Metabolism and Respiration

List of Contributors

General Preface

Preface to Volume 2


1 Assessment of the Contributions of Metabolic Pathways to Plant Respiration

I. Introduction

II. Respiration of Protein

III. Respiration of Lipid

IV. Respiration of Carbohydrate

References


2 Enzyme Flexibility as a Molecular Basis for Metabolic Control

I. Introduction

II. Feedback Regulation of Metabolic Pathways

III. Phenomenology of the Regulatory Behavior of Enzymes

IV. Molecular Devices That Command the Regulatory Behavior

V. Models and Theoretical Predictions of Enzyme Flexibility

VI. The Evolution of Catalytic Function and Cooperativity

VII. Conclusions

References


3 Direct Oxidases and Related Enzymes

I. The Activities of Direct Oxidases and Related Enzymes in Plants

II. Ascorbate Oxidase

III. Polyphenol Oxidase

IV. Laccase

V. Utilization of Peroxide and Oxygen Radicals in Plants

References


4 Electron Transport and Energy Coupling in Plant Mitochondria

I. Introduction

II. Mitochondrial Preparations

III. Components of the Respiratory Chain

IV. Carrier Sequence in the Plant Respiratory Chain

V. Energy Coupling in Plant Mitochondria

VI. Discussion

References


5 Nature and Control of Respiratory Pathways in Plants: The Interaction of Cyanide-Resistant Respiration with the Cyanide-Sensitive Pathway

I. Introduction

II. Mitochondrial and Biochemical Aspects

III. Tissue, Organ, and Physiological Aspects

References


6 Control of the Krebs Cycle

I. Introduction

II. Regulation by ADP Turnover

III. Regulation by Enzyme Turnover

IV. Regulation by Metabolite Transport

V. Regulation by Other Methods

VI. Some Special Cases

VII. Enzyme Nomenclature

References


7 The Regulation of Glycolysis and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

I. Introduction

II. Regulation of Glycolysis

III. Regulation of Gluconeogenesis

IV. Regulation of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

References


8 Hydroxylases, Monooxygenases, and Cytochrome P-450

I. General Aspects of Metabolic Hydroxylations

II. Cytochrome P-450-Dependent Mixed-Function Oxygenases

III. Hydroxylase Functions of Phenolases

IV. Prolyl Hydroxylase

V. Peroxygenase

VI. Hydroxylations Catalyzed by Peroxidases

VII. Fatty Acid Hydroxylations

VIII. Hydroxylation Reactions in Metabolic Pathways

IX. Concluding Remarks

References


9 One-Carbon Metabolism

I. Introduction

II. The Occurrence of Folate Derivatives in Plants

III. The Generation of Q Units

IV. Interconversion of Ct Units within the Folate Pool

V. Utilization of Q Units

VI. The Regulation of d Metabolism

References


10 Respiration and Senescence of Plant Organs

I. Introduction

II. Patterns of Respiratory Behavior During Senescence of Plant Organs

III. The Significance of Changes in Respiratory Activity in Relation to Ripening and Senescence in Fruit

IV. Conclusion

References


11 Respiration and Related Metabolic Activity in Wounded and Infected Tissues

I. Introduction

II. Increased Respiration in Response to Wounding or Infection

III. Biochemical Events Related to Increased Respiration

IV. Relationship between Increased Respiration and Metabolism Activated by Wounding or Infection

V. Physiological Roles for Enhanced Respiration and Its Related Metabolism

VI. Use of Wounded and Infected Tissues for Analyzing Metabolic Principles

References


12 Photorespiration

I. Introduction

II. Metabolic Pathways for Glycolate Biosynthesis and Metabolism

III. The Glycerate Pathway

IV. C02 and O2 and Energy Loss During Photorespiration

V. Relationship of Photorespiration to Sucrose and Starch Synthesis

VI. Photorespiration in Algae

VII. Photorespiration in C4 Plants

VIII. O2 Uptake During Electron Transport in Chloroplasts

IX. Regulation of Cellular Synthesis by Photorespiration

X. Regulation of Photorespiration

XI. Speculation on the Function of Photorespiration

References


13 Effects of Light on "Dark" Respiration

I. Introduction

II. Physiological Aspects

III. Biochemical Aspects of Respiration in the Light

IV. General Conclusions

References


14 Anaerobic Metabolism and the Production of Organic Acids

I. Introduction

II. The Diffusion of Oxygen

III. Growth in the Absence of Oxygen

IV. End Products of Anaerobic Metabolism

V. Control of pH

VI. Theories of Flood Tolerance

VII. Conclusions

References


15 Effect of Low Temperature on Respiration

I. Introduction

II. The Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Enzyme Reactions

III. Temperature-Induced Changes in the Ea of Enzyme Reactions

IV. The Effect of Increasing the Ea of Respiratory Activity on Metabolic Balance

V. Metabolic Imbalances in the Tissues of Chilling-Sensitive Plants at Low Temperature

References


16 The Use of Tissue Cultures in Studies of Metabolism

I. Introduction

II. Available Types of Systems

III. Studies with Established Cultures

IV. Studies of Metabolism in Cell Cultures

V. Conclusion

References

Index

Contents of Other Volumes