbial diversity and microbes in different hotspots and threatened areas. The book gives insights on extrem… Read more

Microbial Diversity and Ecology in Hotspots

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Microbial Diversity in Hotspots provides an introduction to microbial diversity and microbes in different hotspots and threatened areas. The book gives insights on extremophiles, phyllosphere and rhizosphere, covers fungal diversity, conservation and microbial association, focuses on biodiversity acts and policies, and includes cases studies. Microbes explored are from the coldest to the hottest areas of the world. Although hotspots are zones with extremely high microbiology activities, the knowledge of microbial diversity from these areas is very limited, hence this is a welcome addition to existing resources.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. Exploration of microbial ecology and diversity in hotspots
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Meaning of biodiversity, threats associated and need for its protection
1.3 Biodiversity hotspots: a brief overview
1.4 Tools for systematically studying the biodiversity hotspots through various aspects
1.5 Biodiversity hotspots and microbial ecology
1.6 Microbial hotspots: an overview
1.7 Microbial ecology: microbial habitats and the distribution of microbes
1.8 Microbial diversity indices: application in studying community ecology
1.9 Microbial composition and succession
1.10 Microbial interactions
1.11 Hotspots bioindicators/indicating unique environment of hotspots
1.12 Conclusion and way forward
References
Chapter 2. Habitat-specific microbial community associated with the biodiversity hotspot
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Biodiversity hotspot in the Indian continent
2.3 Factors affecting biodiversity hotspots in India
2.4 The Himalayas
2.5 The Indo-Burma region
2.6 The Sundaland
2.7 The Western Ghats
2.8 Approach to safeguard biodiversity hotspots in India
2.9 Habitat-specific microbes of hotspot region
2.10 Factors responsible for the diversity of habitat-specific microbial community in the Western Ghats
2.11 Habitat-specific microbes
2.12 The utility of microbial diversity
2.13 Importance of habitat-specific microorganisms in agriculture
2.14 Techniques used for assessing microbial diversity
2.15 Conclusion
2.16 Future prospects
References
Chapter 3. Microbial diversity and ecology of saline environments from India
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Microbial diversity of saline lakes of India
3.3 Microbial diversity of Indian deserts
3.4 Microbial diversity of Indian solar salterns and halite deposits
3.5 Conclusion and future outlook
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 4. Marine microbial hotspots—especially related to corals
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Symbiosis within the coral holobionts
4.3 Microhabitats of the coral microbiome
4.4 Profiling of coral-associated microbial diversity
4.5 Importance of coral microbiome for marine ecosystem
4.6 Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Chapter 5. Phyllosphere microbiomes: implications and ecofunctional diversity
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Leaf surface and microbial growth
5.3 Phyllosphere microbiome: nature and composition
5.4 Bacterial diversity in the phyllosphere
5.5 Fungal microbiota of phyllosphere
5.6 Actinomycetes diversity in phyllosphere
5.7 Microbial interaction and phyllosphere
5.8 Omics approaches and future prospective
References
Chapter 6. Fungal association in hotspot of rhizosphere
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Fungal association in rhizosphere
6.3 Outcomes of fungal rhizosphere association
6.4 Application of fungal rhizosphere association
6.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7. Diversity of actinomycetes in Western Ghats
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Actinomycetes
7.3 Habitat of actinomycetes
7.4 Growth of actinomycetes on different media
7.5 Diversity in enzyme production by actinomycetes isolated from the Western Ghats
7.6 Antimicrobial diversity of actinomycetes isolated from the Western Ghats
7.7 Biotechnological applications of actinomycetes from the Western Ghats
7.8 Conclusion
7.9 Future prospects
References
Chapter 8. Microbial diversity at the polluted sites
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Uranium
8.3 Thorium IV
8.4 Neptunium-237
8.5 Plutonium
8.6 Mechanisms involved in bioremediation
8.7 Biosorption
8.8 Bioaccumulation
8.9 Biotransformation
8.10 Biosolubilization
8.11 Bioprecipitation
8.12 Chelation
8.13 Complexation
8.14 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9. Microbial diversity in termite gut ecosystem and their role in lignocellulosic degradation
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Termite gut
9.3 Lignocellulose and their degradation in termites
9.4 Metagenomic approaches in termites for detecting glycosyl hydrolase genes for lignocellulosic degradation
9.5 Future perspectives of termites/their gut microbes in lignocellulosic degradation
9.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 10. Bacterial diversity from Garampani warm spring, Assam
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Methods
10.3 Results
10.4 Discussion
10.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 11. Diversity and biotechnological importance of cellulolytic microorganisms from biodiversity hotspots
Abstract
11.1 Lignocellulose: composition and availability
11.2 Lignocellulolytic enzyme system
11.3 Applications of ligninolytic enzymes
11.4 Applications of cellulolytic and xylanase enzymes
11.5 Diversity of culturable cellulolytic microbes
11.6 Metagenomic diversity of cellulolytic microbes
11.7 Metaproteomic analysis of cellulolytic microbes
11.8 Metatranscriptomic analysis of cellulolytic microbes
11.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12. Biodiversity of cold-adapted extremophiles from Antarctica and their biotechnological potential
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Biodiversity of extremophiles from Antarctica
12.3 Potential hotspots in Antarctica
12.4 Cold adaption mechanisms in psychrophiles
12.5 Biotechnological applications of psychrophiles from Antarctica
12.6 Bioremediation
12.7 Pharmaceutical and medical applications
12.8 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 13. Isolation methods for evaluation of extremophilic microbial diversity from Antarctica region
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Diversity of extremophilic organisms in Antarctic hotspot
13.3 Isolation and identification methodology
13.4 Future prospects
13.5 Concluding remarks
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 14. Recent advances in microbial databases with special reference to kinetoplastids
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Classification of biological databases
14.3 Global resources/comprehensive databases
14.4 Community/specialized databases
14.5 Future perspectives
14.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 15. Advances in sequencing technology, databases, and analyses tools for the assessment of microbial diversity
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Advances in sequencing technology
15.3 Development of databases
15.4 Advancements in analyses tools
15.5 How to study microbial diversity?
15.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 16. Legal protection of microbial biodiversity
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Biodiversity Hotspots: Introduction
16.3 Protection of microbial diversity in hotspot regions
16.4 Existing framework for the research and exploration of microbiome
16.5 Patents and microorganisms
16.6 Microbial access and research: pipeline
References
Index

Aparna Gunjal

Dr. Aparna B. Gunjal has completed her B.Sc. from Annasaheb Magar Mahavidyalaya, Hadapsar; M.Sc. from Modern College Arts, Commerce and Science College, Ganeshkhind and Ph.D in Environmental Sciences subject from Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India. She is working as Assistant Professor in Department of Microbiology at Dr. D.Y. Patil, Arts, Commerce and Science College, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India. Aparna has 66 publications to her credit. She has received 06 Awards for the Best Paper presentations and also received the travel grants. Aparna has also received Pune Municipal Corporation Award for excellent work in Applied Microbiology Research in 2015, The Elsevier Foundation - TWAS Sustainability Visiting Expert Programme” in 2018 and Young Researcher award with Innovative Technology. She has worked on composting aspect as a Senior Researcher Assistant at Hongkong Baptist University, Hongkong. Aparna is Reviewer for many Journals.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil, Arts, Commerce and Science College, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India

Sonali Shinde

Sonali S. Shinde is working as Assistant Professor at Annasaheb Kulkarni, Department of Biodiversity, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune, Maharashtra, India. Sonali completed her bachelor’s degree in Industrial Microbiology and Masters in Microbiology. She teaches courses in Microbial diversity, Molecular Biology, Environment Laws and Patents to Postgraduate students. She has supervised Master students for dissertation work. She was associated with several research projects in the Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology (IBB), National Center for Cell Sciences (NCCS) and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Unit for Research and Development of Information Products (CSIR- URDIP), Pune Maharashtra India. She has worked in experimental microbiology, systems biology, and procedures of patenting an invention. She has published research papers and book in International Journals of repute. Her research areas of interest are Natural Product Chemistry and interaction studies involving Microbial Diversity.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Annasaheb Kulkarni, Department of Biodiversity, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune, Maharashtra, India

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health