Micro Fluidization
Fundamentals and Applications
- 1st Edition - May 20, 2023
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Authors: Guangwen Xu, Dingrong Bai, Mingyan Liu, Vladimir Zivkovic
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 8 7 1 8 - 6
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 8 7 1 9 - 3
Micro Fluidization: Fundamentals and Applications provides background and history on micro fluidized bed research and development, summarizes and analyzes the hydrodynamic c… Read more
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Micro Fluidization: Fundamentals and Applications provides background and history on micro fluidized bed research and development, summarizes and analyzes the hydrodynamic characteristics of gas-solid micro fluidized beds, and delves into areas such as research results of delayed onsets of minimum, bubbling and slugging fluidization regimes, as well as of the advanced transitions to turbulent and fast fluidization regimes. Based on these results, the wall effects – the key mechanism resulting in the unique behavior of micro fluidization – are analyzed. Other sections discuss gas and solid mixing characteristics in terms of gas residence time distribution, gas backmixing, and solids mixing.
Final sections focus on presentations of the so-called micro fluidized bed reaction analyzer (MFBRA) – a powerful tool for catalyst screening, process development, optimization of reaction parameters, studies of reaction mechanism and kinetics, among many other purposes. The book describes, in detail, the MFBRA’s system design characteristics, analytic methodologies and various applications in thermochemical and catalytic reaction analysis.
- Includes up-to-date information (all related research results and insights) on micro fluidized beds, including how they are comprehensively summarized and analyzed
- Describes and explains the unique characteristics of micro fluidized beds
- Covers the fundamental aspects and applications related to gas-solids, liquid-solids, and gas-liquid-solids micro fluidized beds
- Provides up-to-date and potential applications of micro fluidized beds
Students, researchers, engineers, and readers who study or work in areas of microchemical engineering, thermal analysis, fluidized beds, thermochemical conversions, multiphase flows, etc., and/or in process industries such as chemical, materials, energy, metallurgy, environment, minerals
1: Introduction
1.1 Fluidization and fluidized bed
1.2 Typical ∆PB ~ Ug relationship
1.3 Geldart powder classification
1.4 Gas-solid fluidization regimes
1.5 Fluidization applications
1.6 Miniaturization of fluidized beds
1.7 Micro fluidized bed applications
1.8 Sources of information on micro fluidization
Nomenclature
References
2: Fundamentals of micro gas-solid fluidization
2.1 Bed pressure drops in micro fluidized beds
2.1.1 The bed pressure drop overshoot
2.1.2 The bed pressure drop offset
2.1.3 Deviation from the Ergun equation
2.2 Mechanistic analysis of the wall effects
2.2.1 The wall frictional force
2.2.2 Increase in bed voidage
2.2.3 Inhomogeneous flow
2.3 Discussions on the wall effects
2.4 More influencing factors
2.4.1 Influence of particle diameter
2.4.2 Influence of gas properties
2.4.3 Influence of temperature
Nomenclature
References
3: Gas and solid mixing
3.1 Experimental and analytic techniques
3.1.1 Gas residence time distribution
3.1.2 Axial dispersion model
3.2 Gas mixing
3.2.1 Gas residence time distribution
3.2.2 Axial gas dispersion coefficient
3.2.3 Two-phase model analysis
3.2.4 A criterion for the plug flow of gas in micro fluidized beds
3.3 Solid mixing
3.3.1 Solid mixing simulation
3.3.2 Particle feeding simulation
Nomenclature
References
4: Micro fluidization regimes
4.1 Experimental observations
4.2 Fixed bed
4.3 Minimum fluidization velocity
4.3.1 Factors influencing Umf
4.3.2 Prediction of minimum fluidization velocity
4.4 Particulate fluidization
4.5 Bubbling fluidized bed
4.5.1 The onset of bubbling fluidization
4.5.2 Prediction of minimum bubbling velocity
4.5.3 Bubble size
4.6 Slugging Fluidized Bed
4.6.1 The onset of slugging fluidization
4.6.2 Prediction of slugging velocity
4.7 Turbulent fluidized bed
4.7.1 The onset of turbulent fluidization
4.7.2 Prediction of transition velocity
4.8 Distinction between micro and macro fluidized beds
4.9 Fluidization regime map for micro fluidized beds
Nomenclature
References
5: Hydrodynamic modelling in micro fluidized beds
5.1 CFD modelling approaches
5.2 Two-fluid method
5.2.1 TFM formulation
5.2.2 TFM simulations and validations
5.2.3 TFM predicted MFB hydrodynamics
5.3 The discrete element method
5.3.1 Model formulation
5.3.2 DEM simulations and validations
5.3.3 DEM predicted MFB hydrodynamics
5.4 A brief discussion and future perspective
Nomenclature
References
6: Micro reactors for thermal analysis of gas-solids thermochemical reactions
6.1 Thermal analysis approaches
6.1.1 Thermochemical reaction pathways
6.1.2 General requirements for thermal analysis approaches
6.2 Micro reactors for thermal analysis
6.2.1 General approaches and requirements
6.2.2 Classification of micro reactors
6.3. Furnace heating micro reactors
6.3.1 Micro fixed bed reactor
6.3.2 Gas pulsed microreactor
6.3.3 Thermogravimetric analyzer
6.3.4 The single and tandem μ-reactors
6.3.5 Drop-tube reactor
6.3.6 Catalyst cell fluidized bed reactor
6.4 Resistively heated micro reactors
6.4.1 Wire mesh reactor
6.4.2 Curie point reactor
6.4.3 Pulse-heated analysis of solid reaction reactor
6.4.4 Microprobe reactor
6.5 Particle bed heating micro reactors
6.5.1 Micro spouted bed reactor
6.5.2 Micro fluidized bed reactor
6.6. Other non-resistively heating micro reactors
6.6.1 Microwave microreactor
6.6.2 Laser ablation reactor
6.6.3 Thermal plasma reactor
6.7. Remarks
Nomenclature
References
7: System of micro fluidized bed reaction analysis
7.1 System configurations
7.1.1 Micro fluidized bed reaction analysis system configuration
7.1.2 Micro fluidized bed reactor design
7.1.3 Solid sample feeding method
7.1.4 Liquid sample feeding method
7.1.5 Online gas sampling and analysis
7.1.6 Online particle sampling
7.1.7 Change of reaction atmosphere
7.2 Kinetic data analysis
7.2.1 Data acquisition
7.2.2 Data processing
7.2.3 Kinetic modelling
7.3 New developments in MFBRA
7.3.1 MFB thermogravimetric analyzer
7.3.2 Induction heating MFB
7.3.3 External force assistance
7.3.4 Micro spouted bed reaction analyzers
7.3.5 Membrane-assisted micro fluidized beds
7.3.6 Other developments
Nomenclature
References
8: Characteristics of micro fluidized bed reaction analyzers
8.1 Approaching intrinsic kinetics
8.1.1 High heating and cooling rates
8.1.2 Effective suppression of diffusion
8.1.3 Nearly plug flow of gas
8.1.4 Bed homogeneity
8.1.5 Applied kinetics
8.2 Understanding reaction mechanism
8.2.1 Revealing the true character of fast reactions
8.2.2 Detecting intermediary reactions
8.2.3 Decoding the reaction mechanism
8.2.4 Reactions with in/ex situ solid particles
8.2.5 Non-isothermal differentia applications
8.3 Reactions under water vapor atmosphere
8.3.1 High moisture content feedstocks
8.3.2 Reactions with steam as reactants
8.4 Sampling and characterization of solid particles during a reaction process
8.5 Multistage gas−solid reaction processes
8.6 Reaction kinetics under product gas inhibitory atmospheres
8.6.1 Isotope tagging method
8.6.2. Comparisons between micro fluidized bed and thermogravimeter
Nomenclature
References
9: Applications of micro fluidized beds
9.1 Drying
9.2 Adsorption
9.2.1 CO2 capture using capsulated liquid sorbents
9.2.2 CO2 capture using solid adsorbents
9.2.3 CO2 capture by gas-solid reactions
9.3 Catalytic reaction
9.3.1 Catalytic gas reaction
9.3.2 Catalytic gas-solid reaction
9.4 Thermal decomposition
9.4.1 Liquid decomposition
9.4.3 Solid decomposition
9.5 Pyrolysis
9.5.1 Biomass pyrolysis
9.5.2 Coal and oil shale pyrolysis
9.5.3 Blended material pyrolysis
9.6 Thermal cracking
9.7 Gasification
9.7.1 Biomass gasification
9.7.2 Coal gasification
9.7.3 In/ex situ char gasification
9.8 Combustion
9.8.1 Decoupling combustion
9.8.2 Oxy-fuel combustion
9.8.3 Chemical looping combustion
9.8.4 In/ex-situ chart combustion
9.9 Reduction
9.9.1 Iron ore reduction 346
9.9.2 Nitrogen oxide reduction by tar
9.9.3 WO3 reduction-sulfurization
9.10 Other reactions
Nomenclature
References
10 Essential roles of MFBR in industrial development
10.1 Advanced combustion with low-NOx emissions
10.1.1 Low-NOx combustion technologies
10.1.2 Reactivity of char particles
10.1.3 NOx reduction of pyrolysis tar
10.1.4 Pilot experiments
10.1.5 Commercial applications
10.2 Advanced dual bed gasification
10.2.1 Gasification technologies
10.2.2 Reactivity of char gasification
10.2.3 Tar thermal and catalytic cracking
10.2.4 Commercial applications
10.3 Light calcination of magnesite using transported bed
10.3.1 Existing technology and equipment
10.3.2 Kinetic analysis of magnesite calcination
10.3.3 Advanced process with transport bed reactor
10.3.4 Engineering implementation of 400 kt/a process
10.3.5 Typical performance of industrial plant
Nomenclature
References
11 Characterization of liquid-solid micro-fluidized beds
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Hydrodynamics properties
11.2.1 Manufacturing methods
11.2.2 Minimum fluidization velocity
11.2.3 Mixing
11.2.4 Mass transfer
11.3 Applications
11.3.1 Chemical conversions
11.3.2 Bioprocessing and bioproduction
11.3.3 Other applications
11.3.4 Challenges and prospects for MFB scaling-up
11.4 Conclusion
Nomenclature
References
12: Characterization of gas-liquid-solid micro fluidized beds
12.1 Hydrodynamics
12.1.1 Pressure drop
12.1.2 Minimum fluidization velocity
12.1.3 Bed expansion behaviour
12.1.4 Bubble size and distribution
12.1.5 Bubble terminal velocity distribution
12.1.6 Bubble terminal velocity
12.2 Fluidization regime characteristics
12.2.1 Flow regimes
12.2.2 Regime transitions
12.2 Applications
12.2.1 Chemical reactions
1) Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB)
2) Catalytic oxidation of crotonaldehyde to croconic acid
12.2.2 Other applications
12.3 Summary
Nomenclature
References
- Edition: 1
- Published: May 20, 2023
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Language: English
GX
Guangwen Xu
Dr. Guangwen Xu is is President & Chair Professor at Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, China, and a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng), UK. Dr. Xu is an active scientist and researcher distinguished for his academic leadership and pioneering work in chemical engineering, especially thermochemical reaction processes to convert fossil and renewable resources into value-added products. He kick-started the micro fluidization research and is the key developer of micro fluidized bed reaction analyzers (MFBRA). Professor Xu established the scientific discipline of Engineering Thermochemistry (ETC) and currently takes leadership roles in the world, national, and regional ETC societies. He is the founder of the prestigious International Symposium on Gasification and its Application (iSGA) and several other international and national conferences. Dr. Xu has authored over 400 peer-reviewed publications and 130 granted patents. He has received several international, Chinese ministerial, and provincial awards for his outstanding academic contributions to the field. He is the Editor-in-Chief of the journals Carbon Resources Conversion (CRC) and Resources Chemicals and Materials (RCM) and the editorial board member of several scientific journals.
Affiliations and expertise
Shenyang University of Chemical Technology (SYUCT), Director of Key Laboratory on Resources Chemicals and Materials of Ministry of Education, and Adjunct Professor of the Institute of Process Engineering (IPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), ChinaDB
Dingrong Bai
Dr. Dingrong Bai is a Professor of Chemical Engineering and Technology at Shenyang University of Chemical Technology. He has more than 30 years of experience in teaching, research, and technology development in chemical engineering, hydrogen fuels, solid waste conversion, and thermochemical conversion processes. His working experience spans academics and industries, with extensive knowledge of fluidization and particle technology. He has led several research and development projects, some of which have been successfully commercialized. He has authored nearly 200 peer-reviewed scientific papers and patents, three fluidization book chapters, and some professional and technical reports on various scientific and technological subjects. Dr. Bai’s current research interests include clean coal technologies, high-temperature fluidization, and advanced thermochemical conversion processes and systems.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, ChinaML
Mingyan Liu
Dr. Mingyan Liu is a professor of Chemical Engineering and Technology at Tianjin University (China) and the leader of the Multiphase Flow and Transfer Process Intensification Research Group of the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering. As a world-leading expert in multiphase chemical reaction engineering, especially liquid-solids and gas-liquid-solids fluidization, he has been deeply involved in research on micro-liquid-solid and micro gas-liquid-solid fluidized bed reactors. He is one of the leading scientists worldwide in this new field. He was once a member of the Council of the Chinese Society of Particuology, a member of the Process Simulation Committee, and a senior member of the Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China (CIESC). His research achievements in multiphase chemical reaction engineering, heat transfer process enhancement, and energy-saving have been well documented in his more than 100 scientific research papers and 20 patents. He has received many awards from University and National organizations and was the shortlisted IChemE Innovator of the 2011 Year Award.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, ChinaVZ
Vladimir Zivkovic
Dr. Vladimir Zivkovic is a lecturer of Chemical Engineering at Newcastle University (UK) and a member of the world's largest Process Intensification Group within the Chemical Engineering Discipline at the School of Engineering. He is an active scientist and researcher in the field of particle technology & granular flow with a particular interest in the general intensification of solids processing including micro-fluidization technology where he is one of the first researchers and world leader in the field. Dr Zivkovic has authored more than 50 peer-reviewed scientific papers in high-quality international journals. He was a member of the Youth Editorial Committee and is currently an Editorial Committee Member of the Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering (CJChE). His current research interests include the study of granular dynamics using advanced laser-based techniques, intensified toroidal fluidization (TORBED) and the application of micro-fluidized beds for carbon capture and bioprocessing
Affiliations and expertise
Lecturer, Dept Chemical Engineering, Newcastle University, (UK)Read Micro Fluidization on ScienceDirect