Method of process systems in energy systems: Current system part I

1st Edition, Volume 8 - October 10, 2024
Imprint: Academic Press
Editors: Faisal Khan, Efstratios Pistikopoulos, Zaman Sajid
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 9 7 7 4 - 8
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 9 7 7 5 - 5

Method of Process Systems in Energy Systems: Current System Part 1, Volume Eight, the latest release in the Methods in Chemical Process Safety series, highlights new advanc… Read more

Method of process systems in energy systems: Current system part I

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Method of Process Systems in Energy Systems: Current System Part 1, Volume Eight, the latest release in the Methods in Chemical Process Safety series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors.

Method of Process Systems in Energy Systems: Current System Part 1
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
About the editors
Preface
Chapter One An overview of control methods for process operational safety and cybersecurity
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction to process operational safety and cybersecurity
1.1 Methods for solving safety issues
1.2 Methods for cybersecurity
2 Preliminaries
2.1 Class of nonlinear systems
2.2 Stability and Control Lyapunov Functions
2.3 Problem formulation and definition of safety
2.4 Description and impact of cyberattacks
3 Safe control methods
3.1 Control barrier functions and control Lyapunov-barrier function
3.2 CLBF-based model predictive control
3.3 CLBF-based reinforcement learning for optimal control
3.4 Practical implementation issues and challenges for CLBF-based control
3.5 Application to a chemical process example
4 Encrypted model predictive control
4.1 Overview of encrypted control
4.2 Quantization
4.3 Encrypted MPC
4.4 Encrypted DMPC for a chemical process network
4.5 Encrypted two-tier and two-layer control frameworks
4.6 Application to a chemical process example
5 Conclusion
References
Chapter Two Human-AI collaboration for enhanced safety
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Evolution of human-AI collaboration
2.1 Development of human-AI system
2.2 Applications of human-AI collaboration
2.3 Level of human-AI collaboration
2.4 Topics associated with human-AI collaboration
3 Emerging risks from human-AI collaboration
3.1 Human reliability: Addressing the weakest link
3.2 AI reliability and accountability
3.3 Human-AI conflict
3.4 Who has higher authority
4 How humans collaborate with AI for safety
4.1 Complementary strength
4.2 Shared responsibility
4.3 Responsive communication
4.4 Proactive risk prediction
4.5 Collaboration for conflict resolution
5 Future direction of human-AI collaboration for safety
6 Conclusions
Appendix
References
Chapter Three Ethics in AI for energy systems safety
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
1.1 Brief overview of AI applications in the energy sector
1.2 Importance of AI ethics in the energy sector
2 Understanding AI ethics
2.1 Ethical framework
2.2 Implementing AI ethics in the energy sector
3 The impact of ethical consideration on technology innovation
4 Future study requirements of AI ethics
4.1 Development of ethical AI frameworks
4.2 Assessment of long-term impacts of AI on society
5 Integration of ethical principles into AI development
6 Conclusion
References
Chapter Four An operability-based approach for integrated process design, operations, and risk management
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Methodology: An operability-based approach for risk management
Step 1: Process and risk modeling of the safety-critical system
Step 2: Integrating risk index into steady-state operability-based process design
Step 3: Incorporating dynamic operability and risk analyses to enhance process operational safety
3 Case study: T2 CSTR risk management
3.1 Process description
3.2 Reactor modeling and simulation
3.3 Steady-state analysis
3.4 Dynamic analysis
4 Conclusions and ongoing work
Declaration of AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process
References
Chapter Five Integration of process safety principles in energy system design
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 The complexity of energy systems design and influencing factors
2.1 The complexity of energy systems design and safety
2.2 The evolution of industry's impact on energy system design
2.3 The impact of safety science development on energy system desgin
2.4 Insights from NPPs design practices
3 System life cycle and energy system design process
4 Integrated safety life cycle with energy system design process
5 Process safety principles in design of energy systems
5.1 Five basic countermeasures
5.2 Barriers and defense in depth
5.3 Redundancy and diversity
5.4 Safety functions
5.5 Passive safety
5.6 A summary for energy systems and the basic countermeasures
6 The challenges and opportunities for further improvement in energy systems design for safety
6.1 The emerging challenges for further improvement in energy system design for safety
6.2 The opportunities for further improvement in energy system design for safety
7 Conclusions
References
Chapter Six Integration of cyber-physical systems for safe energy control
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Directed randomization
2.1 A review of the directed randomization concept
2.2 Directed randomization applied to a single-input/single-output system
2.3 Reachable set computation
3 The diagnosis problem
3.1 Diagnosis with a directed randomization approach
3.2 Diagnosis with a reachable set approach
3.3 Obscured dynamics
3.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Seven Cyber-physical systems in chemical and energy processes
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Components and architecture of cyber-physical systems
2.1 Components of cyber-physical systems
2.2 Architecture of cyber-physical systems
2.3 Integration of sensors, actuators, and computational systems
3 Applications of cyber-physical integration in energy systems
3.1 CPS integration in chemical process design
3.2 CPS integration in renewable energy systems
3.3 CPS integration in process safety and reliability
4 Challenges and future directions
4.1 Advanced modeling and control optimization algorithms
4.2 Artificial intelligence (AI) and Machine learning (ML) for data analytics
4.3 Data security and privacy concerns
4.4 Interoperability and standardization
4.5 Scalability and complexity management
5 Cyber-physical prototype for safer energy production—An example via a modeling and optimization framework
6 Conclusion
References
Chapter Eight Advanced system control strategies for enhanced safety and efficiency of energy systems
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 A dynamic risk-based control and optimization framework
Step 1 Dynamic process and risk modeling
Step 2 Model reduction
Step 3 Dynamic risk-based control
Step 4 Safety and economics optimizer
3 Case studies
Case study 1: Tank level control
Case study 2: CSTR at T2 laboratories
4 Conclusions and ongoing work
References
Chapter Nine Decentralized control strategies for energy systems safety
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics
3 Operable adaptive sparse identification of systems
4 OASIS-based process control
4.1 OASIS-based MPC
4.2 OASIS-based Lyapunov-based MPC
5 OASIS-based process monitoring
5.1 Dynamic risk assessment
5.2 Fault prediction
5.3 Identification of faulty variables using contribution plots
5.4 Example case study
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Appendix
References
Chapter Ten Maintenance practices in energy systems operations
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction to maintenance
1.2 Introduction to reliability and availability
1.3 Data collection and data-driven decision-making
1.4 Maintenance practices
2 Maintenance optimization
3 Optimized prescriptive maintenance frameworks
4 Maintenance programs
4.1 Risk-based inspection
4.2 Failure mode and effects analysis
5 Conclusion
References
Further reading
Chapter Eleven Probabilistic, data-driven, property-based Inherently Safer Design Tool (i-SDT)
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
1.1 Advancing process safety through inherent design principles
1.2 Integrating safety in early process design: Balancing costs and risks
1.3 Leveraging historical incident data and big data for safety enhancements
1.4 The critical role of property-based operational information in safety design
1.5 Safety metrics classification and the role of i-SDT
1.6 Objectives and structure of the chapter
2 Inherently Safer Design Tool (i-SDT)
2.1 i-SDT methodology
2.2 Integration of i-SDT into the design process
3 Illustrative instances showcasing the implementation of i-SDT
3.1 Using i-SDT to assess the inherent safety of ammonia processing
3.2 Application of i-SDT for safer flare management operation
3.3 Retrofitting design of GTL process with i-SDT
3.4 Leveraging i-SDT for strategic safety enhancements in Formaldehyde storage
4 Future directions and technological enhancements
5 Conclusions
References
Chapter Twelve Life cycle assessment and sustainability of energy systems
Abstract
Keywords
1 Sustainability
1.1 What is sustainability?
1.2 Why is sustainability important?
2 Sustainability measurement
2.1 Why is sustainability measurement important?
2.2 How is sustainability measured?
3 Life cycle assessment
3.1 What is LCA?
3.2 Why is LCA important?
3.3 New applications of LCA
4 Life cycle assessment of energy systems
4.1 Nuclear energy
4.2 Ocean energy
4.3 Offshore wind energy
4.4 Onshore wind energy
4.5 Waste-to-energy
4.6 Solar photovoltaic energy
4.7 Biomass energy
4.8 Comparative studies
4.9 Discussion of energy production LCA
4.10 Energy storage
4.11 Hydrogen production
4.12 Battery storage
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Chapter Thirteen Supply chain resilience and safety for the energy sector
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Next-gen resilience to support sustainable energy supply chains: Motivations and challenges
2.1 Importance of supply chain resilience for the energy sector
2.2 Potential vulnerabilities in diversified energy supply chains
2.3 Relationship between resilience and sustainability
3 State-of-the-art in process safety: A critical synthesis
3.1 Proactive strategies (overdesign and design for “controlled” failure)
3.2 Early detection for system failures and safeguards
3.3 Risk assessment
4 Bridging advances in resilience and safety
5 Motivating case study
5.1 Key model features
5.2 Case study results and discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Further reading
Chapter Fourteen Safety and risk assessment considerations in the energy supply chains
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Supply chain risk management
2 Process safety risk assessment for supply chains
2.1 Risk matrix
2.2 Index/indicator-based approach
2.3 Fault trees, event trees, bow-tie analysis, and bayesian networks
2.4 Other approaches
3 Overview of energy supply chains
4 Petroleum
4.1 Upstream extraction
4.2 Midstream storage and transportation
4.3 Downstream refining and distribution
4.4 Future research directions
5 Renewable energy
5.1 Wind energy
5.2 Solar energy
5.3 Geothermal energy
5.4 Hydro energy
5.5 Biomass
5.6 Future research directions
6 Nuclear energy
6.1 Nuclear power plant safety
6.2 Future research directions
7 Emerging supply chains
7.1 Hydrogen
7.2 Carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS)
7.3 Energy storage technologies
7.4 Offshore energy
8 Concluding remarks
References
Chapter Fifteen Incident investigation in energy system operations
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Incident investigation
3 Process safety management systems
4 Fossil fuels
4.1 Coal
4.2 Oil
4.3 Natural gas
5 Batteries
6 Bioenergy
7 Hydroelectric
8 Hydrogen
9 Nuclear
10 Photovoltaic
11 Tidal
12 Wind
13 Concluding remarks
References

Faisal Khan

Faisal Khan is a Chemical Engineering Professor and Director of the Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center and the Ocean Energy Safety Institute, Texas A &M University. He is the founder of the Centre for Risk Integrity and Safety Engineering (C-RISE), a Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering, the Engineering Institute of Canada, and the Canadian Society of Chemical Engineering. His areas of research interest include offshore safety and risk engineering, inherent safety, risk management, and risk-based integrity assessment and management. Dr. Khan is actively involved with multinational oil and gas industries on the issue of safety and asset integrity. He also served as the Safety and Risk Advisor to the Government of Newfoundland, Canada. He continues to serve as a subject matter expert to many organizations including Lloyd’s Register EMEA, SBM Modco, Intecsea, Technip, and Qatar-gas. He served as a Visiting Professor of Offshore and Marine Engineering at Australian Maritime College (AMC), University of Tasmania, Australia where he led the development of offshore safety and risk engineering group and the initiative of global engagements with many international institutions. He is the recipient of President Outstanding Research Award of 2012-13 at Memorial University, President Outstanding Research Supervision Award of 2013-14 at Memorial University, CSChE National Award on Process Safety Management of 2014, P, and Society of Petroleum Engineer award for his contribution to Health, Safety and Risk Engineering. He has authored over 500 research articles in peer-reviewed journals and conferences on safety, risk, and reliability engineering. He has authored five books on the subject area. He is the Editor of the Journal of Process Safety and Environmental Protection, Safety in Extreme Environment, and ASME Part A (Risk and Uncertainty Analysis). He regularly offers training program/workshop on safety and risk engineering in different places including St John’s, Chennai, Dubai, Beijing, Aberdeen, Cape Town, Doha and Kuala Lumpur.

Affiliations and expertise

Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety CenterArtie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

Efstratios Pistikopoulos

Stratos Pistikopoulos holds a PhD in Chemical Engineering, from Carnegie Mellon University, USA. The objective of his research program is to develop fundamental theory and optimization based methodologies and computational tools that enable process engineers to analyze, design and evaluate process manufacturing systems which are economically attractive, energy efficient and environmentally benign, while at the same time exhibit good performance characteristics like flexibility, controllability, robustness, reliability and safety.

Affiliations and expertise

Director, Texas A&M Energy Institute, Dow Chemical Chair, USA

Zaman Sajid

Zaman's professional journey is a testament to his unwavering dedication to safety, sustainability, and technological advancement in the chemical and process industries. His qualifications, including a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Process Engineering from Memorial University, Canada, a Master of Science (MS) in Chemical and Process Engineering from the University of Strathclyde, UK, and a Master of Business Administration (MBA) in Sustainable Management from Anaheim University, USA, underscore his technical and management skills. As a senior research engineer at the Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center and a visiting faculty at Texas A&M University, Dr. Sajid's over a decade of experience in teaching and research is focused on applying data analysis, artificial intelligence (AI), and risk-based approaches to enhance the safety, sustainability, and security of modern US chemical processing plants.

Dr. Sajid is actively involved in leading research projects, publishing in leading peer-reviewed journals, and presenting at international conferences. His research tackles challenges in renewable energy, bio-manufacturing, and bioprocessing technologies, focusing on economic and environmental advancements for the US economy. He is also a key contributor to managing a $52 million federally funded project, the Ocean Energy Safety Institute (OESI), to enhance safety in the US offshore energy sector.

Dr. Sajid's commitment to quality scientific publications is unwavering. He actively participates in peer reviews for leading journals, including Applied Energy, Applied Sciences, Computers & Chemical Engineering, Energies, International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, Marine Policy, Sensors, Sustainability, and Systems, and international research organizations such as Research Manitoba, Canada. His membership in the US AI Safety Institute Consortium and his roles on the editorial boards of Frontiers in Environmental Engineering and ChemEngineering are a testament to his significant contributions to the field of chemical engineering.

Affiliations and expertise

senior research engineer at the Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center and a visiting faculty member at Texas A&M University

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Method of process systems in energy systems: Current system part I

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