Microbial Biodegradation and Bioremediation

Microbial Biodegradation and Bioremediation: Techniques and Case Studies for Environmental Pollution, Second Edition describes the successful application of microbes and their derivatives for bioremediation of potentially toxic and relatively novel compounds in the environment. Our natural biodiversity and environment is in danger due to the release of continuously emerging potential pollutants by anthropogenic activities. Though many attempts have been made to eradicate and remediate these noxious elements, thousands of xenobiotics of relatively new entities emerge every day, thus worsening the situation. Primitive microorganisms are highly adaptable to toxic environments, and can reduce the load of toxic elements by their successful transformation and remediation.

This completely updated new edition presents many new technologies and techniques and includes theoretical context and case studies in every chapter. Microbial Biodegradation and Bioremediation: Techniques and Case Studies for Environmental Pollution, Second Edition serves as a single-source reference and encompasses all categories of pollutants and their applications in a convenient, comprehensive format for researchers in environmental science and engineering, pollution, environmental microbiology, and biotechnology.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
Preface
Part I: Toxicity of various pollutants and introduction to bioremediation
Chapter 1. Prospects and scope of microbial bioremediation for the restoration of the contaminated sites
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Recent advances in conventional remediation technologies
1.3 Biological treatment of pollutants: bioremediation
1.4 Selection criteria of microorganisms for the bioremediation
1.5 Applications of microorganisms for environmental restoration
1.6 Factors influencing the efficiency of bioremediation
1.7 Microbial bioremediation strategies
1.8 Future perspectives and challenges
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 2. Mechanism of toxicity and adverse health effects of environmental pollutants
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Types of pollutants
2.3 Sources and fate of pollutants in the environment
2.4 Human exposure to pollutants
2.5 Metabolic response of pollutants in the human body
2.6 Toxic effects of pollutants on human health
2.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3. The use of molecular tools to characterize functional microbial communities in contaminated areas
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Elucidating structure of microbial communities
3.3 Functional analysis of microbial communities
3.4 Determination of “in situ” abundance of microorganisms
3.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4. Fate and consequences of microplastics in the environment and their impact on biological organisms
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Residence time of microplastics in the environment
4.3 Impact on terrestrial organisms
4.4 Impact on aquatic organisms
4.5 Impact on human beings
4.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5. Metagenomic approaches to study the culture-independent bacterial diversity of a polluted environment—a case study on north-eastern coast of Bay of Bengal, India
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Metagenomics-based methodology for microbial diversity analysis
5.3 Bacterial diversity of natural versus polluted coastal ecosystem
5.4 Bacterial community composition in north-eastern coast of Bay of Bengal: the case study
5.5 Scope of metagenomic tools in the diversity analysis
5.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6. Constructing thermodynamic models of toxic metal biosorption
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Single species isotherms
6.3 Multisorption
6.4 Site-specific interactions
6.5 Electrical potential correction
6.6 Continuum approaches
References
Chapter 7. Biodegradation of organophosphates: biology and biotechnology
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
Acknowledgments
References
Further reading
Chapter 8. Pollutants in the coral environment and strategies to lower their impact on the functioning of reef ecosystem
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Pollutants and their impact on the reef ecosystem
8.3 Current and advance strategies for protecting reef ecosystem from pollution
8.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Part II: Role of diverse microorganisms in bioremediation
Chapter 9. Biology, genetic aspects and oxidative stress response of actinobacteria and strategies for bioremediation of toxic metals
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Actinobacteria: biology and genetic systems
9.3 Regulation of oxidative stress in actinobacteria
9.4 Metal detoxification and bioremediation
9.5 Bioremediation strategies using actinobacteria
9.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10. Bacterial and fungal bioremediation strategies
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Bioremediation considerations
10.3 Advantages and disadvantages of bioremediation
10.4 Microbial mechanisms of transformation of xenobiotic compounds
10.5 Screening of bacteria and white rot fungi for bioremediation applications for pesticides and crude oil
10.6 Degradation of pesticide mixtures and crude oil by bacteria and fungi
10.7 Inoculant production for soil incorporation of bioremedial fungi
10.8 Use of spent mushroom composts
10.9 Conclusions and future strategies
References
Chapter 11. Current trends in algal biotechnology for the generation of sustainable biobased products
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 What is bioprospecting?
11.3 Phycoremediation, microalgae, and bioprospecting
11.4 Isolation methods
11.5 Culturing the target strain(s)
11.6 Information garnered from the whole genome sequencing of lipid-producing microalgae
11.7 Bioinformatics resources to study lipid metabolic pathways in microalgae
References
Chapter 12. A review on microbial potential of toxic azo dyes bioremediation in aquatic system
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Bioremediation of azo dyes
12.3 Cyanobacterial remediation of azo dyes
12.4 Application of cyanobacteria derived nanoparticles to remove azo dye from aquatic phase
12.5 Limitations
12.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 13. Role of rhizosphere microbiome during phytoremediation of heavy metals
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Coping mechanism of microorganism to high concentrations of metals
13.3 The physiological effect of heavy metals in plants
13.4 Plant mechanisms to withstand with high concentrations of heavy metals
13.5 Plants with the ability to tolerate high concentrations of heavy metals: natural cases
13.6 Biotechnological contribution
13.7 Omics tools to understand plant–microorganism association during phytoremediation
13.8 Functional and taxonomic diversity of root-associated bacteria in heavy metal hyperaccumulating plants: a case study
References
Chapter 14. Recent advancements in microbial bioremediation of industrial effluents: challenges and future outlook
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Industrial effluents and toxicity
14.3 Remediation: a microbial perspective
14.4 Emerging strategies for bioremediation of industrial effluents
14.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 15. Potential of anaerobic bacteria in bioremediation of metal-contaminated marine and estuarine environment
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Principle and biochemistry of bioremediation
15.3 Mechanisms of metal remediation by microorganism
15.4 Metal degradation by bacteria
15.5 Genetically modified bacteria in metal bioremediation
15.6 Bioremediation of metals in marine and estuarine environments
15.7 Bioremediation of mercury—a case study
15.8 Significance of anaerobic bacteria in mercury bioremediation
15.9 Biosorption by mercury-resistant anaerobic bacteria—case study from a tropical estuary
15.10 Discussion
15.11 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 16. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria-assisted bioremediation of toxic contaminant: recent advancements and applications
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Pesticides
16.3 Environmental fate of pesticides
16.4 Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria
16.5 Bioremediation of pesticides by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria
16.6 Conclusion and future prospects
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 17. Cyanobacterial and microalgal bioremediation: an efficient and eco-friendly approach toward industrial wastewater treatment and value-addition
Abstract
17.1 Introduction
17.2 General characteristics
17.3 Cyanobacteria in bioremediation
17.4 Microalgae in bioremediation
17.5 Cyanobacterial bioremediation of various industrial wastewaters
17.6 Phycoremediation of industrial wastewater
17.7 Cyanobacteria: value-added products
17.8 Microalgae: value-added products
17.9 Merits and demerits of algal bioremediation technology
17.10 Case studies
17.11 Future prospective and conclusions
References
Part III: Various pollutants and their bioremediation strategies
Chapter 18. Microbial degradation of aromatic pollutants: metabolic routes, pathway diversity, and strategies for bioremediation
Abstract
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Aromatic compounds: properties and sources
18.3 Impact of aromatic pollutants on planetary health
18.4 Microbes involved in aromatic compound degradation
18.5 Bacterial metabolism of aromatic compounds
18.6 Bioremediation: strategies to remove pollutants
18.7 Roadblocks/factors affecting bioremediation
18.8 Future directions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 19. Microbial bioremediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil for sustainable agriculture
Abstract
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Chromium production and toxicity
19.3 Microbial bioremediation of Cr(VI) toxicity
19.4 Impact of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil in agriculture
19.5 Case study
19.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 20. Microbial bioremediation of aquaculture effluents
Abstract
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Microbes as bioremediators
20.3 Limitations of microbial bioremediation
20.4 Multitrophic bioremediation systems: a sustainable alternative
20.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 21. Transport and disposal of radioactive wastes in nuclear industry
Abstract
21.1 Introduction
21.2 The nuclear fuel cycle
21.3 Classification of radioactive wastes
21.4 Radioactive waste management or treatment of radioactive waste
21.5 Transport of radioactive wastes in the environment
21.6 Decontamination of radioactive waste
21.7 Biological decontamination of radioactive waste
21.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 22. Biofilm-mediated biodegradation of hydrophobic organic compounds in the presence of metals as co-contaminants
Abstract
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Hydrophobic organic compounds: a class of persistent organic pollutants
22.3 Metals: as coexisting contaminant
22.4 Microbial interactions with HOCs and metal contaminants
22.5 Biofilms for the rescue
22.6 Remedial mechanism for combined pollutants
22.7 Engineered biofilms and genomic approaches
22.8 Factors affecting biofilm-mediated remediation for mixed pollutants
22.9 Conclusion
22.10 Challenges and future perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 23. Factors affecting the bioremediation of industrial and domestic wastewaters
Abstract
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Factors affecting bioremediation of domestic/industrial wastewater: analysis
23.3 Main aspects influencing the bioremediation of domestic and industrial wastewater
23.4 Effectiveness of contaminants removal mechanisms
23.5 Type of microorganisms
23.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 24. Organophosphate pesticide: usage, environmental exposure, health effects, and microbial bioremediation
Abstract
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Usages and associated health risks
24.3 Human population’s exposure to organophosphorus pesticide
24.4 Pharmacology and toxicology
24.5 Clinical effects: toxicological analyses and biomedical investigations
24.6 Removal of organophosphorus pesticides from the environment
24.7 Microbial mediated organophosphorus pesticide biodegradation
24.8 Evaluating the significance of organophosphorus pesticide degrading enzymes
24.9 Conclusion
References
Part IV: Advanced bioremediation strategies
Chapter 25. Feasibility of using bioelectrochemical systems for bioremediation
Abstract
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Bioelectrochemical system configurations, microbial processes, and remediation
25.3 Anodic remediation
25.4 Cathodic remediation
25.5 Current state and challenges
References
Chapter 26. Electrochemical biosensors for monitoring of bioorganic and inorganic chemical pollutants in biological and environmental matrices
Abstract
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Types of inorganic pollutants and their source
26.3 Electrochemical biosensor for ammonia detection
26.4 Electrochemical biosensors for SO2, HSO3−, and SO3−
26.5 Electrochemical biosensors for hydrogen sulfide detection
26.6 Electrochemical biosensors for chloride and fluoride ion determination
26.7 Organic pollutants and electrochemical biosensors for their quantification
26.8 Electrochemical biosensors for azo dyes
26.9 Electrochemical biosensors for aromatics nitro compounds
26.10 Electrochemical biosensors for phenolic compounds
26.11 Electrochemical biosensors for pesticide detection
26.12 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Declaration of competing interest
References
Chapter 27. Bioelectrochemical system for environmental remediation of toxicants
Abstract
27.1 Bioelectrochemical system for bioremediation
27.2 Configurations of bioelectrochemical system for environmental remediation
27.3 Microbial community and biocompatible electrodes for bioelectrochemical system
27.4 Principle of remediation by bioelectrochemical system
27.5 Bioelectrochemical system for treatment of wastewater
27.6 Bioelectrochemical system for treatment of solid waste and semisolid waste
27.7 BES for carbon capture and flue gas treatment
27.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 28. Biofilm-mediated bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: current status and future perspectives
Abstract
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: sources and toxicity
28.3 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons biodegradation: metabolic and genomic aspect
28.4 Bacterial biofilms
28.5 Fidelity of biofilms in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons bioremediation
28.6 Biofilm omics insights into polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons bioremediation
28.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 29. Extremophilic nature of microbial ligninolytic enzymes and their role in biodegradation
Abstract
29.1 Introduction
29.2 Extremophilic ligninolytic enzymes
29.3 Role of extremophilic ligninolytic enzymes in bioremediation
29.4 Conclusion and future prospects
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 30. Marine hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria: their role and application in oil-spill response and enhanced oil recovery
Abstract
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Diversity of marine hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria
30.3 Use of marine hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in oil spill cleanup
30.4 Use of marine hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in enhanced oil recovery
30.5 Research needs
References
Chapter 31. Nanoremediation of toxic contaminants from the environment: challenges and scopes
Abstract
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Different kinds of remediation
31.3 Limitations of traditional remediation methods
31.4 Nanoremediation: an alternative for traditional remediation processes
31.5 Nanotoxicity and fate of nanomaterials in the environment
31.6 Conclusion
References
Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Microbial Biodegradation and Bioremediation

Techniques and Case Studies for Environmental Pollution

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Surajit Das

Hirak Ranjan Dash

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