Methods in Virology

List of Contributors

Preface

Contents of Other Volumes

Chapter 1—Analysis of Protein Constituents of Viruses

I. Introduction

II. Chemical Methods for Characterization of Virus Proteins

III. Physical Methods for Characterization of Virus Proteins

IV. Amino Acid-Sequence Analysis of Virus Proteins

V. Renaturation of Virus Proteins and Reconstitution of Viruses

References

Chapter 2—Analysis of Lipid Components of Viruses

I. Introduction

II. Lipid Methodology

III. Applications of Existing Methodology to Lipid-Containing Viruses

IV. Summary

References

Chapter 3—RNA Virus RNA Polymerase: Detection, Purification, and Properties

I. Introduction

II. Detection

III. Purification

IV. Properties of the Qβ-RNA Polymerase

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 4—Immunological Techniques for Animal Viruses

I. Introduction

II. Neutralization Test

III. Hemagglutination (HA) and Hemagglutination-Inhibition (HI) Tests

IV. Complement-Fixation (CF) Test

V. Fluorescent-Antibody (FA) Techniques

VI. Immunodiffusion

VII. Other Tests

References

Chapter 5—Serological Techniques for Plant Viruses

I. The Preparation of Reagents

II. The Precipitation Reaction

III. Modifications of the Precipitation Reaction

IV. Other Types of Serological Tests

V. The Quantitative Estimation of Viruses

VI. The Estimation of Antibody Concentration

VII. Methods for Determining Serological Relationships Between Plant Viruses

VIII. Labeled Antibody Methods

References

Chapter 6—The Plaque Assay of Animal Viruses

I. Introduction

II. General Consideration of the Plaque Assay Method

III. Preparation of Media

IV. Preparation of Cell Suspensions

V. Virus-Dilution Media and Procedures

VI. Culture Containers

VII. Monolayer Assay Methods

VIII. Agar Cell-Suspension Methods

IX. Incubation and Staining of Plates and Counting of Plaques

X. Special Uses of the Plaque Assay Method

XI. Some Recent Developments

XII. Methods for Individual Viruses

XIII. Some Sources of Difficulty

References

Chapter 7—Transformation Assays

I. Introduction

II. Principles of Assays for Transforming Activity

III. Assay Methods for Particular Viruses

References

Chapter 8—Methods for Selecting RNA Bacteriophage

I. Introduction

II. General Techniques

III. Selection Techniques

IV. Identification of the Nucleic Acid

References

Chapter 9—Structural Studies of Viruses

I. The Scope of the Article

II. Principles of Design of Viruses

III. Interpretation of Electron Micrographs

IV. Introduction to the Theory of Diffraction

V. X-ray Diffraction from Virus Crystals

VI. Low-Angle X-ray Diffraction in Solution

VII. X-ray Diffraction from Orientated Rod Viruses

VIII. Comparison of X-ray and Electron Microscope Techniques

References

Chapter 10—Microscopic Techniques

I. Fluorescent-Antibody Techniques

II. Staining with Acridine Orange

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 11—Electron Microscopy of Isolated VirusParticles and Their Components

I. Some General Remarks on the Application of the Electron Microscope to the Study of Biological Structure at the Macromolecular Level

II. Specimen-Support Films

III. Mounting of Isolated Virus Particles and Components

IV. Shadow-Casting Techniques

V. Replica Techniques

VI. Positive Staining of Virus Particles and Their Components

VII. The Application of Negative Staining Techniques to the Study of Virus Structure

VIII. Particle Counting

IX. Calibration of the Electron Microscope

X. Conclusion

References

Chapter 12—The Application of Thin Sectioning

I. Introduction

II. History

III. Fixation

IV. Embedding

V. Sectioning

VI. Specimen Grids and Supporting Film

VII. Staining

VIII. The Electron Microscope

IX. Ancillary Techniques

X. Conclusion

XI. Illustrations

References

Chapter 13—Autoradiographic Methods for Electron Microscopy

I. Specimen

II. The Emulsions

III. Description of the Technique

IV. Quantitative Aspects of Electron Autoradiography

V. Advantages and Limitations of This Method

References

Author Index

Subject Index